Solaris 8 Operating Environment System Administration I

Table of contents :
Student Guide……Page 1
Course Goal……Page 21
Course Overview……Page 22
System Boot Process……Page 23
Backup and Recovery……Page 24
Module-by-Module Overview……Page 25
Course Objectives……Page 29
Skills Gained by Module……Page 30
Guidelines for Module Pacing……Page 31
Topics Not Covered……Page 32
How Prepared Are You?……Page 33
Introductions……Page 34
How to Use Course Materials……Page 35
Icons……Page 36
Typographical Conventions……Page 37
Additional Resources……Page 39
Roles of the System Administrator……Page 40
Administering Standalone Systems……Page 41
The Sun Ray 1 network appliance is an example of a thin client…….Page 43
Figure11 Example of Two Types of Hosts……Page 45
Check Your Progress……Page 47
Objectives……Page 49
Additional Resources……Page 50
Setting Up User Accounts……Page 51
Managing User Accounts……Page 52
Managing User Accounts with admintool……Page 53
Figure21 The admintool Users Window……Page 54
Figure23 Groups Database Window……Page 55
3. Enter the following information:……Page 56
Figure27 Users Window from the Browse Menu……Page 57
f. Click on the Login Shell button to specify your preferred shell…….Page 58
Table21 Password Status Choices……Page 59
Password Aging……Page 61
e. In the Warning field, type 5 …….Page 62
8. Click on OK to create the new user account…….Page 63
Figure212 The home Directory Specification……Page 64
3. From the Edit menu, select Modify…….Page 65
6. Verify that the account is locked by viewing the user account entry in the /etc/shadow file…….Page 66
Figure215 Edit Menu – Delete……Page 67
3. To delete the user, the user’s home directory and its contents from the system, click on the ………Page 68
Storing User and Group Account Information……Page 69
nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x Nobody:/:……Page 70
Table23 Default System Account Entries……Page 71
The /etc/shadow File……Page 73
The /etc/group File……Page 75
Creating and Managing Accounts from the Command-line……Page 77
Options……Page 78
# useradd -u 100 -g other -d /export/home/newuser1 -m -s /bin/ksh -c “Regular User Account” newuser1……Page 79
# usermod -d /export/home/guest1 -m -l guest1 newuser1……Page 80
Examples……Page 81
# groupadd -g 301 class1……Page 82
# groupmod -g 400 class……Page 83
# groupdel class1……Page 84
Task Summary……Page 85
3. From the Browse menu, select Users. From the Edit menu, select Add. Use this panel to create ………Page 86
6. You used the same password for user3 through user5. Are the password strings the same in /etc………Page 87
12. Run admintool. Select user5 from the list of users. Select the Modify item from the Edit men………Page 88
21. Verify the commands in Steps 19 and 20 have correctly modified the /etc/group file…….Page 89
Exercise Summary……Page 90
9. Attempt to log in as cleared1. What happens? Attempt to use the password abcdefg. What are th………Page 91
21. Verify the commands in steps 19 and 20 have correctly modified the /etc/group file…….Page 92
User Initialization Files……Page 93
Table24 Initialization Files for the Six Shells……Page 94
Table25 Shell Variables……Page 95
setenv prompt “! ‘uname -n‘ % “……Page 96
Table27 Default User Initialization Files……Page 97
Task Summary……Page 98
5. Log out and log in again as user9. Select CDE. Open a terminal window…….Page 99
9. Log out and log in again as root. Use useradd to create a new user called user10. Assign user………Page 100
13. Log out and log in again as root…….Page 101
Exercise Summary……Page 102
12. Log out and log in again as user10. Verify the variables set in the login for user9 are also………Page 103
Check Your Progress……Page 104
Objectives……Page 105
Additional Resources……Page 106
Managing System Security Overview……Page 107
Recording Failed Login Attempts……Page 108
Login Device Types……Page 110
No Plan…….Page 111
rebootsystem bootMon Jan 3 16:30……Page 112
user6remotehost2:consoleFeb 22 13:419(:0)……Page 113
Command Format……Page 114
Displaying the Effective Current Username……Page 115
6. To exit the root session and return to the original user, type exit and press Return…….Page 116
5. To return to the original user status and home directory, type the following command and pres………Page 117
The sysadmin Group……Page 118
Managing User Access……Page 119
The CONSOLE Variable……Page 120
Z……Page 0
The SULOG Variable……Page 121
Restricting root Access……Page 122
The CONSOLE Variable……Page 123
The /etc/default/passwd File Variables……Page 124
Task Summary……Page 126
Tasks……Page 127
Exercise Summary……Page 131
Task Solutions……Page 132
Restricting Access to Data in Files……Page 134
Determining a User’s Group Membership……Page 135
Command Format……Page 136
Changing File Ownership……Page 137
Changing User and Group Ownership Simultaneously……Page 138
Command Format……Page 139
Special File Permissions……Page 140
The setuid Permission……Page 141
Shared Directories……Page 142
Searching for setgid Files and Directories……Page 143
Searching for Directories with a Sticky Bit Permission……Page 144
Task Summary……Page 145
Tasks……Page 146
Exercise Summary……Page 151
Task Solutions……Page 152
Access Control Lists……Page 155
ACL Entries……Page 156
Examples of Modifying ACL Entries on a File……Page 158
Determining if a File Has an ACL……Page 159
Command Format……Page 160
An Example of Setting an ACL on a File……Page 161
Another Example of Setting an ACL on a File……Page 162
Task Summary……Page 163
Tasks……Page 164
Exercise Summary……Page 168
Task Solutions……Page 169
Managing Remote Access Issues……Page 171
The /etc/hosts.equiv and $HOME/.rhosts Files……Page 172
Remote Access Authentication……Page 173
Entries in /etc/hosts.equiv and $HOME/.rhosts……Page 174
The $HOME/.rhosts File……Page 175
Restricting FTP Logins……Page 176
The /etc/shells File……Page 177
Task Summary……Page 178
Tasks……Page 179
Exercise Summary……Page 183
Task Solutions……Page 184
Check Your Progress……Page 185
Additional Resources……Page 187
The Solaris Operating Environment File Types……Page 188
Identifying File Types……Page 189
File Names, Inodes, and Data Blocks……Page 190
Regular Files……Page 191
Directories……Page 192
Symbolic Links……Page 193
Device Files……Page 195
Character Device Files……Page 196
Block Device Files……Page 197
Hard Links……Page 198
The root Subdirectories……Page 200
Tasks……Page 204
Exercise Summary……Page 208
Task Solutions……Page 209
Check Your Progress……Page 211
Additional Resources……Page 213
Physical Disk Structure……Page 214
Components of a Disk Platter……Page 216
Defining Disk Slices……Page 218
The Boot Disk……Page 219
Disk Slice Naming Convention……Page 220
Logical Device Names……Page 223
Physical Device Names……Page 224
Instance Names……Page 226
The /etc/path_to_inst File……Page 227
The prtconf Command……Page 228
The format Command……Page 230
Reconfiguring Devices……Page 231
devfsadm Options……Page 232
Adding a New Disk Device……Page 234
Adding a New Tape Drive……Page 235
Task Summary……Page 236
Tasks……Page 237
Exercise Summary……Page 240
Task Solutions……Page 241
Check Your Progress……Page 243
Additional Resources……Page 245
Disk Slices and the format Utility……Page 246
Disk Labels and Partition Tables……Page 247
Disk Partition Table……Page 248
Defining Disk Slices……Page 250
Overlapping Disk Slices……Page 251
Locations of Disk Partition Tables……Page 253
Disk Partitioning……Page 254
Locating and Using the Customized Partition Table……Page 260
Using the modify Command……Page 262
Using the Free Hog Slice……Page 264
Reading a Disk’s VTOC Using the verify Command……Page 266
Reading a Disk’s VTOC Using the prtvtoc Command……Page 267
The fmthard Command……Page 268
Task Summary……Page 269
Tasks……Page 270
Exercise Summary……Page 277
Task Solutions……Page 278
Check Your Progress……Page 279
Additional Resources……Page 281
Disk-Based File System……Page 282
Pseudo File System……Page 283
Introducing the Solaris Operating Environment ufs File System……Page 284
Backup Superblocks……Page 286
Cylinder Groups……Page 288
Inodes……Page 289
Indirect Pointers……Page 291
Data Blocks and Fragmentation……Page 292
Shadow Inode……Page 294
Creating a ufs File System……Page 295
Task Summary……Page 297
Tasks……Page 298
Exercise Summary……Page 301
Task Solutions……Page 302
Check Your Progress……Page 304
Objectives……Page 305
Additional Resources……Page 306
Working With File Systems……Page 307
The /etc/mnttab File……Page 309
The /var/run File System……Page 310
Mounting a Local File System Manually……Page 311
Using Options With the mount Command……Page 312
The /etc/vfstab File……Page 315
Checking File Systems Before Mounting……Page 317
The /usr/sbin/umount Command……Page 318
The /usr/sbin/ umountall Command……Page 319
Using the fuser Command……Page 320
Using the umount -f Command……Page 321
Procedure for Mounting a New File System……Page 322
Accessing Mounted Diskettes and CD-ROMs……Page 323
Administering Volume Management……Page 324
Accessing a Diskette or CD-ROM Without Volume Management……Page 325
Specifying a pcfs File System Type……Page 327
Finding a File System’s Type……Page 328
The fstyp Command……Page 329
Task Summary……Page 330
Tasks……Page 331
Exercise Summary……Page 334
Task Solutions……Page 335
Check Your Progress……Page 336
Additional Resources……Page 337
Data Inconsistencies Checked by fsck……Page 338
Phases of fsck……Page 339
Non-Interactive Mode……Page 340
Using the fsck Command……Page 341
Reconnecting an Allocated Unreferenced File……Page 343
Using Backup Superblocks……Page 344
The df Command……Page 347
The du Command……Page 348
The quot Command……Page 350
Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails……Page 352
Task Summary……Page 354
Tasks……Page 355
Exercise Summary……Page 358
Task Solutions……Page 359
Check Your Progress……Page 360
Additional Resources……Page 361
Viewing Processes and PIDs……Page 362
CDE Process Manager……Page 363
The prstat Command……Page 365
The crontab Command……Page 367
The crontab File Format……Page 368
crontab for the root User……Page 369
Controlling crontab Access……Page 370
Removing a crontab File……Page 371
Options……Page 372
Denying at Access……Page 373
Allowing at Access……Page 374
Task Summary……Page 375
Tasks……Page 376
Exercise Summary……Page 379
Task Solutions……Page 380
Check Your Progress……Page 381
Objectives……Page 383
Additional Resources……Page 384
Print Management Tools……Page 385
Types of Printer Configurations……Page 386
LP Print Service Functions……Page 387
Print Server Requirements……Page 389
Starting the Solaris Print Manager……Page 391
Configuring a New Network Printer……Page 393
Examples of Specifying a Destination Printer……Page 400
Submitting a Print Request POSIX Style……Page 401
Locating the Destination Printer……Page 402
The LP Print Service Directory Structure……Page 404
The /usr/lib/lp Directory……Page 405
The /etc/lp Directory……Page 407
The /var/lp/logs Directory……Page 408
The /usr/lib/lpsched Daemon……Page 409
The lpNet Daemon……Page 410
The Local Print Process……Page 411
Remote Printing in a Solaris 2.6 to Solaris 8 Operating Environment……Page 413
Remote Printing in a Solaris 2.0 to Solaris 2.5.1 Environment……Page 415
LP Print Service Commands……Page 416
Using the reject Command to Prevent Queuing……Page 417
Using the disable Command to Deactivate a Printer……Page 418
The lpmove Command……Page 419
Configuring the LP Print Service Using lpadmin Command……Page 420
Printer Priority Within a Class……Page 421
Creating a Printer Class……Page 422
Setting or Changing a System’s Default Printer……Page 423
Manually Removing a Printer’s Configuration……Page 424
Halting and Restarting the LP Print Service……Page 425
Task Summary……Page 426
Tasks……Page 427
Exercise Summary……Page 430
Check Your Progress……Page 431
Objectives……Page 433
The NVRAM Component……Page 434
The OpenBoot Goal……Page 436
Systems Containing Multiple System Boards……Page 438
Halting the Solaris Operating Environment……Page 440
The banner Command……Page 442
Options……Page 443
The help Command……Page 444
The printenv Command……Page 445
The reset Command……Page 447
The set-defaults Command……Page 448
Device Tree……Page 449
To View Device Path Names……Page 451
Boot Disk Device Path Example……Page 452
A probe- Warning Message……Page 453
The probe-scsi-all Command……Page 454
The probe-ide Command……Page 455
Identifying the System’s Boot Device……Page 456
The nvalias and nvunalias Commands……Page 457
The nvedit Command……Page 458
Examples……Page 460
Interrupting an Unresponsive System……Page 461
Task Summary……Page 462
Tasks……Page 463
Exercise Summary……Page 468
Task Solutions……Page 469
Check Your Progress……Page 471
Objectives……Page 473
Additional Resources……Page 474
The Solaris Operating Environment Run Levels……Page 475
Determining a System’s Current Run Level……Page 476
The Boot Process……Page 477
Boot Programs Phase……Page 479
The kernel Initialization Phase……Page 480
Configuring the kernel……Page 482
Sample /etc/system File……Page 484
The init Phase……Page 486
The /etc/inittab File……Page 487
Default /etc/inittab File……Page 489
The init Process……Page 490
The /sbin Directory……Page 492
The /etc/rc#.d Directories……Page 493
The /etc/init.d Directory……Page 494
Summary of Run Control Scripts and Functions……Page 495
Creating a New Run Control Script……Page 496
The /sbin/init Command……Page 498
The /usr/sbin/shutdown Command……Page 499
The /usr/sbin/poweroff Command……Page 500
The /usr/sbin/reboot Command……Page 501
Task Summary……Page 502
Tasks……Page 503
Exercise Summary……Page 506
Task Solutions……Page 507
Check Your Progress……Page 508
Objectives……Page 509
The Solaris Operating Environment Software Installation Options……Page 510
Hardware Requirements of a Solaris 8 Operating Environment Installation……Page 512
International Versions of the Solaris 8 Operating Environment……Page 513
Choosing the Correct CD for Your Installation Requirements……Page 514
Software Packages……Page 515
Cluster Configurations……Page 516
The Solaris Operating Environment Software Groups……Page 517
Planning an Installation on a Standalone System……Page 519
Pre-Installation Information……Page 520
Software Installation Using Solaris Web Start……Page 522
Installing the Solaris 8 Operating Environment……Page 534
Additional Software……Page 547
Task Summary……Page 548
Tasks……Page 549
Exercise Summary……Page 553
Check Your Progress……Page 554
Additional Resources……Page 555
Software Packages……Page 556
Displaying Detailed Information for All Packages……Page 557
Displaying Information for Software Packages on CD-ROM……Page 558
Command Format……Page 560
Command Format……Page 562
Command Format……Page 563
The /var/sadm/install/contents File……Page 564
Search the Solaris Operating Environment CD-ROM for Command Information……Page 565
To Display Software Package Information……Page 566
Adding a Software Package……Page 571
Removing Packages From the Spool Directory……Page 576
Package Administration File and Directory Summary……Page 577
Tasks……Page 578
Exercise Summary……Page 582
Task Solutions……Page 583
Check Your Progress……Page 584
Additional Resources……Page 585
Patch Administration……Page 586
Patch Distribution……Page 587
World Wide Web Patch Access……Page 588
SunSolve Site……Page 589
An Additional URL for Patch Access……Page 590
The ftp Patch Access Procedure……Page 591
Downloading Patches……Page 593
Listing Patch Documents Using ftp……Page 594
The /var/sadm/patch Directory……Page 596
Preparing Patches for Installation……Page 597
Patch Contents……Page 598
The patchadd and patchrm Commands……Page 599
Installing a Patch in the Solaris 2.6 Operating Environment and Later Versions……Page 600
Installing a Patch in a Pre-Solaris 2.6 Operating Environment……Page 601
Checking Current Patch Status……Page 603
Removing a Patch from the Pre-Solaris 2.6 Operating Environments……Page 604
Tasks……Page 605
Exercise Summary……Page 608
Task Solutions……Page 609
Check Your Progress……Page 610
Additional Resources……Page 611
Importance of Regular File System Backups……Page 612
Tape Device Types……Page 613
Logical Tape Device Names……Page 614
Data Compression……Page 615
Common Options……Page 616
The /etc/dumpdates File……Page 618
Scheduling Backups……Page 619
A Sample Backup Strategy……Page 620
Determining the Number of Tapes……Page 621
Backing Up to Tape……Page 622
Command Format……Page 623
Common Options……Page 624
Preparing to Restore File Systems……Page 625
Restoring the root (/) File System……Page 626
Restoring Regular File Systems……Page 627
Invoking an Interactive Restore……Page 628
Examples of Handling Multiple Archives……Page 630
Task Summary……Page 631
Tasks……Page 632
Exercise Summary……Page 635
Task Solutions……Page 636
Check Your Progress……Page 637
New Features of the Solaris 8 Operating Environment……Page 639
Initialization Phase……Page 655
Phase 1……Page 657
Phase 2……Page 659
Phase 3……Page 664
Phase 4……Page 666
Phase 5……Page 667
Cleanup Phase……Page 668
Using Printer Vendor Supplied Tools……Page 669
Setting Up the LexMark Optra Model Network Printer……Page 670
Installing the Software Packages……Page 672
Configuring the Network Printer Software……Page 674
Setting Up an HP LaserJet 4000TN Network Printer……Page 679
Installing the HP JetAdmin Utility for UNIX……Page 680
Testing the Installation of the HP Network Printer……Page 686
Enabling Access to a Network Printer……Page 687