The Physiological Bases of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders

Lisa L. Weyandt9780805847185, 0-8058-4718-9, 0805847197

Up to twenty percent of the American population suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder, and cross-national studies suggest a high prevalence of such disorders elsewhere. In recent decades, advances in our knowledge of the brain are causing us to question many of the theories underlying traditional approaches to diagnosing and treating these disorders. Researchers in diverse fields—molecular genetics, behavioral, cognitive and clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and neurology—have contributed to the advances. The new knowledge that has been amassed should inform work with clients, but for most practitioners and practitioners-in-training—who lack specialized background—it has been difficult to grasp. In this book, specifically designed to meet the needs of graduate students in clinical, counseling and school psychology programs, Lisa Weyandt offers a comprehensive, up-to-date, readable overview of our current understanding of the biological bases of psychopathology and its implications for intervention. Early chapters concisely and clearly explain the basics of brain structure and function and current research techniques; they set the stage for chapters examining each major group of disorders. An extensive art program underlines the important points.

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Table of contents :
Contents……Page 8
Color Plates……Page 10
Foreword……Page 12
Preface……Page 14
Acknowledgments……Page 18
Overview of the Nervous System……Page 22
Brain Divisions……Page 23
Brain Development……Page 30
Brain Cells and Brain Maturation……Page 31
Postnatal Brain Growth and Plasticity……Page 37
Traumatic Brain Injury……Page 39
Brain Injury—Stroke……Page 40
Developmental Anomalies……Page 41
Deprivation Studies……Page 42
Enrichment Studies……Page 43
Mechanisms of Plasticity……Page 44
Metabolic Needs of the Brain……Page 47
Sex Differences in Brain Morphology……Page 48
Summary……Page 49
Intracellular Components and Functions……Page 50
Development of the Action Potential……Page 54
Process of Chemical Neurotransmission……Page 57
Postsynaptic Receptors……Page 59
Termination of Neurotransmission……Page 61
Neurotransmitter Substances……Page 62
Psychopharmacology……Page 72
An Overview of Psychotropic Drugs and Mode of Action……Page 76
Summary……Page 82
Basic Principles of Brain Activation and Measurement……Page 83
Brain Imaging Techniques, Structural Imaging……Page 84
Brain Imaging Techniques, Functional Imaging……Page 86
Brain Stimulation Techniques……Page 92
Summary……Page 103
Background Information……Page 104
Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type……Page 105
Parkinson’s Disease……Page 119
Interventions for Parkinson’s Disease……Page 127
Summary……Page 131
Background, Prevalence, and Course……Page 132
Physiological Explanations for Psychosis……Page 135
Etiologic Theories……Page 136
Summary……Page 153
Pharmacological Interventions for Schizophrenia……Page 154
Summary……Page 158
Major Depressive Disorder……Page 159
Summary……Page 183
Bipolar Disorder……Page 184
Summary……Page 199
Panic Disorder……Page 200
Brain Imaging Studies and Panic Disorder……Page 210
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)……Page 215
Summary……Page 228
Drug Addiction……Page 229
Summary……Page 248
Eating Disorders……Page 249
Summary……Page 255
Background Information……Page 256
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)……Page 257
Tourette’s Disorder……Page 267
Autistic Disorder……Page 276
Summary……Page 287
Learning Disabilities……Page 288
Summary……Page 291
References……Page 292
Appendix……Page 398
A……Page 400
C……Page 401
D……Page 402
F……Page 403
L……Page 404
N……Page 405
P……Page 406
S……Page 407
Y……Page 408