IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (August)

Table of contents :
01321363.pdf……Page 0
M ATTHEW L OEB, Corporate Strategy & Communications R ICHARD D…….Page 3
The University of Mississippi……Page 4
A. Design Procedure……Page 6
B. Fabrication and Measurement……Page 7
A. Design Procedure……Page 8
Fig.€5. Geometry of a miniaturized slot antenna loaded with seri……Page 9
Fig.€7. Far field radiation patterns of loaded straight slot ant……Page 10
B. Fabrication and Measurement……Page 11
V. C ONCLUSION……Page 12
Electromagnetic Simulation and Optimization Software . IE3D…….Page 13
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 14
III. S TARTING P OINT……Page 15
A. Antenna Structure……Page 16
1) Effects of the Substrate Thickness: The first variation is pe……Page 17
3) Effects of the Additional Strip Position and Its Size: Fig.€1……Page 18
B. Measured and Simulated Results……Page 19
Fig.€12. Measured and simulated return losses for the antenna in……Page 20
H. S. Hwang, private communication, unpublished…….Page 21
A. Dense Fractal Tree Generators……Page 23
B. Fractal Tree Generators of Varying Angle……Page 24
TABLE€III P ARAMETERS FOR G ENERATING F OUR -B RANCH F RACTAL T……Page 25
B. Center-Stubbed Fractal Tree Antennas……Page 26
C. Six Branch 50 $^{circ}$ 30 $^{circ}$ Fractal Tree Antenna……Page 27
A. Self-Reconfigurable Reactive Loaded Fractal Tree Monopoles……Page 28
Fig.€13. Load locations on dual- and tri-band four-branch fracta……Page 29
Fig.€17. Matching network for the tri-band four-branch, center s……Page 30
B. Miniature Reconfigurable/Tunable Fractal Tree Antennas Using……Page 31
Fig. 22. $S_{11}$ versus frequency for the reconfigurable six-br……Page 32
C. Puente, J. Claret, F. Sagues, J. Romeu, M. Q. Lopez-Salvans,……Page 33
Microwave Office, Applied Wave Research Inc., 2000…….Page 34
Fig.€1. Configurations of (a) basic zigzag traveling wave antenn……Page 35
III. A NTENNA M INIATURIZATION T ECHNIQUES FOR S INGLE ARM……Page 36
Fig.€5. Configuration of the reduced length single arm quasifrac……Page 37
IV. D OUBLE A RM QFLPZA……Page 38
D. P. Nyquist and K. Chen, The traveling wave linear antenna wit……Page 39
Numerical Electromagnetic Code …….Page 40
II. S PIRAL AND S INUOUS A NTENNAS……Page 41
Fig.€5. Phase of the pattern of mode 1 and mode 2, shown in Figs……Page 42
III. M ULTIMODE -D IVERSITY……Page 43
Fig.€11. Correlation coefficient among mode 1 (1), mode 2 (2) an……Page 44
B. Power Considerations……Page 45
G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, On limits of wireless communicati……Page 46
J. W. Wallace and M. A. Jensen, Characteristics of measured 4 $……Page 47
II. N UMERICAL M ETHOD……Page 48
III. M EASUREMENT T ECHNIQUE……Page 49
Fig.€3. Experimental dipole over dry sand. Length $ = $ 50 cm an……Page 50
Fig.€5. Input impedance of transient dipoles in free space for t……Page 51
A. G. Tijhuis and A. Rubio Bretones, Transient excitation of a l……Page 52
C. J. Leat, N. V. Shuley, and G. F. Stickley, Complex image mode……Page 53
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 54
II. C ROSSED D IPOLE M ODEL……Page 55
Fig.€5. Plot of the directivity versus the elevation angle…….Page 56
Fig. 9. In this case, $theta_{r}$ varies with time and $theta_……Page 57
Fig. 11. In this case, $theta_{t}=theta_{r}$ vary with time. T……Page 58
Fig.€14. Performance of the GA when normally distributed noise i……Page 59
R. Haupt, Adaptive crossed dipole antennas, in URSI General Asse……Page 60
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 61
B. Feed Section……Page 62
A. Heterogeneous FDTD Domain Partition……Page 63
Fig.€4. Resistive card overlay configurations for the PEC launch……Page 64
A. $S_{11}$ & $S_{21}$ and Input Impedance……Page 65
C. R-Card Performance Investigation……Page 66
E. Radiated Field Distribution & Polarization……Page 67
C.-C. Chen, K. R. Rao, and R. Lee, A new ultra-wide bandwidth di……Page 68
T. B. A. Senior, Approximate boundary conditions, IEEE Trans. An……Page 69
A. Formulation of the Reflection Coefficient in Terms of GMEIEs……Page 70
Fig.€1. (a) (c) Models of arbitrarily flanged PPW. (b) Location……Page 71
B. Radiation Fields in the Free Space……Page 72
Fig. 4. Radiated power $Gamma_{rm S}$ as a function of refract……Page 73
Fig.€7. Numerical results of a dielectric filled PPW having a ta……Page 74
2) PPW Having a Tapered Flange Surface [ Fig.€1(b) ]: For the ca……Page 75
D. N. Chien, K. Tanaka, and M. Tanaka, Accurate analysis of powe……Page 76
II. N UMERICAL A NALYSIS: T HE M ETHOD OF M OMENTS……Page 78
B. Entire Domain Current Expansion on the Dipole and Patch……Page 79
Fig. 3. Convergence of the input impedance versus the number of……Page 80
V. PBG S UBSTRATE D ESIGN P ROCEDURES……Page 81
VI. E XPERIMENTS……Page 82
Fig. 8. Waveguide simulator experimental setup…….Page 83
N. Amitay, V. Galindo, and C. P. Wu, Theory and Analysis of Phas……Page 84
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 86
B. The Terdragon Fractile Array……Page 87
Fig.€4. First stage in the construction of a 6-terdragon fractil……Page 88
Fig.€7. The first three stages in the construction of a fudgefla……Page 89
C. The 6-Terdragon Fractile Array……Page 90
D. The Fudgeflake Fractile Array……Page 91
III. R ESULTS……Page 92
Fig.€15. Plot of the normalized stage 5 fudgeflake fractile arra……Page 93
IV. C ONCLUSION……Page 94
D. H. Werner, R. L. Haupt, and P. L. Werner, Fractal antenna eng……Page 95
P. Lopez, J. A. Rodríguez, F. Ares, and E. Moreno, Low sidelobe……Page 96
Fig.€1. CCPS structure (a) original CPS, (b) CCPS, (c) cross-sec……Page 97
III. T WIN D IPOLE A NTENNA U SING M ICROSTRIP -F ED CPS T EE J……Page 98
Fig.€5. Structure of printed twin dipole antenna using a microst……Page 99
IV. P HASED A RRAY A NTENNA W ITH M ULTITRANSMISSION L INE PET C……Page 100
Fig.€9. Differential phase shift for 5 mm dielectric perturber c……Page 101
V. P HASED A RRAY M EASUREMENTS……Page 102
T. Y. Yun, C. Wang, P. Zepeda, C. T. Rodenbeck, M. R. Coutant, M……Page 103
III. G ENERAL A NTENNAS IN C ONDUCTING M EDIA……Page 105
D. Asymptotic Values of $S$ and $Z$……Page 106
Fig. 1. Argument of the impedance, ${rm arg}(Z)$ of magnetic mu……Page 107
Fig. 2. Radiation efficiency, $eta_{{rm eff}}$, of six differe……Page 108
VI. C ONCLUSION……Page 109
O PTIMAL D IRECTIVITY……Page 110
H. A. Wheeler, Fundamental limitations of a small vlf antenna fo……Page 111
II. M UTUAL C OUPLING AND C OMPENSATION……Page 112
B. Open Circuit Voltages……Page 113
III. N UMERICAL E XAMPLES……Page 114
B. Three Signals of Unequal Strength……Page 115
C. Mutual Coupling Compensation in CDMA Communications……Page 116
Fig.€13. Example 3.3. CDMA/MP, using uncompensated voltages…….Page 117
C. K. E. Lau, R. S. Adve, and T. K. Sarkar, Combined CDMA and ma……Page 118
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 120
Definition [ 17, Sec. 3.2 ]: A family of functions ${psi _{mu……Page 121
Fig.€3. Exact and approximate dual functions $varphi (x)$ and $……Page 122
C. Special Case: Gaussian Windows……Page 123
A. Frequency Independent Phase-Space Beam Lattice……Page 124
IV. ID G AUSSIAN W INDOWS……Page 125
B. Choosing the Frame Parameters……Page 126
C. Phase-Space Localization……Page 127
Fig. 9. Coefficients $ {mathhat a}_{ mmb{mu } }$ at $k=0.25$……Page 128
Fig. 11. Observation manifolds ${cal O}_{ mmb{mu } }$ corresp……Page 129
B. Reconstruction of the Aperture Field……Page 130
D. The Phase Space Degrees of Freedom……Page 131
VI. S UMMARY AND C ONCLUDING R EMARKS……Page 132
D. Lugara, C. Letrou, A. Shlivinski, E. Heyman, and A. Boag, The……Page 133
T. Strohmer, Approxiamtion of dual Gabor frames, window decay, a……Page 134
II. T HEORY OF G ROUNDED S LAB E XCITATION BY A S LOT S OURCE (2……Page 135
IV. N UMERICAL R ESULTS……Page 137
Fig.€5. Surface wave and radiation conductance of a slot versus……Page 138
TABLE€I FBR B ANDWIDTH OF T HREE E LEMENT Y AGI; C OMPARISON B……Page 139
VI. C ONCLUSION……Page 140
L. C. Shen and J. A. Kong, Applied Electromagnetism, 2nd ed. Bos……Page 141
II. C OMPLEX R ESONANT F REQUENCY……Page 142
III. G ENERALIZED S YSTEM F UNCTION C ONSTRUCTED BY MBPE……Page 143
IV. E XTERIOR AND I NTERIOR R ESONANT F REQUENCIES AND $Q$ F ACT……Page 144
Fig.€4. Comparison of the electric field magnitude distribution……Page 145
Fig.€6. Frequency responses of the generalized system function m……Page 146
Fig.€8. Plane wave incident upon an infinite long perfect conduc……Page 147
C. Test 3 Infinitely Long Elliptical Cylinder Scattering Problem……Page 148
J. A. Stratton, Electromagnetic Theory . New York, NY: McGraw-Hi……Page 149
R. E. Collin, Minimum $Q$ of small antennas, J. Electromagn. Wav……Page 150
II. C HANNEL C APACITY……Page 151
C. Frequency-Selective Channels……Page 152
A. Eigenvalue-Based Metric……Page 153
A. Singular Values……Page 154
VI. E XPERIMENT……Page 155
B. Channel Complexity……Page 156
Fig.€6. CDF of $alpha $ estimates for 4 $,times,$ 4 and 8 $……Page 157
Fig. 9. CDF of time variation of power-weighted mean $cos ^{2}……Page 158
D.-S. Shui, G. J. Forschini, M. J. Gans, and J. M. Kahn, Fading……Page 159
B. Efron, The Jackknife, the Bootstrap and Other Resampling Plan……Page 160
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 161
A. Statistics for Different Values of $T$……Page 162
Fig.€2. Probability that rain attenuation $A$ (dB), predicted by……Page 163
B. Relation Between $P(A)$ and the Probability Distribution of 1……Page 164
B. Number of Synchronized Partial Interruptions……Page 165
V. S CALING TO O THER S ITES, E LEVATION A NGLES AND F REQUENCIE……Page 166
T. Pratt, C. W. Bostian, and J. E. Allnutt, Satellite Communicat……Page 167
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 169
II. T HEORY……Page 170
A. Accuracy and Convergence Properties of the Modal Expansion in……Page 172
B. Plane-Wave Scattering by a DFSS……Page 173
Fig.€7. Calculated and measured transmittance of a periodic diel……Page 174
IV. C ONCLUSION……Page 175
T. Tamir and F. Y. Kou, Varieties of leaky waves and their excit……Page 176
II. M ODELING A PERTURES IN T HICK S CREENS……Page 178
A. Formulation……Page 179
B. $bar{bar{H}}$ Submatrices……Page 180
D. Examples……Page 181
Fig. 8. Mesh for the dogbone model with mask of thickness ${=}3$……Page 182
A. Examples……Page 183
Fig. 14. Measured $vert S_{11}vert$ for the slot loop antenna……Page 184
S INGULARITY E XTRACTION……Page 185
P. Otero, G. V. Eleftheriades, and J. R. Mosig, Integrated modif……Page 186
Fig.€1. General geometry for an arbitrarily shaped aperture in a……Page 187
II. T HEORETICAL B ACKGROUND……Page 188
Fig.€3. (a) Four cavity Green’s functions, (b) a generic situati……Page 189
IV. A N A LGEBRAIC I NTERLUDE……Page 190
VI. A PPROXIMATIONS FOR D ELTA AND S IGMA G REEN ‘ S F UNCTIONS……Page 191
Fig.€5. Modulus of the normalized delta Green’s function for sev……Page 192
Fig.€8. Normalized $x$ -component of magnetic current along the……Page 193
R. Mittra, Y. Rahmat-Samii, and W. Ko, Spectral theory of diffra……Page 194
K. Michalski, Extrapolation methods for sommerfeld integral tail……Page 195
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 196
A. Surface Integral Equation Formulation……Page 197
B. Generalized Galerkin Impedances for Arbitrary Surface Element……Page 198
Fig.€1. Generalized parametric quadrilateral of geometrical orde……Page 199
E. Generalized Galerkin Impedances for Higher Order Quadrilatera……Page 200
A. Dihedral Corner Reflector……Page 201
B. Metallic Spherical Scatterer……Page 202
Fig. 8. Normalized radar cross-section $[{rm RCS}/(a^{2}pi)]$……Page 203
D. Wire Monopoles Attached to a Metallic Cylinder……Page 204
IV. C ONCLUSION……Page 205
R. E. Hodges and Y. Rahmat-Samii, An iterative current-based hyb……Page 206
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 208
II. L OOP -T REE D ECOMPOSITION OF THE MoM W ITH R OOF -T OP B A……Page 209
III. L OOP -T REE I MPLEMENTATION OF THE AIM A LGORITHM……Page 210
B. Far Interactions……Page 211
IV. P RECONDITIONER B ASED ON N EAR I NTERACTIONS……Page 212
V. N UMERICAL R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION……Page 213
Fig.€4. Geometry of 8 $,% times,$ 4 array and current distribut……Page 214
B. Multiconductor Interconnect……Page 215
VI. C ONCLUSION……Page 216
W. Wu, A. W. Glisson, and D. Kajfez, A comparison of two low-fre……Page 217
V. I. Okhmatovski, J. Morsey, and A. C. Cangellaris, On de-embed……Page 218
II. EFIE F ORMULATION FOR S CATTERING P ROBLEMS……Page 219
Theorem 1: Given a matrix ${bf Z}^{m times n} $ and its column……Page 220
A. An Open Cone Plate……Page 221
Fig.€3. Monostatic RCS patterns of the open cone example at 5 GH……Page 222
J. F. Lee, R. Lee, and R. Burkholder, Loop star basis functions……Page 223
G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, Matrix Computations . Baltimore……Page 224
I. I NTRODUCTION……Page 225
A. Definitions and Notations in Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis……Page 226
1) A Dipole of Finite Thickness: We analyze the sensitivity of t……Page 227
Fig.€3. Derivative of the input reactance of the dipole with res……Page 228
B. The Broyden-Update Approach to Matrix Derivative Estimation……Page 229
1) Optimization of a Yagi Uda Array: An initial design of the si……Page 230
Fig. 12. Global error in the ${mbi Z}$ -matrix derivative estim……Page 231
Fig.€13. Sensitivities of the objective function in the optimiza……Page 232
2) Optimization of a Microstrip-Fed Patch Antenna: We now apply……Page 233
S. Amari, Numerical cost of gradient computation within the meth……Page 234
S. Glavic, Electromagnetic Design Sensitivity Analysis of High-F……Page 235
II. T HE CM……Page 236
Fig.€2. Primal and dual time cell complexes and the global varia……Page 237
III. G ENERALIZED FDTD 2-D- ${rm TM}_{rm z}$ E XPLICIT A LGORI……Page 238
IV. H YBRID A LGORITHMS……Page 239
1) CM-NEW Algorithm: The CM-NEW algorithm is obtained in a way t……Page 240
V. S TABILITY A NALYSIS……Page 241
B. Stability Analysis of the Hybrid Algorithm Set by CM-FDTD (Do……Page 242
VI. C ONCLUSION……Page 243
P. Henrici, Error Propagation for Difference Methods . New York:……Page 244
Editorial Board……Page 285
INSTITUTIONAL LISTINGS……Page 286