U.S. Department of Energy. Fundamentals Handbook. Electrical Science

The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory, terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical equipment.

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Table of contents :
ABSTRACT……Page 3
FOREWORD……Page 5
OVERVIEW……Page 7
ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Module 1 Basic Electrical Theory……Page 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 15
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 18
LIST OF TABLES……Page 20
REFERENCES……Page 21
OBJECTIVES……Page 22
The Atom……Page 25
Electrostatic Force……Page 26
Electrostatic Field……Page 27
Potential Difference……Page 29
Free Electrons……Page 30
Summary……Page 32
Resistors……Page 33
Current……Page 34
Summary……Page 36
Voltage……Page 37
Ohm’s Law……Page 38
Power……Page 40
Capacitance……Page 41
Summary……Page 42
Electrochemistry……Page 43
Static Electricity……Page 44
Piezoelectric Effect……Page 45
Thermoelectricity……Page 46
Photoelectric Effect……Page 47
Thermionic Emission……Page 48
Summary……Page 50
Magnetism……Page 51
Magnetic Flux Density……Page 53
Magnetic Materials……Page 54
Polarity of a Single Conductor……Page 55
Magnetic Field and Polarity of a Coil……Page 56
Magnetomotive Force……Page 57
Field Intensity……Page 58
Reluctance……Page 59
Summary……Page 60
Magnetic Circuits……Page 61
BH Magnetization Curve……Page 63
Hysteresis……Page 64
Magnetic Induction……Page 65
Faraday’s Law of Induced Voltage……Page 66
Lenz’s Law……Page 67
Summary……Page 68
Symbols……Page 69
Summary……Page 71
Appendix A Metric System and Powers of Ten……Page 73
Metric System……Page 75
Metric Prefixes……Page 77
Powers of Ten……Page 78
ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Module 2 Basic DC Theory……Page 85
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 87
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 89
LIST OF TABLES……Page 92
REFERENCES……Page 93
OBJECTIVES……Page 94
Batteries……Page 97
DC Generator……Page 98
Thermocouples……Page 99
Forward Bias……Page 101
Reverse Bias……Page 103
Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit……Page 104
Full-Wave Rectifier Circuit……Page 105
Summary……Page 107
Schematic Diagram……Page 108
One-Line Diagram……Page 109
Block Diagram……Page 110
Wiring Diagram……Page 111
Resistivity……Page 112
Temperature Coefficient of Resistance……Page 113
Electric Circuit……Page 114
Series Circuit……Page 116
Equivalent Resistance……Page 117
Summary……Page 118
Series Resistance……Page 119
Parallel Currents……Page 125
Resistance in Parallel……Page 128
Simplified Formulas……Page 130
Voltage Divider……Page 132
Current Division……Page 134
Summary……Page 135
Polarities……Page 136
Summary……Page 137
Kirchhoff’s Laws……Page 138
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law……Page 139
Applying Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law……Page 140
Kirchhoff’s Current Law……Page 141
Summary……Page 144
Loop Equations……Page 145
Node Equations……Page 150
Series-Parallel Circuit Analysis……Page 154
Y and Delta Network Calculation……Page 156
Summary……Page 161
Open Circuit (Series)……Page 162
Open Circuit (Parallel)……Page 163
Short Circuit (Parallel)……Page 164
Summary……Page 165