GNSS Receivers for Weak Signals

Nesreen I. Ziedan1596930527, 9781596930520, 9781596930537

Many important GPS applications such as the positioning of wireless devices, tracking during ionospheric scintillation, and orbit determination of geostationary and high Earth orbit satellites require a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) receiver with the ability to work with weak signals. This first-of-its-kind book addresses this critical issue, introducing new, efficient GNSS receiver algorithms designed for weak signals and various dynamic conditions. Professionals gain working knowledge of 15 algorithms that can be easily implemented in a standalone GNSS receiver, because they don’t require information from networks or other outside sources. The algorithms presented in the book address all the main receiver functions that today’s engineers are concerned with, such as signal acquisition, fine acquisition, bit synchronization, code and carrier tracking, and navigation message decoding.

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Table of contents :
GNSS Receivers for Weak Signals……Page 1
Contents v……Page 5
Preface xi……Page 11
1.1 Introduction 1……Page 15
1.2 GPS Components 2……Page 16
1.3 Principles of User Position, Velocity, and Time Determination 3……Page 17
1.4 GPS Signal Structure 5……Page 19
1.5 GPS Navigation Message Structure 6……Page 20
1.6 Precorrelation Signal Processing 7……Page 21
1.7 Overview of Acquisition Techniques 8……Page 22
1.8 Overview of Bit Synchronization and Data-Estimation Techniques 13……Page 27
1.9 Overview of Satellite Signal Tracking 16……Page 30
1.10 Navigation Message Decoding 23……Page 37
1.11 GPS Modernization and Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System 24……Page 38
1.12 Weak-Signal Applications 28……Page 42
1.13 Overview of Some Technical Concepts 30……Page 44
1.14 GNSS Positioning UsingWeak Signals 35……Page 49
References 37……Page 51
2.2 Received Signals 43……Page 57
2.3 Doppler Effect on the Code Rate 44……Page 58
2.5 Signal Model for Acquisition 46……Page 60
2.6 Signal Model for Fine Acquisition 47……Page 61
2.7 Signal Model for Tracking 49……Page 63
2.8 Clock Noise 51……Page 65
References 52……Page 66
3.1 Introduction 53……Page 67
3.2 Algorithm 1: Circular Correlation with Multiple Data Bits 54……Page 68
3.3 Algorithm 2: Modified Double Block Zero Padding 67……Page 81
3.4 Signal Detection in the Presence of Strong Interfering Signals 76……Page 90
3.5 High Dynamic Acquisition 78……Page 92
3.6 Probabilities of Detection and False Alarm 82……Page 96
3.7 Simulation and Results 99……Page 113
3.8 Summary and Conclusions 112……Page 126
References 113……Page 127
4.1 Introduction 115……Page 129
4.2 Signal Model 116……Page 130
4.3 Acquisition, Fine Acquisition, and Bit Synchronization Modules Relationship 117……Page 131
4.4 Bit Synchronization and Data Bit Detection Algorithm 118……Page 132
4.5 Extended States VA for Fine Acquisition 123……Page 137
4.6 High Dynamic Fine Acquisition 126……Page 140
4.7 Bit Synchronization and Navigation Message Detection in the Presence of Carrier-Tracking Errors 129……Page 143
4.8 Use of the Repeated Subframes 136……Page 150
4.9 Computational Analysis and Reduction 138……Page 152
4.10 Simulation and Results 140……Page 154
4.11 Summary and Conclusions 150……Page 164
References 152……Page 166
5.1 Introduction 155……Page 169
5.2 Tracking Module Interaction 156……Page 170
5.3 Code Tracking 157……Page 171
5.4 Carrier Tracking 171……Page 185
5.5 Navigation Message Decoding 176……Page 190
5.6 Maximizing the Time to Lose Lock 182……Page 196
5.8 Computational Requirements 188……Page 202
5.9 Simulation and Results 190……Page 204
5.10 Summary and Conclusions 201……Page 215
References 202……Page 216
6.2 Summary of the Algorithms 203……Page 217
6.3 Summary of the Acquisition Algorithms and Their Performance 205……Page 219
6.4 Summary of the Fine Acquisition and Tracking Algorithms and Their Performance 210……Page 224
6.5 New Civil L2C and L5 GPS Signals 216……Page 230
References 217……Page 231
Acronyms 219……Page 233
Symbols 223……Page 237
About the Author 227……Page 241
Index 229……Page 243