Managing RAID on Linux

Derek Vadala1565927303, 9781565927308

Книга Managing RAID on Linux Managing RAID on LinuxКниги Linux Автор: Derek Vadala Год издания: 2002 Формат: pdf Издат.:O’Reilly Страниц: 262 Размер: 2 ISBN: 1-56592-730-3 Язык: Русский0 (голосов: 0) Оценка:Managing RAID on Linux covers everything system administrators need to know to put together a system that can support RAID. You will learn about the different types of RAID, along with associated technologies and issues, and how to choose the best RAID system for your needs. With a step-by-step, hands-on approach, the author guides you through the installation of either Linux software RAID or a hardware RAID card.Full DescriptionRedundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) technology is becoming a standard feature of computer systems that support mission-critical services like file sharing, mail exchange, or Web servers. RAID offers two benefits to these essential systems: improved I/O performance and fail-safe data storage. Although bandwidth problems on networks are well documented, the internal data transfer bottleneck that exists at the hardware level in each system can also leave you with perplexing performance issues. RAID is a cost-effective and easy-to-manage way to alleviate this bandwidth problem by distributing the I/O load seamlessly across multiple disks and controllers. RAID also provides uninterrupted data access through disk mirroring and parity algorithms. That means systems can remain online even during a disk or controller failure. RAID is scalable, making it robust enough for large, high-traffic sites and small, critical systems. By using RAID, system administrators can combine single disks into terabytes worth of data storage. Managing RAID on Linux covers everything system administrators need to know to put together a system that can support RAID. You will learn about the different types of RAID, along with associated technologies and issues, and how to choose the best RAID system for your needs. With a step-by-step, hands-on approach, the author guides you through the installation of either Linux software RAID or a hardware RAID card. The book shows how to build an array and optionally install a high-performance file system. Contents include:An introduction to RAID and LinuxPlanning and architecture of your RAID systemBuilding a software RAIDSoftware RAID tools and referencesBuilding a hardware RAIDPerformance and tuning of your RAID systemRAID has become the low-cost solution of choice to deal with the ever-increasing demand for data storage space. Written for system administrators, power users, tech managers, and anyone who wants to learn about RAID technology, Managing RAID on Linux sidesteps the often-confusing vendor-specific approach you ll find elsewhere to give you the straight story on RAID. Even non-Linux users will find this book full of valuable material.

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Table of contents :
Table of Contents……Page 7
Overview of the Book……Page 9
Kernels……Page 10
Conventions Used in This Book……Page 11
Acknowledgments……Page 12
Introduction……Page 15
Redundancy……Page 17
Parity……Page 18
Striping……Page 19
The RAID Levels: An Overview……Page 20
RAID-5: Distributed Parity……Page 21
RAID on Linux……Page 22
Hardware Versus Software……Page 24
Software (Kernel-Managed) RAID……Page 25
Hardware……Page 27
RAID controllers……Page 28
Outboard solutions……Page 29
Storage Area Network (SAN)……Page 30
The RAID Levels: In Depth……Page 31
RAID-0 (Striping)……Page 33
Linear Mode……Page 34
RAID-1 (Mirroring)……Page 35
RAID-4……Page 37
RAID-5……Page 38
RAID-10 (striping mirror)……Page 40
Case 1: HTTP Image Server……Page 42
Case 3: Home Use (Digital Audio, Video, and Images)……Page 43
Case 5: Video on Demand……Page 44
Hot-Spares……Page 45
Hardware Considerations……Page 46
An Organizational Overview……Page 47
Bus-width and bus-speed……Page 49
I/O Channels……Page 50
Disk Access Protocols……Page 54
The AT Attachment (ATA) and Integrated Disk Electronics (IDE)……Page 55
The drawbacks of ATA……Page 56
Bus-width and signaling rates……Page 57
Transmission types……Page 58
Speed……Page 59
Configuration……Page 60
Growth……Page 61
Other Disk Access Protocols……Page 62
Platters, tracks, sectors, and cylinders……Page 63
Actuator arm……Page 64
Maximum data throughput……Page 65
Cases, Cables, and Connectors……Page 66
Connectors……Page 68
Single connector attachment (SCA)……Page 69
Making Sense of It All……Page 70
Getting Started: Building a Software RAID……Page 73
A Brief History Lesson……Page 74
Kernel 2.4……Page 75
Installing the new kernel……Page 77
System initialization……Page 78
Kernel 2.2……Page 80
Kernel 2.0……Page 82
Summary of Kernel Upgrades……Page 83
raidtools……Page 84
raidtools-0.90……Page 85
/etc/raidtab……Page 86
mdadm……Page 87
/etc/mdadm.conf……Page 89
Examining Arrays Using /proc/mdstat……Page 90
Existing Arrays……Page 91
Reusing member disks……Page 92
Partitioning with fdisk……Page 95
Partitioning for autodetection……Page 96
Partitioning without autodetection……Page 97
Linear (Append) Mode……Page 98
RAID-0 (Striping)……Page 102
RAID-1 (Mirroring)……Page 104
RAID-4 (Dedicated Parity)……Page 107
RAID-5 (Distributed Parity)……Page 109
Hybrid Arrays……Page 111
RAID-10 (striped mirror)……Page 113
RAID-50 (striped parity)……Page 116
Finishing Touches……Page 118
The Next Step……Page 119
Kernel Options……Page 120
Deprecated Kernel Options……Page 122
/proc and Software RAID……Page 123
/proc/mdstat……Page 124
Resynchronization and reconstruction……Page 126
/proc/sys/dev/raid……Page 127
raidtools……Page 128
The /etc/raidtab File……Page 129
lsraid……Page 133
mkraid……Page 137
raidhotremove……Page 138
raidreconf……Page 139
raidstart……Page 141
raidstop……Page 142
mdadm……Page 143
Create and Build modes……Page 144
Assemble mode……Page 147
Monitor mode……Page 148
Manage and Miscellaneous modes……Page 150
/etc/mdadm.conf……Page 154
ARRAY lines……Page 155
Maintaining /etc/mdadm.conf……Page 157
Choosing a RAID Controller……Page 159
Controller Memory……Page 160
JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks)……Page 161
Preparing Controllers and Disks……Page 162
Controller Card BIOS……Page 164
System Installation……Page 165
RAID Autoconfiguration……Page 166
Write-through caching……Page 167
Controller Disk Spin-up……Page 168
Distribution support……Page 169
Partition limitations……Page 170
BIOS options……Page 171
EzAssist (RAID configuration)……Page 172
Configuring the first array……Page 173
Configuring an existing disk for standalone JBOD mode……Page 174
Converting an existing standalone disk to a mirror……Page 176
/proc/rd……Page 177
The Global Array Manager (GAM)……Page 180
Adaptec……Page 181
Adaptec I2O RAID Driver……Page 182
Configuring the kernel……Page 183
Configuring the first array……Page 184
Converting an existing standalone disk to a mirror……Page 185
The Adaptec Storage Manager……Page 187
Promise Technology……Page 188
Installing Linux onto a Promise Array……Page 189
Installation……Page 191
Configuring the ataraid Driver……Page 192
Reconfiguring LILO……Page 193
Post-Installation Array Management……Page 194
Creating an Array and Installing Linux……Page 195
3DM Disk Manager……Page 196
Downloading and installing 3DM……Page 197
LSI Logic (MegaRAID)……Page 198
Converting an Existing Standalone Disk to a Mirror……Page 199
Managing Arrays……Page 200
Filesystems……Page 201
Blocks and Inodes……Page 202
Organization……Page 203
Journaling Filesystems……Page 204
The Linux Virtual Filesystem (VFS)……Page 205
ext2 Organization……Page 206
Creating an ext2 Filesystem……Page 207
Reserved space……Page 208
RAID options……Page 209
A working example……Page 210
Patching the Kernel for ext3 Support……Page 211
Working with ext3……Page 212
Converting an ext2 Filesystem to ext3……Page 213
Using a separate journal device……Page 214
ReiserFS……Page 215
Compiling the Kernel with ReiserFS Support……Page 217
Creating a Filesystem……Page 218
Mounting the filesystem……Page 219
reiserfsck, reiserfstune, and debugreiserfs……Page 220
Patching the Kernel……Page 221
Installing the JFS Utilities……Page 222
Further Information……Page 223
Distribution Support……Page 224
Compiling the Kernel with XFS Support……Page 225
Building the XFS Utilities……Page 226
Further Information……Page 227
RAID and syslog……Page 228
Managing Disk Failures……Page 230
Automatic Failover to a Spare Disk……Page 231
Manual Disk Replacement……Page 233
Problems with Hot-Swap and Disk Replacement……Page 234
Tuning ATA Disks with hdparm……Page 235
Enabling DMA mode transfers……Page 237
32-bit I/O support……Page 238
Interrupt unmasking……Page 239
Tuning Disk Elevators……Page 240
Booting with Software RAID……Page 241
Red Hat……Page 242
Converting to Software RAID……Page 243
RAID……Page 247
Books……Page 248
Hardware RAID Controller Vendors……Page 250
Index……Page 251