Science and Technology of Rubber-e0124647863

James E. Mark, Burak Erman0124647863, 9780124647862, 9780080456010

The 3rd edition of The Science and Technology of Rubber provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling. ?·

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Half Title Page……Page 2
Title Page……Page 4
Copyright……Page 5
Contents……Page 6
Contributors……Page 12
Preface to the Third Edition……Page 14
Preface to the Second Edition……Page 16
Preface to the First Edition……Page 18
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 20
II. ELASTICITY OF A SINGLE MOLECULE……Page 21
III. ELASTICITY OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL NETWORK OF POLYMER MOLECULES……Page 24
IV. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT……Page 29
V. CONTINUUM THEORY OF RUBBER ELASTICITY……Page 31
VI. SECOND-ORDER STRESSES……Page 39
VII. ELASTIC BEHAVIOR UNDER SMALL DEFORMATIONS……Page 40
VIII. SOME UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN RUBBER ELASTICITY……Page 44
REFERENCES……Page 45
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 48
II. CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS AND KINETIC CONSIDERATIONS……Page 49
III. Polyaddition/Polycondensation……Page 53
IV. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION BY FREE RADICAL MECHANISM……Page 55
V. EMULSION POLYMERIZATION……Page 63
VI. COPOLYMERIZATION……Page 74
VII. Chain Polymerization by Cationic Mechanism……Page 80
VIII. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION BY ANIONIC MECHANISM……Page 88
IX. STEREOSPECIFIC CHAIN POLYMERIZATION AND COPOLYMERIZATION BY COORDINATION CATALYSTS……Page 98
X. GRAFT AND BLOCK COPOLYMERIZATION……Page 108
REFERENCES……Page 115
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 124
II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION……Page 125
III. SEQUENCE DISTRIBUTION OF REPEAT UNITS……Page 128
IV. CHAIN ARCHITECTURE……Page 130
V. GLASS TRANSITION AND SECONDARY RELAXATION PROCESSES……Page 147
VI. MORPHOLOGY……Page 151
REFERENCES……Page 167
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 176
II. STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL NETWORK……Page 177
III. ELEMENTARY MOLECULAR THEORIES……Page 179
IV. MORE ADVANCED MOLECULAR THEORIES……Page 187
V. PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORIES AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE……Page 191
VI. SWELLING OF NETWORKS AND RESPONSIVE GELS……Page 192
VII. ENTHALPIC AND ENTROPIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO RUBBER ELASTICITY: FORCE-TEMPERATURE RELATIONS……Page 195
VIII. DIRECT DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR DIMENSIONS……Page 196
IX. SINGLE-MOLECULE ELASTICITY……Page 197
REFERENCES……Page 200
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 202
II. DEFINITIONS OF MEASURED QUANTITIES, J(t), G(t), AND G*(ω), AND SPECTRA L(log λ) AND H(log τ)……Page 203
III. THE GLASS TEMPERATURE……Page 209
IV. VOLUME CHANGES DURING CURING……Page 210
V. VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR ABOVE Tg……Page 214
VI. VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF OTHER MODEL ELASTOMERS……Page 220
VII. THE CALCULATION OF THE TEAR ENERGY OF ELASTOMERS FROM THEIR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR……Page 230
VIII. THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF VISCOELASTIC MECHANISMS AND ANOMALIES……Page 235
IX. APPENDIX: NOMENCLATURE……Page 249
REFERENCES……Page 252
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 256
II. BASIC CONCEPTS OF MECHANICS……Page 261
III. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES……Page 264
IV. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS……Page 288
V. MECHANOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR……Page 290
VI. RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS……Page 294
VII. PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY……Page 302
VIII. ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF PROCESSING……Page 317
REFERENCES……Page 329
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 340
II. DEFINITION OF VULCANIZATION……Page 341
III. EFFECTS OF VULCANIZATION ON VULCANIZATE PROPERTIES……Page 342
IV. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VULCANIZATION PROCESS……Page 344
V. VULCANIZATION BY SULFUR WITHOUT ACCELERATOR……Page 347
VI. ACCELERATED-SULFUR VULCANIZATION……Page 350
VII. VULCANIZATION BY PHENOLIC CURATIVES, BENZOQUINONE DERIVATIVES, OR BISMALEIMIDES……Page 368
VIII. VULCANIZATION BY THE ACTION OF METAL OXIDES……Page 373
IX. VULCANIZATION BY THE ACTION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES……Page 375
X. DYNAMIC VULCANIZATION……Page 380
REFERENCES……Page 383
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 386
II. PREPARATION OF FILLERS……Page 387
III. MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FILLERS……Page 389
IV. THE MIX: A NANOCOMPOSITE OF ELASTOMER AND FILLER……Page 399
V. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED RUBBERS……Page 405
REFERENCES……Page 415
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 420
II. POLYMERS……Page 421
III. FILLER SYSTEMS……Page 434
IV. STABILIZER SYSTEMS……Page 446
V. VULCANIZATION SYSTEM……Page 452
VI. SPECIAL COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS……Page 460
VII. COMPOUND DEVELOPMENT……Page 464
VIII. COMPOUND PREPARATION……Page 468
IX. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN COMPOUNDING……Page 469
X. SUMMARY……Page 471
REFERENCES……Page 472
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 474
II. INITIATION OF FRACTURE……Page 475
III. THRESHOLD STRENGTHS AND EXTENSIBILITIES……Page 482
IV. FRACTURE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESSES……Page 484
V. CRACK PROPAGATION……Page 488
VI. TENSILE RUPTURE……Page 498
VII. REPEATED STRESSING: MECHANICAL FATIGUE……Page 504
VIII. SURFACE CRACKING BY OZONE……Page 507
IX. ABRASIVE WEAR……Page 508
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……Page 511
REFERENCES……Page 512
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 516
II. CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS WITHIN BACKBONE AND CHAIN ENDS……Page 517
III. ESTERIFICATION, ETHERIFICATION, AND HYDROLYSIS OF POLYMERS……Page 519
IV. THE HYDROGENATION OF POLYMERS……Page 522
V. DEHALOGENATION, ELIMINATION, AND HALOGENATION REACTIONS IN POLYMERS……Page 524
VI. OTHER ADDITION REACTIONS TO DOUBLE BONDS……Page 528
VIII. FUNCTIONALIZATION OF POLYMERS……Page 531
X. BLOCK AND GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION……Page 532
REFERENCES……Page 546
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 548
II. MISCIBLE ELASTOMER BLENDS……Page 550
III. IMMISCIBLE ELASTOMER BLENDS……Page 557
IV. CONCLUSION……Page 569
REFERENCES……Page 570
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 574
II. SYNTHESIS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS……Page 579
III. MORPHOLOGY OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS……Page 586
IV. PROPERTIES AND EFFECT OF STRUCTURE……Page 605
V. THERMODYNAMICS OF PHASE SEPARATION……Page 613
VI. THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS AT SURFACES……Page 619
VII. RHEOLOGY AND PROCESSING……Page 625
VIII. APPLICATIONS……Page 629
REFERENCES……Page 631
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 638
II. TIRE TYPES AND PERFORMANCE……Page 639
III. BASIC TIRE DESIGN……Page 640
IV. TIRE ENGINEERING……Page 644
V. TIRE MATERIALS……Page 655
VI. TIRE TESTING……Page 670
VII. TIRE MANUFACTURING……Page 674
VIII. SUMMARY……Page 679
REFERENCES……Page 680
I. INTRODUCTION……Page 682
III. RECYCLING OF RUBBER VULCANIZATES……Page 684
IV. USE OF RECYCLED RUBBER……Page 701
V. PYROLYSIS AND INCINERATION OF RUBBER……Page 713
VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS……Page 714
REFERENCES……Page 715
Index……Page 722