Phase transformations of elements under high pressure (CRC 2005)

E. Yu Tonkov, E.G. Ponyatovsky0849333679, 9780849333675

As laboratories replace heavy hydraulic presses and bulky high-pressure chambers with miniature diamond anvils, traditional heaters with laser heating, and continue to improve methods of shock compression, there has been considerable new data obtained from the high-pressure, high-temperature modification of pure elements. The dense metallic modification of elements shows the potential for achieving superconductivity akin to theoretical predictions. Phase Transformations of Elements Under High Pressure contains the latest theoretical and experimental information on nearly 100 elements, including first-and second-phase transitions, melting lines, crystal structures of stable and metastable phases, stability of polymorphic modifications, and other useful properties and data. It emphasizes features such as changes in the liquid state, amorphization, and metallization, and provides temperature-pressure diagrams for every element. The book also describes the transitions of polymeric forms of fullerene, crystal modifications of elements stable under high pressures, and provides data that confirms their superconducting and magnetic properties. This handbook will be a lasting reference for scientists in a broad range of disciplines, including solid-state physics, chemistry, crystallography, mineralogy, and materials science.

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Table of contents :
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS OF ELEMENTS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE……Page 1
Preface……Page 3
Introduction……Page 4
Notation……Page 6
Table of Contents……Page 7
Hydrogen……Page 9
Deuterium……Page 18
Lithium……Page 24
Sodium……Page 30
Potassium……Page 35
Rubidium……Page 38
Cesium……Page 43
Beryllium……Page 50
Magnesium……Page 52
Calcium……Page 55
Strontium……Page 57
Barium……Page 61
Boron……Page 68
Aluminum……Page 70
Gallium……Page 74
Indium……Page 78
Thallium……Page 81
Carbon……Page 85
Fullerene C60……Page 94
Fullerene C70……Page 101
Silicon……Page 104
Geranium……Page 115
Tin……Page 124
Lead……Page 129
Nitrogen……Page 134
Phosphorus……Page 141
Arsenic……Page 148
Antimony……Page 151
Bismuth……Page 156
Oxygen……Page 165
Sulfur……Page 172
Selenium……Page 180
Tellurium……Page 188
Fluorine……Page 194
Chlorine……Page 196
Bromine……Page 197
Iodine……Page 199
Helium-4……Page 206
Helium-3……Page 212
Neon……Page 214
Argon……Page 216
Krypton……Page 220
Xenon……Page 222
Scandium……Page 227
Yttrium……Page 229
Titanium……Page 231
Zirconium……Page 236
Hafnium……Page 241
Vanadium……Page 243
Niobium……Page 245
Tantalum……Page 247
Chromium……Page 250
Molybdenum……Page 252
Tungsten……Page 255
Manganese……Page 257
Technecium……Page 259
Rhenium……Page 260
Iron……Page 261
Osmium……Page 273
Cobalt……Page 274
Iridium……Page 276
Nickel……Page 278
Palladium……Page 280
Platinum……Page 281
Copper……Page 283
Silver……Page 287
Gold……Page 289
Zinc……Page 292
Cadmium……Page 295
Mercury……Page 298
Lanthanum……Page 301
Cerium……Page 307
Praseodymium……Page 320
Neodymium……Page 325
Samarium……Page 329
Europium……Page 333
Gadolinium……Page 336
Terbium……Page 340
Dysprosium……Page 343
Holmium……Page 345
Erbium……Page 347
Thulium……Page 349
Ytterbium……Page 350
Lutecium……Page 354
Actinium……Page 355
Thorium……Page 356
Protactinium……Page 358
Uranium……Page 359
Neptunium……Page 362
Plutonium……Page 364
Americium……Page 367
Curium……Page 370
Californium……Page 371
Crystallographic data for the high-pressure phases of the elements……Page 373