Chemical Engineering

J H Harker, J.F. Richardson, J R Backhurst9780750644457, 0750644451

Chemical Engineering Volume 2 covers the properties of particulate systems, including the character of individual particles and their behaviour in fluids. Sedimentation of particles, both singly and at high concentrations, flow in packed and fluidised beads and filtration are then examined.The latter part of the book deals with separation processes, such as distillation and gas absorption, which illustrate applications of the fundamental principles of mass transfer introduced in Chemical Engineering Volume 1. In conclusion, several techniques of growing importance – adsorption, ion exchange, chromatographic and membrane separations, and process intensification – are described.* A logical progression of chemical engineering concepts, volume 2 builds on fundamental principles contained in Chemical Engineering volume 1 and these volumes are fully cross-referenced* Reflects the growth in complexity and stature of chemical engineering over the last few years* Supported with further reading at the end of each chapter and graded problems at the end of the book

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Table of contents :
Preface to the Fifth Edition……Page 14
Preface to the Fourth Edition……Page 16
Preface to the 1983 Reprint of the Third Edition……Page 18
Preface to Third Edition……Page 19
Preface to Second Edition……Page 20
Preface to First Edition……Page 21
Acknowledgements……Page 22
INTRODUCTION……Page 24
1.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 27
1.2. PARTICLE CHARACTERISATION……Page 28
1.3. PARTICULATE SOLIDS IN BULK……Page 48
1.4. BLENDING OF SOLID PARTICLES……Page 56
1.5. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID PARTICLES……Page 63
1.6. SEPARATION OF SUSPENDED SOLID PARTICLES FROM FLUIDS……Page 93
1.7. FURTHER READING……Page 117
1.8. REFERENCES……Page 118
1.9. NOMENCLATURE……Page 119
2.2. SIZE REDUCTION OF SOLIDS……Page 121
2.3. TYPES OF CRUSHING EQUIPMENT……Page 132
2.4. SIZE ENLARGEMENT OF PARTICLES……Page 163
2.6. REFERENCES……Page 169
2.7. NOMENCLATURE……Page 170
3.2. FLOW PAST A CYLINDER AND A SPHERE……Page 172
3.3. THE DRAG FORCE ON A SPHERICAL PARTICLE……Page 175
3.4. NON-SPHERICAL PARTICLES……Page 190
3.5. MOTION OF BUBBLES AND DROPS……Page 194
3.6. DRAG FORCES AND SETTLING VELOCITIES FOR PARTICLES IN NON- NEWTONIAN FLUIDS……Page 195
3.7. ACCELERATING MOTION OF A PARTICLE IN THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD……Page 199
3.8. MOTION OF PARTICLES IN A CENTRIFUGAL FIELD……Page 211
3.9. FURTHER READING……Page 213
3.10. REFERENCES……Page 214
3.11. NOMENCLATURE……Page 215
4.2. FLOW OF A SINGLE FLUID THROUGH A GRANULAR BED……Page 217
4.3. DISPERSION……Page 231
4.4. HEAT TRANSFER IN PACKED BEDS……Page 237
4.5. PACKED COLUMNS……Page 238
4.7. REFERENCES……Page 258
4.8. NOMENCLATURE……Page 260
5.2. SEDIMENTATION OF FINE PARTICLES……Page 263
5.3. SEDIMENTATION OF COARSE PARTICLES……Page 293
5.5. REFERENCES……Page 312
5.6. NOMENCLATURE……Page 314
6.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUIDISED SYSTEMS……Page 317
6.2. LIQUID-SOLIDS SYSTEMS……Page 328
6.3. GAS-SOLIDS SYSTEMS……Page 341
6.4. GAS-LIQUID SOLIDS FLUIDISED BEDS……Page 359
6.5. HEAT TRANSFER TO A BOUNDARY SURFACE……Page 360
6.6. MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN FLUID AND PARTICLES……Page 369
6.7. SUMMARY OF THE PROPERTIES OF FLUIDISED BEDS……Page 383
6.8. APPLICATIONS OF THE FLUIDISED SOLIDS TECHNIQUE……Page 384
6.10. REFERENCES……Page 390
6.11. NOMENCLATURE……Page 395
7.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 398
7.2. FILTRATION THEORY……Page 400
7.3. FILTRATION PRACTICE……Page 408
7.4. FILTRATION EQUIPMENT……Page 413
7.5. FURTHER READING……Page 460
7.7. NOMENCLATURE……Page 461
8.2. CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBRANE PROCESSES……Page 463
8.3. THE NATURE OF SYNTHETIC MEMBRANES……Page 464
8.5. CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION……Page 468
8.6. ULTRAFILTRATION……Page 472
8.7. REVERSE OSMOSIS……Page 478
8.8. MEMBRANE MODULES AND PLANT CONFIGURATION……Page 481
8.9. MEMBRANE FOULING……Page 490
8.10. ELECTRODIALYSIS……Page 491
8.11. REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER TREATMENT PLANT……Page 493
8.12. PERVAPORATION……Page 495
8.13. LIQUID MEMBRANES……Page 497
8.15. FURTHER READING……Page 498
8.16. REFERENCES……Page 499
8.17. NOMENCLATURE……Page 500
9.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 501
9.2. SHAPE OF THE FREE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID……Page 502
9.3. CENTRIFUGAL PRESSURE……Page 503
9.4. SEPARATION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES……Page 504
9.5. SEDIMENTATION IN A CENTRIFUGAL FIELD……Page 506
9.6. FILTRATION IN A CENTRIFUGE……Page 511
9.8. CENTRIFUGAL EQUIPMENT……Page 515
9.10. REFERENCES……Page 526
9.11. NOMENCLATURE……Page 527
10.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 528
10.2. MASS TRANSFER IN LEACHING OPERATIONS……Page 529
10.3. EQUIPMENT FOR LEACHING……Page 532
10.4. COUNTERCURRENT WASHING OF SOLIDS……Page 541
10.5. CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF STAGES……Page 545
10.6. NUMBER OF STAGES FOR COUNTERCURRENT WASHING BY GRAPHICAL METHODS……Page 552
10.9. NOMENCLATURE……Page 566
11.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 568
19.5. LARGEÒ SCALE ELUTION (CYCLIC BATCH) CHROMATOGRAPHY……Page 0
11.4. THE FRACTIONATING COLUMN……Page 585
11.5. CONDITIONS FOR VARYING OVERFLOW IN NON-IDEAL BINARY SYSTEMS……Page 607
11.6. BATCH DISTILLATION……Page 618
11.7. MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES……Page 625
11.8. AZEOTROPIC AND EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION……Page 642
11.9. STEAM DISTILLATION……Page 647
11.10. PLATE COLUMNS……Page 651
11.11. PACKED COLUMNS FOR DISTILLATION……Page 664
11.13. REFERENCES……Page 675
11.14. NOMENCLATURE……Page 678
12.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 682
12.2. CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN LIQUID AND GAS……Page 683
12.3. THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION……Page 684
12.4. DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS……Page 692
12.5. ABSORPTION ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL REACTION……Page 701
12.6. ABSORPTION ACCOMPANIED BY THE LIBERATION OF HEAT……Page 707
12.7. PACKED TOWERS FOR GAS ABSORPTION……Page 708
12.8. PLATE TOWERS FOR GAS ABSORPTION……Page 728
12.9. OTHER EQUIPMENT FOR GAS ABSORPTION……Page 735
12.10. FURTHER READING……Page 740
12.11. REFERENCES……Page 741
12.12. NOMENCLATURE……Page 743
13.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 747
13.2. EXTRACTION PROCESSES……Page 748
13.3. EQUILIBRIUM DATA……Page 751
13.4. CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF THEORETICAL STAGES……Page 754
13.5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT……Page 768
13.6. STAGE-WISE EQUIPMENT FOR EXTRACTION……Page 770
13.7. DIFFERENTIAL CONTACT EQUIPMENT FOR EXTRACTION……Page 776
13.8. USE OF SPECIALISED FLUIDS……Page 789
13.9. FURTHER READING……Page 792
13.10. REFERENCES……Page 793
13.11. NOMENCLATURE……Page 795
14.2. HEAT TRANSFER IN EVAPORATORS……Page 797
14.3. SINGLE-EFFECT EVAPORATORS……Page 804
14.4. MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPORATORS……Page 806
14.5. IMPROVED EFFICIENCY IN EVAPORATION……Page 817
14.6. EVAPORATOR OPERATION……Page 828
14.7. EQUIPMENT FOR EVAPORATION……Page 831
14.9. REFERENCES……Page 849
14.10. NOMENCLATURE……Page 851
15.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 853
15.2. CRYSTALLISATION FUNDAMENTALS……Page 854
15.3. CRYSTALLISATION FROM SOLUTIONS……Page 879
15.4. CRYSTALLISATION FROM MELTS……Page 894
15.5. CRYSTALLISATION FROM VAPOURS……Page 901
15.6. FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLISATION……Page 911
15.7. FREEZE CRYSTALLISATION……Page 914
15.8. HIGH PRESSURE CRYSTALLISATION……Page 916
15.9. FURTHER READING……Page 919
15.10. REFERENCES……Page 920
15.11. NOMENCLATURE……Page 923
16.2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES……Page 927
16.3. RATE OF DRYING……Page 930
16.4. THE MECHANISM OF MOISTURE MOVEMENT DURING DRYING……Page 938
16.5. DRYING EQUIPMENT……Page 944
16.6. SPECIALISED DRYING METHODS……Page 983
16.7. THE DRYING OF GASES……Page 989
16.8. FURTHER READING……Page 990
16.9. REFERENCES……Page 991
16.10. NOMENCLATURE……Page 993
17.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 996
17.2. THE NATURE OF ADSORBENTS……Page 1000
17.3. ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA……Page 1005
17.4. MULTICOMPONENT ADSORPTION……Page 1019
17.6. STRUCTURE OF ADSORBENTS……Page 1020
17.7. KINETIC EFFECTS……Page 1028
17.8. ADSORPTION EQUIPMENT……Page 1034
17.9. REGENERATION OF SPENT ADSORBENT……Page 1052
17.11. REFERENCES……Page 1073
17.12. NOMENCLATURE……Page 1075
18.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 1079
18.3. RESIN CAPACITY……Page 1080
18.4. EQUILIBRIUM……Page 1082
18.5. EXCHANGE KINETICS……Page 1086
18.6. ION EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT……Page 1092
18.8. REFERENCES……Page 1099
18.9. NOMENCLATURE……Page 1100
19.1. INTRODUCTION……Page 1102
19.2. ELUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY……Page 1103
19.3. BAND BROADENING AND SEPARATION EFFICIENCY……Page 1106
19.4. TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY……Page 1109
19.6. SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS……Page 1119
19.7. SIMULATED COUNTERCURRENT TECHNIQUES……Page 1122
19.8. COMBINED REACTION AND SEPARATION……Page 1124
19.9. COMPARISON WITH OTHER SEPARATION METHODS……Page 1125
19.11. REFERENCES……Page 1126
19.12. NOMENCLATURE……Page 1129
20.1. PRODUCT DESIGN……Page 1130
20.2. PROCESS INTENSIFICATION……Page 1136
20.4. REFERENCES……Page 1160
Appendix……Page 1162
A1. STEAM TABLES……Page 1163
A2. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SOME COMMON SI UNITS……Page 1172
Problems……Page 1174