Dictionary of material science and high energy physics

Dipak K. Basu9780849328893, 0-8493-2889-6

Over 3,000 terms with clear, working definitions, alternative meanings, and related references comprise this uniquely focused lexicon. Published in a convenient, paperback format, it covers chemical, energy, nuclear, plasma, condensed matter, and solid-state physics, fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics, quantum optics, thermodynamics, and materials science.

---

Table of contents :
DICTIONARY OF Material Science and High energy physics……Page 3
Preface……Page 5
Contributors……Page 6
Editorial Advisor……Page 8
absorption of photons……Page 9
added mass……Page 10
adjoint operator……Page 11
alcator plasma machine……Page 12
angular momentum……Page 13
annealing……Page 14
anomalous (magnetic) moment……Page 15
antisymmetric wave function……Page 16
associated Legendre polynomial……Page 17
aurora……Page 18
azimuthal quantum number……Page 19
barometer……Page 20
beam-plasma reaction……Page 21
Berry’s phase……Page 22
bilinear covariants……Page 23
Blasius solution……Page 24
Bohr, Niels……Page 25
Born-Fock theorem……Page 26
boundary layer……Page 27
box normalization……Page 28
Bremsstrahlung……Page 29
buoyancy……Page 30
cascade, turbulent energy……Page 31
center-of-momentum (c.o.m.) coordinates……Page 32
character of group representation……Page 33
classical diffusion……Page 34
closure relation……Page 35
cold atoms……Page 36
completeness……Page 37
Compton wavelength……Page 38
conservation equations……Page 39
converging–diverging nozzle……Page 40
Coulomb gauge……Page 41
critical point……Page 42
crystal……Page 43
cyclotron resonance……Page 44
Darcy friction factor……Page 45
dark state……Page 46
de Broglie wavelength……Page 47
decay width……Page 48
deformation……Page 49
degree of coherence……Page 50
density matrix……Page 51
density of modes……Page 52
deuteron……Page 53
diesel engine……Page 54
diffusion, viscous……Page 55
dipole approximation……Page 56
dipole-forbidden transitions……Page 57
dipole transition moment……Page 58
Dirac string……Page 59
divergence operator……Page 60
Doppler-free excitation……Page 61
dose……Page 62
doublet……Page 63
Drell–Yan process……Page 64
drift chamber……Page 65
dusty plasma……Page 66
dysprosium……Page 67
eddy viscosity……Page 68
eigenstates……Page 69
eikonal approximation……Page 70
Einstein equation……Page 71
Ekman layer……Page 72
elastic modulus……Page 73
electric field operator……Page 74
electromagnetic radiation……Page 75
electron cyclotron heating……Page 76
electrostatic wave, or plasma electrostatic wave……Page 77
emission……Page 78
energy equation……Page 79
enrichment……Page 81
entrance region (entry length)……Page 82
equilibrium……Page 83
eulerian viewpoint (eulerian description of fluid motion……Page 84
eutectic alloy……Page 85
exchange interaction……Page 86
extrapolated breakeven……Page 87
Falkhoff–Uhlenbeck formula……Page 88
Fanno line……Page 89
feedback……Page 90
Fermi gas……Page 91
Fermi surface……Page 92
Feynman diagram……Page 93
field amplitude……Page 94
finesse (F)……Page 95
first Brillouin zone……Page 96
flow visualization……Page 97
flute instability……Page 98
Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation……Page 99
four wave mixing……Page 100
Franck–Condon principle……Page 101
free induction decay……Page 102
friction factor……Page 103
fusion……Page 104
gallium……Page 105
Gamow theory (alpha decay)……Page 106
gauge transformation……Page 107
Gaussian random processes……Page 108
Geiger counter……Page 109
generalized oscillator strength……Page 110
generation……Page 111
g-factor, Landé……Page 112
Glashow, Sheldon L…….Page 113
glow discharge……Page 114
Goldberger–Treiman relation……Page 115
grad-B drift……Page 116
gravitation……Page 117
gravity waves……Page 118
Grotrian, W…….Page 119
guiding center plasma……Page 120
gyrotron……Page 121
Haken representation……Page 122
Hamiltonian……Page 123
(iv) for a rigid rotator:……Page 124
hard core (of the nuclear force)……Page 125
Hartree method theory……Page 126
heavy-water reactor……Page 127
helium……Page 128
He-Ne lasers……Page 129
higher order correlation……Page 130
hole state……Page 131
horseshoe vortex……Page 132
hybridization……Page 133
hydrogen atom……Page 134
Hylleraas trial functions……Page 138
hypersonic flow……Page 139
impulse approximation……Page 140
index matching……Page 141
inelastic scattering……Page 142
inertial frame……Page 144
inner product……Page 145
intensity correlation function……Page 146
interchange operator……Page 147
internal energy……Page 148
inversion……Page 149
ion acoustic solitons……Page 150
ionic bonding……Page 151
isolator……Page 152
isovector particle……Page 153
ITER……Page 154
Jaynes–Cummings model……Page 155
Jeans, Sir J…….Page 156
j–j coupling……Page 157
Jones vector……Page 158
Josephson effect……Page 159
Josephson radiation……Page 160
JT-60……Page 161
Kelvin scale of temperature (K)……Page 164
kinematics……Page 165
Klein paradox……Page 166
Kondo’s theory……Page 167
Kruskal–Schwarzschild instability……Page 168
Kutta–Zhukovski lift theorem……Page 169
Lamb shift……Page 170
Landau–Zener model……Page 171
Landé g-factor (spectroscopic splitting factor)……Page 172
Larmor radius……Page 173
laser (maser)……Page 174
lattice, crystal lattices……Page 176
lattice vibrations……Page 177
Lawson criterion……Page 178
Levinson’s theorem……Page 179
Lindemann melting formula……Page 180
line tying……Page 181
local gauge transformation……Page 182
Lorentz scalar……Page 183
lower hybrid frequency……Page 184
Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation……Page 185
macrostate……Page 186
magnetic confinement……Page 187
magnetic multipole radiation……Page 188
magnetic sublevels……Page 189
magnetic surface……Page 190
magneto-acoustic effect……Page 191
magneto-optical trap……Page 192
magnon……Page 193
manometer……Page 194
master group……Page 195
Maxwell distribution……Page 196
Maxwell relations……Page 197
mean photon number……Page 198
metal insulator transition (Mott transition)……Page 199
Michelson interferometer……Page 200
microsystem……Page 201
mixed state……Page 202
mode degeneracy……Page 203
modulation……Page 204
molecular field……Page 205
moment equations……Page 206
Mössbauer effect……Page 207
Mueller matrix……Page 208
multipole expansion……Page 209
muon neutrino……Page 210
Navier –Stokes equations……Page 211
negative temperature……Page 212
neutron……Page 213
non-classical light……Page 214
norm……Page 215
N-P product……Page 216
nucleation……Page 217
Nyquist formula……Page 218
octane number……Page 219
Onsager equations……Page 220
operator product expansion……Page 221
optical parametric process……Page 222
orbital……Page 223
orifice plate……Page 224
oscillator……Page 225
Otto cycle……Page 226
oxidation……Page 227
parity selection rules……Page 228
partition function……Page 229
Pauli susceptibility……Page 230
penguin diagram……Page 231
permutation symmetry……Page 232
phase shift……Page 233
photodetector……Page 234
photon echo……Page 235
piezoelectricity……Page 236
Planck distribution……Page 237
plasma dispersion function……Page 238
Poiseuille flow……Page 239
population inversion……Page 240
Prandtl–Meyer function……Page 241
pressure recovery……Page 242
Proca equation……Page 243
pseudopotential……Page 244
pyrometer……Page 245
quantized Hall effect……Page 246
quantum detection……Page 247
quantum jump……Page 248
quantum phase operator……Page 249
quarter-wave plate……Page 250
quenching……Page 251
q-value (magnetic q-value)……Page 252
radiation temperature……Page 253
Raman instability……Page 254
Rankine propeller theory……Page 255
Rarita–Schwinger equation……Page 256
Rayleigh flow……Page 257
ray tracing……Page 258
reduced density matrix……Page 259
Regge poles……Page 260
representation……Page 261
resonance fluorescence……Page 262
Reynolds averaging……Page 263
Reynolds transport theorem……Page 264
rippling mode……Page 265
runaway electrons……Page 266
Rydberg states……Page 267
Saha–Boltzmann distribution……Page 268
Sasaki–Shibuya effect……Page 269
scalar potential……Page 270
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)……Page 271
Schottky barrier……Page 272
Schrödinger representation……Page 273
scrape-off layer (SOL)……Page 274
second order susceptibility……Page 275
self-assembly……Page 276
separation……Page 278
shape vibrations of nuclei……Page 279
shell model (structures)……Page 280
shock tube……Page 281
Shubnikov–DeHaas effect……Page 282
single electronics……Page 283
Snell’s law……Page 285
solar corona……Page 286
soliton……Page 287
space group……Page 288
spectral degree of coherence……Page 289
spin matrix……Page 290
split gate electrode……Page 291
squeezing spectrum……Page 292
Stanford linear accelerator center (SLAC)……Page 293
Stark effect……Page 294
stellarator……Page 295
stoke……Page 296
stopping power……Page 297
Stranski–Krastanow growth……Page 298
strong interaction forces……Page 299
subrange, inertial……Page 300
superconductivity……Page 301
superheavy elements……Page 302
super-Poissonian statistics……Page 303
supersonic flow……Page 304
surface states……Page 305
symmetry group……Page 306
synchrotrons……Page 307
Taylor hypothesis……Page 308
term……Page 309
thermal radiation……Page 310
thermonuclear fusion……Page 311
Thomas–Fermi equation……Page 312
thyristor……Page 313
toroidal magnetic confinement……Page 314
transit broadening……Page 315
transonic flow……Page 316
traveling wave……Page 317
tunneling……Page 318
twinning……Page 319
Tyndall effect……Page 320
unitary transformation……Page 321
URMEL……Page 322
valence nucleon……Page 323
variational method……Page 324
velocity of light……Page 325
velocity saturation……Page 326
vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL)……Page 327
vibrational spectrum……Page 328
vortex……Page 329
vorticity……Page 330
wave……Page 331
weak interactions……Page 332
Wein’s displacement law……Page 333
Wiedemann–Franz law……Page 334
Woods–Saxon potential form……Page 335
Wronskian……Page 336
X-rays……Page 337
Yukawa potential……Page 338
Zhukhovski transformation……Page 339
Z pinch……Page 340