Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms

Borko Furht, Stephen W. Smoliar, HongJiang Zhang9780792396048, 0792396049, 0792396839, 0792397215, 0792397843

Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms introduces the XYZ video compression technique, which operates in three dimensions, eliminating the overhead of motion estimation. First, video compression standards, MPEG and H.261/H.263, are described. They both use asymmetric compression algorithms, based on motion estimation. Their encoders are much more complex than decoders. The XYZ technique uses a symmetric algorithm, based on the Three-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT). 3D-DCT was originally suggested for compression about twenty years ago; however, at that time the computational complexity of the algorithm was too high, it required large buffer memory, and was not as effective as motion estimation. We have resurrected the 3D-DCT-based video compression algorithm by developing several enhancements to the original algorithm. These enhancements make the algorithm feasible for real-time video compression in applications such as video-on-demand, interactive multimedia, and videoconferencing. The demonstrated results, presented in this book, suggest that the XYZ video compression technique is not only a fast algorithm, but also provides superior compression ratios and high quality of the video compared to existing standard techniques, such as MPEG and H.261/H.263. The elegance of the XYZ technique is in its simplicity, which leads to inexpensive VLSI implementation of any XYZ codec. Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms can be used as a text for graduate students and researchers working in the area of real-time video compression. In addition, the book serves as an essential reference for professionals in the field.

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Table of contents :
Real-Time Video Compression–Techniques & Algorithms……Page 2
Kluwer Int’l Series in Engineering & Computer Science……Page 3
Copyright……Page 5
Contents……Page 6
Preface……Page 8
Ch1 Problem of Video Compression……Page 9
1.1 Overview of Video Compression Techniques……Page 11
1.2 Applications of Compressed Video……Page 14
1.3 Image & Video Formats……Page 16
1.4 Overview of the Book……Page 20
2.1 MPEG Encoder & Decoder……Page 23
2.2 MPEG Data Stream……Page 26
Ch3 H.261/H.263 Compression Standard for Video Telecommunications……Page 31
3.1 Picture Formats for H.261/H.263 Video Codecs……Page 32
3.2 H.261/H.263 Video Encoder……Page 33
3.3 H.261/H.263 Video Decoder……Page 36
4.1 XYZ Compression Algorithm……Page 37
4.2 XYZ Decompression Algorithm……Page 40
5.1 Behavior of DCT……Page 45
5.2.1 Exploiting Symmetries of Cosine Function……Page 48
5.2.2 Fast DCT Based on Discrete Fourier Transform……Page 50
5.3.2 Calculation of 2D DCT by Sparse Matrix & Cosine Symmetry……Page 55
5.3.3 Comparison of 2D DCT Techniques……Page 57
5.4.1 Forward Mapped IDCT……Page 58
5.5.1 Applying DCT to Motion Video……Page 59
5.5.2 Development of Fast 3D DCT Algorithms……Page 61
Ch6 Quantization……Page 65
6.1 Defining Invariant Measure of Error……Page 66
6.2 Calculation of Transform Variances……Page 70
6.3 Generating Quantizer Factors……Page 73
6.4 Adding Human Visual Factors……Page 75
7.1 Huffman Coding……Page 81
7.2 Use of Entropy Coding in JPEG & MPEG……Page 84
7.3 Adaptive Huffman Coding……Page 86
8.1 Complexity of Video Compression Algorithms……Page 91
8.2 From Algorithms to VLSI Architectures……Page 94
8.3 Classification of Video Codec VLSI Architectures……Page 95
8.3.2 Programmable Architectures……Page 96
8.4 Implementations of XYZ Video Compression Algorithm……Page 98
8.4.1 Non-Adaptive XYZ Compression Algorithm……Page 102
8.4.2 Adaptive XYZ Compression Algorithm……Page 104
8.5 Adaptive XYZ Codec using Mesh Architecture……Page 111
8.6 XYZ Codec Based on Fast 3D DCT Coprocessor……Page 119
8.6.1 Fast DCT Based on SHARC Architecture……Page 124
8.6.2 Fast DCT Based on TMS320C80 Processor……Page 126
Ch9 Experimental Results using XYZ Compression……Page 131
9.1 PC Implementation……Page 132
9.1.1 Demonstration of XYZ Algorithm……Page 133
9.1.2 Comparison with MPEG Standard……Page 134
9.1.3 Sensitivity of XYZ Algorithm to Various Video Effects……Page 144
9.2.1 Architecture of MasPar……Page 146
9.2.2 Algorithms on MasPar……Page 148
9.2.3 Adaptive XYZ Compression on MasPar……Page 150
9.3 Non-Adaptive XYZ Compression……Page 152
Ch10 Conclusion……Page 159
Bibliography……Page 163
Index……Page 171