U.S. Department of Energy. Fundamentals Handbook. Electrical Science

The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory, terminology, and application- The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical equipment.

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Table of contents :
ABSTRACT……Page 3
FOREWORD……Page 5
OVERVIEW……Page 7
Module 7 Basic AC Theory……Page 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 15
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 16
LIST OF TABLES……Page 17
REFERENCES……Page 18
OBJECTIVES……Page 19
Development of a Sine-Wave Output……Page 21
Summary……Page 23
Effective Values……Page 24
Phase Angle……Page 27
Voltage Calculations……Page 28
Frequency Calculations……Page 29
Summary……Page 30
Module 8 Basic AC Reactive Components……Page 31
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 33
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 34
LIST OF TABLES……Page 35
REFERENCES……Page 36
OBJECTIVES……Page 37
Inductive Reactance……Page 39
Voltage and Current Phase Relationships in an Inductive Circuit……Page 40
Summary……Page 42
Capacitors……Page 43
Capacitive Reactance……Page 44
Summary……Page 46
Impedance……Page 47
Impedance in R-L Circuits……Page 49
Impedance in R-C Circuits……Page 50
Impedance in R-C-L Circuits……Page 51
Summary……Page 56
Series Resonance……Page 57
Summary……Page 58
Module 9 Basic AC Power……Page 59
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 61
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 62
LIST OF TABLES……Page 63
REFERENCES……Page 64
OBJECTIVES……Page 65
Power Triangle……Page 67
Apparent Power……Page 68
Reactive Power……Page 69
Power Factor……Page 70
Power in Series R-L Circuit……Page 71
Power in Parallel R-L Circuit……Page 72
Power in Series R-C Circuit……Page 74
Power in Parallel R-C Circuit……Page 76
Power in Parallel R-C-L Circuits……Page 80
Summary……Page 82
Three-Phase Systems……Page 83
Power in Balanced 3{phi} Loads……Page 85
Unbalanced 3{phi} Loads……Page 89
Summary……Page 92
Module 10 AC Generators……Page 93
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 95
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 96
LIST OF TABLES……Page 97
REFERENCES……Page 98
OBJECTIVES……Page 99
Prime Mover……Page 101
Stator……Page 102
Slip Rings……Page 103
Summary……Page 104
Theory of Operation……Page 105
Losses in an AC Generator……Page 106
Efficiency……Page 107
Summary……Page 108
Ratings……Page 109
Types of AC Generators……Page 110
Three-Phase AC Generators……Page 111
AC Generator Connections……Page 112
Summary……Page 114
Module 11 Voltage Regulators……Page 115
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 117
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 118
LIST OF TABLES……Page 119
REFERENCES……Page 120
OBJECTIVES……Page 121
Block Diagram Description……Page 123
Amplification Circuit……Page 124
Changing Output Voltage……Page 125
Summary……Page 126