Lorentz D.
Table of contents :
Contents……Page 3
Documentation Accessibility……Page 21
Conventions……Page 22
Oracle Database 10g Release 2 New Features in the SQL Reference……Page 23
Oracle Database 10g Release 1 New Features in the SQL Reference……Page 25
SQL Standards……Page 31
How SQL Works……Page 32
Lexical Conventions……Page 33
Tools Support……Page 34
Datatypes……Page 35
Oracle Built-in Datatypes……Page 40
CHAR Datatype……Page 42
VARCHAR2 Datatype……Page 43
NUMBER Datatype……Page 44
Floating-Point Numbers……Page 45
BINARY_DOUBLE……Page 46
Numeric Precedence……Page 47
Using Julian Days……Page 50
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Datatype……Page 51
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH Datatype……Page 52
Datetime/Interval Arithmetic……Page 53
Support for Daylight Saving Times……Page 55
Datetime and Interval Examples……Page 56
RAW and LONG RAW Datatypes……Page 57
BLOB Datatype……Page 60
Restricted Rowids……Page 61
UROWID Datatype……Page 62
ANSI, DB2, and SQL/DS Datatypes……Page 63
Object Types……Page 64
Nested Tables……Page 65
ANYDATASET……Page 66
URI Datatypes……Page 67
Spatial Types……Page 68
Media Types……Page 69
SI_Texture……Page 70
Character Values……Page 71
Implicit and Explicit Data Conversion……Page 74
Implicit Data Conversion……Page 75
Explicit Data Conversion……Page 77
Literals……Page 78
Text Literals……Page 79
Integer Literals……Page 80
NUMBER and Floating-Point Literals……Page 81
Datetime Literals……Page 83
Interval Literals……Page 85
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH……Page 86
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND……Page 87
Format Models……Page 88
Number Format Models……Page 89
Number Format Elements……Page 90
Datetime Format Models……Page 92
Punctuation and Character Literals in Datetime Format Models……Page 93
ISO Standard Date Format Elements……Page 96
RR Datetime Format Examples……Page 97
Format Model Modifiers……Page 98
Format Model Examples……Page 99
XML Format Model……Page 101
Nulls……Page 102
Nulls in Conditions……Page 103
Comments Within SQL Statements……Page 104
Using Hints……Page 105
APPEND Hint……Page 109
CURSOR_SHARING_EXACT Hint……Page 110
DYNAMIC_SAMPLING Hint……Page 111
FULL Hint……Page 112
INDEX Hint……Page 113
INDEX_DESC Hint……Page 114
INDEX_SS Hint……Page 115
INDEX_SS_DESC Hint……Page 116
MODEL_MIN_ANALYSIS Hint……Page 117
NO_EXPAND Hint……Page 118
NO_INDEX_FFS Hint……Page 119
NO_PARALLEL Hint……Page 120
NO_PUSH_SUBQ Hint……Page 121
NO_UNNEST Hint……Page 122
NO_XML_QUERY_REWRITE Hint……Page 123
PARALLEL Hint……Page 124
PQ_DISTRIBUTE Hint……Page 125
PUSH_PRED Hint……Page 126
QB_NAME Hint……Page 127
STAR_TRANSFORMATION Hint……Page 128
USE_CONCAT Hint……Page 129
USE_NL Hint……Page 130
Schema Objects……Page 131
Schema Object Naming Rules……Page 132
Schema Object Naming Examples……Page 135
Syntax for Schema Objects and Parts in SQL Statements……Page 136
How Oracle Database Resolves Schema Object References……Page 137
Database Link Names……Page 138
Referring to Database Links……Page 139
Referring to Partitioned Tables and Indexes……Page 140
Referring to Object Type Attributes and Methods……Page 141
CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE Pseudocolumn……Page 143
LEVEL Pseudocolumn……Page 144
Where to Use Sequence Values……Page 145
How to Use Sequence Values……Page 146
Version Query Pseudocolumns……Page 147
COLUMN_VALUE Pseudocolumn……Page 148
OBJECT_VALUE Pseudocolumn……Page 149
ROWID Pseudocolumn……Page 150
ROWNUM Pseudocolumn……Page 151
XMLDATA Pseudocolumn……Page 152
About SQL Operators……Page 153
Operator Precedence……Page 154
Concatenation Operator……Page 155
Multiset Operators……Page 157
MULTISET EXCEPT……Page 158
MULTISET INTERSECT……Page 159
MULTISET UNION……Page 160
User-Defined Operators……Page 161
SQL Functions……Page 163
Character Functions Returning Character Values……Page 165
Datetime Functions……Page 166
Conversion Functions……Page 167
Data Mining Functions……Page 168
NULL-Related Functions……Page 169
Aggregate Functions……Page 170
Analytic Functions……Page 171
Object Reference Functions……Page 176
ABS……Page 177
ADD_MONTHS……Page 178
APPENDCHILDXML……Page 179
ASCII……Page 180
ATAN……Page 181
AVG……Page 182
BFILENAME……Page 183
BIN_TO_NUM……Page 184
BITAND……Page 185
CAST……Page 186
CHARTOROWID……Page 189
CHR……Page 190
CLUSTER_ID……Page 191
CLUSTER_PROBABILITY……Page 192
CLUSTER_SET……Page 194
COALESCE……Page 196
COLLECT……Page 197
CONCAT……Page 198
CONVERT……Page 199
CORR……Page 200
CORR_*……Page 201
CORR_S……Page 202
COS……Page 203
COUNT……Page 204
COVAR_POP……Page 206
COVAR_SAMP……Page 207
CUME_DIST……Page 208
CURRENT_DATE……Page 209
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP……Page 210
CV……Page 211
DBTIMEZONE……Page 212
DECODE……Page 213
DECOMPOSE……Page 214
DELETEXML……Page 215
DENSE_RANK……Page 216
DEPTH……Page 217
DEREF……Page 218
DUMP……Page 219
EXISTSNODE……Page 220
EXP……Page 221
EXTRACT (datetime)……Page 222
EXTRACT (XML)……Page 224
FEATURE_ID……Page 225
FEATURE_SET……Page 227
FEATURE_VALUE……Page 229
FIRST……Page 230
FIRST_VALUE……Page 232
FROM_TZ……Page 233
GROUP_ID……Page 234
GROUPING……Page 235
GROUPING_ID……Page 236
HEXTORAW……Page 237
INSERTCHILDXML……Page 238
INSERTXMLBEFORE……Page 240
INSTR……Page 241
ITERATION_NUMBER……Page 242
LAG……Page 243
LAST……Page 244
LAST_VALUE……Page 245
LEAD……Page 247
LENGTH……Page 248
LN……Page 249
LNNVL……Page 250
LOCALTIMESTAMP……Page 251
LOWER……Page 252
LTRIM……Page 253
MAKE_REF……Page 254
MAX……Page 255
MEDIAN……Page 256
MIN……Page 258
MOD……Page 259
NANVL……Page 260
NCHR……Page 261
NEW_TIME……Page 262
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN……Page 263
NLS_CHARSET_NAME……Page 264
NLS_INITCAP……Page 265
NLSSORT……Page 266
NTILE……Page 268
NULLIF……Page 269
NUMTODSINTERVAL……Page 270
NUMTOYMINTERVAL……Page 271
NVL……Page 272
NVL2……Page 273
PATH……Page 274
PERCENT_RANK……Page 275
PERCENTILE_CONT……Page 276
PERCENTILE_DISC……Page 278
POWERMULTISET……Page 280
POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY……Page 281
PREDICTION……Page 282
PREDICTION_COST……Page 284
PREDICTION_DETAILS……Page 285
PREDICTION_PROBABILITY……Page 286
PREDICTION_SET……Page 288
PRESENTNNV……Page 290
PRESENTV……Page 291
PREVIOUS……Page 292
RANK……Page 293
RAWTOHEX……Page 295
REF……Page 296
REFTOHEX……Page 297
REGEXP_INSTR……Page 298
REGEXP_REPLACE……Page 300
REGEXP_SUBSTR……Page 302
REGR_ (Linear Regression) Functions……Page 304
REMAINDER……Page 308
REPLACE……Page 309
ROUND (number)……Page 310
ROW_NUMBER……Page 311
RPAD……Page 313
RTRIM……Page 314
SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP……Page 315
SET……Page 316
SIGN……Page 317
SINH……Page 318
SOUNDEX……Page 319
STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST……Page 320
STATS_CROSSTAB……Page 321
STATS_F_TEST……Page 322
STATS_KS_TEST……Page 323
STATS_MODE……Page 324
STATS_MW_TEST……Page 325
STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA……Page 326
STATS_T_TEST_*……Page 328
STATS_T_TEST_INDEP and STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU……Page 329
STDDEV……Page 331
STDDEV_POP……Page 332
STDDEV_SAMP……Page 334
SUBSTR……Page 335
SUM……Page 336
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH……Page 337
SYS_CONTEXT……Page 338
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC……Page 343
SYS_TYPEID……Page 344
SYS_XMLAGG……Page 345
SYS_XMLGEN……Page 346
SYSTIMESTAMP……Page 347
TANH……Page 348
TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN……Page 349
TO_BINARY_DOUBLE……Page 350
TO_BINARY_FLOAT……Page 351
TO_CHAR (character)……Page 352
TO_CHAR (datetime)……Page 353
TO_CHAR (number)……Page 354
TO_DATE……Page 356
TO_DSINTERVAL……Page 357
TO_MULTI_BYTE……Page 358
TO_NCHAR (character)……Page 359
TO_NCHAR (number)……Page 360
TO_NUMBER……Page 361
TO_SINGLE_BYTE……Page 362
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ……Page 363
TO_YMINTERVAL……Page 364
TRANSLATE……Page 365
TRANSLATE … USING……Page 366
TREAT……Page 367
TRIM……Page 368
TRUNC (number)……Page 369
TZ_OFFSET……Page 370
UNISTR……Page 371
UPDATEXML……Page 372
USER……Page 373
USERENV……Page 374
VALUE……Page 375
VAR_POP……Page 376
VAR_SAMP……Page 377
VARIANCE……Page 378
WIDTH_BUCKET……Page 379
XMLAGG……Page 381
XMLCDATA……Page 382
XMLCOLATTVAL……Page 383
XMLCONCAT……Page 384
XMLELEMENT……Page 385
XMLFOREST……Page 387
XMLPARSE……Page 388
XMLQUERY……Page 389
XMLSEQUENCE……Page 391
XMLTABLE……Page 393
XMLTRANSFORM……Page 395
ROUND and TRUNC Date Functions……Page 396
User-Defined Functions……Page 397
Name Precedence……Page 398
Naming Conventions……Page 399
About SQL Expressions……Page 401
Simple Expressions……Page 403
Compound Expressions……Page 404
CASE Expressions……Page 405
CURSOR Expressions……Page 406
Datetime Expressions……Page 408
Function Expressions……Page 409
Object Access Expressions……Page 410
Model Expressions……Page 411
Type Constructor Expressions……Page 413
Expression Lists……Page 415
About SQL Conditions……Page 417
Condition Precedence……Page 419
Comparison Conditions……Page 420
Simple Comparison Conditions……Page 421
Group Comparison Conditions……Page 422
Logical Conditions……Page 423
IS ANY Condition……Page 425
IS PRESENT Condition……Page 426
IS EMPTY Condition……Page 427
MEMBER Condition……Page 428
SUBMULTISET Condition……Page 429
LIKE Condition……Page 430
REGEXP_LIKE Condition……Page 433
Range Conditions……Page 434
EQUALS_PATH Condition……Page 435
UNDER_PATH Condition……Page 436
IN Condition……Page 437
IS OF type Condition……Page 439
8 Common SQL DDL Clauses……Page 441
allocate_extent_clause……Page 442
constraint……Page 444
deallocate_unused_clause……Page 466
file_specification……Page 468
logging_clause……Page 476
parallel_clause……Page 479
physical_attributes_clause……Page 481
size_clause……Page 484
storage_clause……Page 485
About Queries and Subqueries……Page 493
Hierarchical Queries……Page 494
Hierarchical Query Examples……Page 497
The UNION [ALL], INTERSECT, MINUS Operators……Page 499
Sorting Query Results……Page 501
Equijoins……Page 502
Outer Joins……Page 503
Using Subqueries……Page 505
Unnesting of Nested Subqueries……Page 506
Distributed Queries……Page 507
Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements……Page 509
Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements……Page 510
How the SQL Statement Chapters are Organized……Page 511
ALTER CLUSTER……Page 513
ALTER DATABASE……Page 517
ALTER DIMENSION……Page 553
ALTER DISKGROUP……Page 556
ALTER FUNCTION……Page 569
ALTER INDEX……Page 572
ALTER INDEXTYPE……Page 590
ALTER JAVA……Page 592
11 SQL Statements: ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW to ALTER SYSTEM……Page 595
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW……Page 596
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG……Page 609
ALTER OPERATOR……Page 615
ALTER OUTLINE……Page 618
ALTER PACKAGE……Page 620
ALTER PROCEDURE……Page 623
ALTER PROFILE……Page 626
ALTER RESOURCE COST……Page 629
ALTER ROLE……Page 632
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 634
ALTER SEQUENCE……Page 637
ALTER SESSION……Page 639
Initialization Parameters and ALTER SESSION……Page 644
Session Parameters and ALTER SESSION……Page 647
ALTER SYSTEM……Page 654
Initialization Parameters and ALTER SYSTEM……Page 666
Shared Server Parameters……Page 677
12 SQL Statements: ALTER TABLE to ALTER TABLESPACE……Page 681
ALTER TABLE……Page 682
ALTER TABLESPACE……Page 759
13 SQL Statements: ALTER TRIGGER to COMMIT……Page 771
ALTER TRIGGER……Page 772
ALTER TYPE……Page 775
ALTER USER……Page 788
ALTER VIEW……Page 795
ANALYZE……Page 797
ASSOCIATE STATISTICS……Page 808
AUDIT……Page 812
CALL……Page 823
COMMENT……Page 827
COMMIT……Page 829
14 SQL Statements: CREATE CLUSTER to CREATE JAVA……Page 833
CREATE CLUSTER……Page 834
CREATE CONTEXT……Page 841
CREATE CONTROLFILE……Page 844
CREATE DATABASE……Page 850
CREATE DATABASE LINK……Page 863
CREATE DIMENSION……Page 868
CREATE DIRECTORY……Page 873
CREATE DISKGROUP……Page 875
CREATE FUNCTION……Page 879
CREATE INDEX……Page 889
CREATE INDEXTYPE……Page 912
CREATE JAVA……Page 915
15 SQL Statements: CREATE LIBRARY to CREATE SPFILE……Page 921
CREATE LIBRARY……Page 922
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW……Page 924
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG……Page 945
CREATE OPERATOR……Page 952
CREATE OUTLINE……Page 955
CREATE PACKAGE……Page 959
CREATE PACKAGE BODY……Page 963
CREATE PFILE……Page 967
CREATE PROCEDURE……Page 969
CREATE PROFILE……Page 974
CREATE RESTORE POINT……Page 980
CREATE ROLE……Page 983
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 986
CREATE SCHEMA……Page 989
CREATE SEQUENCE……Page 991
CREATE SPFILE……Page 995
16 SQL Statements: CREATE SYNONYM to CREATE TRIGGER……Page 999
CREATE SYNONYM……Page 1000
CREATE TABLE……Page 1004
CREATE TABLESPACE……Page 1059
CREATE TRIGGER……Page 1073
17 SQL Statements: CREATE TYPE to DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 1085
CREATE TYPE……Page 1086
CREATE TYPE BODY……Page 1104
CREATE USER……Page 1109
CREATE VIEW……Page 1115
DELETE……Page 1126
DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS……Page 1134
DROP CLUSTER……Page 1136
DROP CONTEXT……Page 1138
DROP DATABASE……Page 1139
DROP DATABASE LINK……Page 1140
DROP DIMENSION……Page 1141
DROP DIRECTORY……Page 1142
DROP DISKGROUP……Page 1143
DROP FUNCTION……Page 1145
DROP INDEX……Page 1147
DROP INDEXTYPE……Page 1149
DROP JAVA……Page 1150
DROP LIBRARY……Page 1151
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW……Page 1152
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG……Page 1154
DROP OPERATOR……Page 1156
DROP OUTLINE……Page 1157
DROP PACKAGE……Page 1158
DROP PROCEDURE……Page 1160
DROP PROFILE……Page 1161
DROP RESTORE POINT……Page 1162
DROP ROLE……Page 1163
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 1164
18 SQL Statements: DROP SEQUENCE to ROLLBACK……Page 1165
DROP SEQUENCE……Page 1166
DROP SYNONYM……Page 1167
DROP TABLE……Page 1169
DROP TABLESPACE……Page 1173
DROP TRIGGER……Page 1176
DROP TYPE……Page 1177
DROP TYPE BODY……Page 1179
DROP USER……Page 1180
DROP VIEW……Page 1182
EXPLAIN PLAN……Page 1184
FLASHBACK DATABASE……Page 1187
FLASHBACK TABLE……Page 1190
GRANT……Page 1196
INSERT……Page 1215
LOCK TABLE……Page 1232
MERGE……Page 1235
NOAUDIT……Page 1240
PURGE……Page 1244
RENAME……Page 1246
REVOKE……Page 1248
ROLLBACK……Page 1256
19 SQL Statements: SAVEPOINT to UPDATE……Page 1259
SAVEPOINT……Page 1260
SELECT……Page 1262
SET CONSTRAINT[S]……Page 1306
SET ROLE……Page 1308
SET TRANSACTION……Page 1310
TRUNCATE……Page 1313
UPDATE……Page 1317
Graphic Syntax Diagrams……Page 1327
Required Keywords and Parameters……Page 1328
Syntax Loops……Page 1329
Database Objects……Page 1330
ANSI Standards……Page 1331
ISO Standards……Page 1332
Oracle Compliance To Core SQL:2003……Page 1333
Oracle Support for Optional Features of SQL/Foundation:2003……Page 1338
Oracle Compliance with SQL/MED:2003……Page 1345
Oracle Compliance with SQL/XML:2005……Page 1346
Oracle Compliance with FIPS 127-2……Page 1352
Character Set Support……Page 1354
Multilingual Regular Expression Syntax……Page 1355
Regular Expression Operator Multilingual Enhancements……Page 1356
Perl-influenced Extensions in Oracle Regular Expressions……Page 1357
D Oracle Database Reserved Words……Page 1359
Using Extensible Indexing……Page 1363
Using XML in SQL Statements……Page 1370
A……Page 1375
C……Page 1378
D……Page 1383
E……Page 1388
F……Page 1390
G……Page 1391
H……Page 1392
I……Page 1393
K……Page 1396
L……Page 1397
M……Page 1399
N……Page 1401
O……Page 1403
P……Page 1406
R……Page 1409
S……Page 1412
T……Page 1421
U……Page 1424
W……Page 1426
X……Page 1427
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