Nicotine Psychopharmacology

S. Katharine Hammond (auth.), Jack E. Henningfield, Edythe D. London, Sakire Pogun (eds.)3540692460, 978-3-540-69246-1, 978-3-540-69248-5, 3540692487

The fact that tobacco ingestion can affect how people feel and think has been known for millennia, placing the plant among those used spiritually, honori?cally, and habitually (Corti 1931; Wilbert 1987). However, the conclusion that nicotine – counted for many of these psychopharmacological effects did not emerge until the nineteenth century (Langley 1905). This was elegantly described by Lewin in 1931 as follows: “The decisive factor in the effects of tobacco, desired or undesired, is nicotine. . . ”(Lewin 1998). The use of nicotine as a pharmacological probe to und- stand physiological functioning at the dawn of the twentieth century was a landmark in the birth of modern neuropharmacology (Limbird 2004; Halliwell 2007), and led the pioneering researcher John Langley to conclude that there must exist some “- ceptive substance” to explain the diverse actions of various substances, including nicotine, when applied to muscle tissue (Langley 1905). Research on tobacco and nicotine progressed throughout the twentieth century, but much of this was from a general pharmacological and toxicological rather than a psychopharmacological perspective (Larson et al. 1961). There was some attention to the effects related to addiction, such as euphoria (Johnston 1941), tolerance (Lewin 1931), and withdrawal (Finnegan et al. 1945), but outside of research supported by the tobacco industry, addiction and psychopharmacology were not major foci for research (Slade et al. 1995; Hurt and Robertson 1998; Henning?eld et al. 2006; Henning?eld and Hartel 1999; Larson et al. 1961).

---

Table of contents :
Front Matter….Pages i-xiv
Global Patterns of Nicotine and Tobacco Consumption….Pages 3-28
Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism, Kinetics and Biomarkers….Pages 29-60
Nicotine Content and Delivery Across Tobacco Products….Pages 61-82
The Road to Discovery of Neuronal Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes….Pages 85-112
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Cigarette Smoking….Pages 113-143
In vivo Brain Imaging of Human Exposure to Nicotine and Tobacco….Pages 145-171
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Nicotine in the CNS….Pages 173-207
The Neuronal Pathways Mediating the Behavioral and Addictive Properties of Nicotine….Pages 209-233
Molecular Genetics of Nicotine Metabolism….Pages 235-259
Sex Differences in Nicotine Action….Pages 261-291
Recognising Nicotine: The Neurobiological Basis of Nicotine Discrimination….Pages 295-333
Effects of Nicotine in Experimental Animals and Humans: An Update on Addictive Properties….Pages 335-367
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Nicotine in Humans….Pages 369-400
Rodent Models of Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome….Pages 401-434
Approaches, Challenges, and Experience in Assessing Free Nicotine….Pages 437-456
Tobacco Industry Manipulation of Nicotine Dosing….Pages 457-485
Pharmacotherapy for Tobacco Dependence….Pages 487-510
Nicotine Psychopharmacology: Policy and Regulatory….Pages 511-534
Back Matter….Pages 535-544