Petroleum Engineering Handbook. Emerging and Peripheral Technologies

Warner9781555631222, 1555631223

v. 1. General engineering / John R. Fanchi, editor — v. 2. Drilling engineering / Robert F. Mitchell, editor — v. 3. Facilities and construction engineering / Kenneth E. Arnold, editor — v. 4. Production operations engineering / Joe Dunn Clegg, editor — v. 5, pt. A and pt. B. Reservoir engineering and petrophysics / Edward D. Holstein, editor — v. 6. Emerging and peripheral technologies / H.R. Warner Jr., editor — v. 7. Indexes and standards

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Table of contents :
1.1 Introduction……Page 9
1.2 Attributes……Page 13
1.3 Imaging and Inversion……Page 23
1.4 Borehole Seismic and Sonic Methods……Page 33
1.5 Seismic Time-Lapse Reservoir Monitoring……Page 36
1.6 Passive Seismic Monitoring……Page 40
1.7 Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring……Page 42
1.8 Pore Pressure Prediction……Page 44
1.9 Mechanical Properties and Seismic Properties……Page 46
1.10 Nonseismic Techniques……Page 47
Nomenclature……Page 51
Acknowledgments……Page 52
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 58
2.1 Introduction……Page 59
2.2 Back to Basics: Classical Statistics and Its Role in Geostatistical Modeling……Page 62
2.3 A Geostatistical Reservoir-Modeling Workflow……Page 93
2.5 Geologic and Reservoir-Engineering Issues……Page 98
2.6 Geostatistical Technology Into the Next Decade……Page 107
Nomenclature……Page 109
Acknowledgments……Page 111
Glossary……Page 116
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 119
3.2 Historical Perspective……Page 121
3.3 Fundamentals of Technology……Page 122
3.4 Operational Considerations……Page 128
3.5 Field Applications (Case Study Examples)……Page 130
3.6 Sand Control……Page 136
Acknowledgments……Page 138
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 142
4.2 Subsea Processing……Page 143
4.3 Downhole Processing……Page 169
Acknowledgments……Page 187
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 189
5.1 Introduction……Page 191
5.2 CHOPS Reservoirs in Canada……Page 196
5.3 Production Rate Increase Mechanisms……Page 198
5.4 Uniform or Channel Growth in the Affected Region?……Page 203
5.5 Reservoir Assessment and Candidate Screening for CHOPS……Page 214
5.6 CHOPS Simulation……Page 221
5.7 Operational Issues in CHOPS……Page 225
5.8 Sand Management in CHOPS……Page 230
5.9 Case Histories……Page 233
5.10 Monitoring CHOPS……Page 236
5.11 CHOPS and Other Production Technologies……Page 238
5.12 Summary of CHOPS……Page 241
Nomenclature……Page 242
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 248
6.1 Introduction……Page 249
6.2 CBM Reservoir Fundamentals……Page 252
6.3 Basin Assessment……Page 259
6.4 Reservoir Evaluation……Page 262
6.5 Drilling, Coring, and Completions……Page 269
6.6 Production Operations and Facilities……Page 273
6.7 Economic and Commercial Considerations……Page 275
6.8 Case Studies……Page 280
6.9 Future Trends in CBM Development……Page 296
Nomenclature……Page 299
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 304
7.2 Definition of Tight Gas……Page 305
7.3 The Resource Triangle……Page 306
7.4 Tight Gas in the United States……Page 307
7.6 Geologic Considerations……Page 310
7.8 Reservoir Continuity……Page 311
7.10 Reservoir Considerations……Page 313
7.12 Formation Evaluation……Page 314
7.13 Log Analyses……Page 315
7.14 Core Analyses……Page 317
7.15 Mud Filtrate Invasion……Page 321
7.16 Formation Mechanical Properties……Page 323
7.17 Estimating Permeability……Page 325
7.18 Statistical Correlations……Page 330
7.19 Developing Databases……Page 337
7.20 Well Construction……Page 341
7.21 Post-Fracture Reservoir Evaluation Methods……Page 349
7.22 Estimating Reserves in Tight Gas Reservoirs……Page 353
Nomenclature……Page 357
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 361
8.1 Gas—The Fuel of the 21st Century……Page 363
8.3 Stranded Gas……Page 364
8.4 Overview of Gas Transportation Options……Page 366
8.5 Pipelines……Page 371
8.6 Compressed Natural Gas……Page 373
8.7 Liquefied Natural Gas……Page 376
8.8 Gas to Ammonia and Urea……Page 380
8.9 Gas to Liquids—Fischer-Tropsch Route……Page 384
8.10 Gas to Methanol……Page 388
8.11 Gas to Power……Page 390
8.12 Evaluation of Gas Monetization Options……Page 392
8.13 Conclusions……Page 393
Nomenclature……Page 394
Appendix—Abbreviations……Page 396
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 397
9.2 Occurrence of Geothermal Energy……Page 399
9.3 Types of Geothermal Systems……Page 401
9.4 Geothermal Energy Potential……Page 402
9.5 Geothermal Exploration……Page 403
9.6 Geophysical Techniques……Page 404
9.7 Geothermal Drilling……Page 407
9.8 Reservoir Engineering……Page 413
9.9 Field Operations……Page 430
9.10 Measurements in Geothermal Production Applications……Page 431
9.11 Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems for the Production of Electrical Power……Page 436
Nomenclature……Page 440
Copyright Notice……Page 442
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 451
10.1 Introduction……Page 453
10.2 Historical Perspective……Page 455
10.3 Language of Risk Analysis and Decision Making……Page 457
10.4 The Tools of the Trade……Page 472
10.5 Typical Applications of Technologies……Page 491
Models……Page 509
10.7 Design of Uncertainty Models……Page 517
10.8 Future of Technology for the Next Decade……Page 520
Nomenclature……Page 522
Glossary……Page 530
Appendix—Risk Analysis for the Oil Industry……Page 535
11.2 Safety and Flow Assurance in Oil/Gas Pipelines, Drillstrings, and Processing……Page 561
11.3 Transporting Stranded Gas as Hydrates……Page 568
11.4 Gas Hydrates in Nature: Seafloor Stability……Page 569
11.5 Gas Hydrates in Nature: Energy Recovery……Page 571
11.6 Summary and Future Hydrate Research Directions……Page 572
Nomenclature……Page 573
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 574
12.1 Introduction……Page 575
12.2 Historical Perspective……Page 579
12.3 Electrical Engineering Considerations……Page 585
12.4 Fluid Flow Modeling Considerations……Page 600
12.5 Field Tests……Page 606
12.6 Summary……Page 609
12.7 Future Technology Development……Page 610
Nomenclature……Page 611
Acknowledgments……Page 613
SI Metric Conversion Factors……Page 617