World Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Correctional Systems

George Thomas Kurian9780787677367, 0-7876-7736-1, 0-7876-7737-X, 0787677388, 9780787677374, 9780787677381

First published nearly 20 years ago, this new edition updates information for the twenty-first century. The fall of the Soviet Union, burgeoning democratic countries, terrorist acts, and the rise of cybercrime and international crime provide a wealth of new subjects and statistics. The first part of the encyclopedia includes 20 multi-page overviews on topics such as ”community policing.” Inlerpol.” and ”emerging trends in terrorism.” Information presented in this section will help lay readers understand issues affecting international policing and corrections. However, the bulk of the encyclopedia is devoted to individual entries on 198 countries. This information, with its statistics, appeals to both researchers and lay readers alike. Each entry includes four major sections: ”Law Enforcement.” with information on the history of various agencies in each country, along with their structure and organization, education and training, uniforms and weapons, and police statistics: ”Human Rights.” detailing information on violations, torture, and other punishments: ”Crime.” including statistics on murder, assaults, and burglary: and ”Correctional Systems.” providing statistics on prisoner and detainee populations as well as prison conditions. Many of the country entries include a bibliography. In addition, the last part of the book contains a general bibliography arranged by topic, plus listings of police ethics codes from international. U.S.. and European agencies. This highly useful source for country police and corrections information is recommended for libraries supporting both practitioner and research collections in criminal justice and law enforcement.

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Table of contents :
Contents……Page 6
Introduction……Page 7
Acknowledgments……Page 9
List of Articles……Page 10
About the Contributors……Page 12
Chronology of International Policing……Page 16
Overviews……Page 19
General History of Policing……Page 20
European Traditions……Page 21
English Antecedents……Page 22
Asian Developments……Page 23
The Decentralized Model: American Policing……Page 25
Mounted Police Tradition……Page 26
Conclusions……Page 28
Colonial Policing……Page 30
When Did Community Policing Start?……Page 34
What Is Community Policing?……Page 35
Does Community Policing Work?……Page 37
Does Community Policing Have A Future?……Page 39
Conclusion……Page 41
Crime Rates……Page 42
Evolution of the Criminal Investigation Department……Page 45
The Development Of Forensic Science In Criminal Investigation……Page 47
Background……Page 49
The Nature Of Cybercrime……Page 50
The Future……Page 54
An Overview Of The International Organized Crime Situation……Page 56
Information Exchange And Support To International Investigations……Page 57
Expertise, Knowledge, And Training……Page 58
Conclusion……Page 59
Evolving Crime-fighting Technology……Page 60
Twenty-first-century Crime……Page 62
War-model Public Safety……Page 64
Peace-model Public Safety……Page 66
International Policing And Public Safety……Page 69
Basic Principles……Page 71
Brief History Of The Organization……Page 72
Interpol’s Decision-making Bodies……Page 74
Operational Police Support And Global Communications Network……Page 75
Interpol’s Specialized Activities……Page 76
The Evolution Of Police Leadership……Page 77
General Principles Of Effective Leadership……Page 78
Human Rights Legislation……Page 79
The Psychological And Ethical Context……Page 80
Police Leadership: Enduring Principles……Page 81
Policewomen……Page 83
Role and Place of the Police in Security Sector Reform……Page 85
Thepoliceinsecuritysectorreform And Security Sector Architecture……Page 86
Typology of Police……Page 88
Earliest Prisons……Page 93
Imprisonment As Punishment: The Penitentiary Era……Page 95
Prisons As Correctional Facilities: The Reformatory Movement……Page 99
‘‘scientific Penology,’’ Individualized Treatment, And The Medical Model……Page 101
The Balanced Model And Developments Inthelatetwentiethcentury……Page 104
North And South America……Page 106
Europe And The Middle East……Page 107
Africa……Page 108
Cross-national Correctional HealthCare Framework……Page 109
Early International Congresses……Page 111
The Role Of The United Nations And The Ippc……Page 112
The Big Four Associations……Page 113
Aviation Terrorism……Page 115
Hijacking History……Page 116
Observations Since The Early 1990s……Page 117
Summary……Page 118
Emerging Trends in Terrorism……Page 119
The Threat From Political-cause International Terrorism……Page 121
Antiabortion……Page 122
Right-wing Extremism……Page 123
The Threat By Tactic……Page 127
Terrorist Targets Of The Twenty-first Century……Page 130
The Law Enforcement Response To Modern Terrorism……Page 131
Conclusion……Page 133
Trends In Juvenile Crime……Page 135
Juvenile Justice……Page 139
Conclusion……Page 142
Transnational Organized Crime……Page 143
Criminal Markets……Page 144
Organized Crime……Page 145
Immigration……Page 146
New Challenges For Police And Policing……Page 147
International Cooperation And International Policing……Page 148
Countries (A-L)……Page 149
Law Enforcement……Page 150
Correctional System……Page 151
Law Enforcement……Page 153
Human Rights……Page 155
Correctional System……Page 156
Law Enforcement……Page 157
Correctional System……Page 158
Correctional System……Page 159
Law Enforcement……Page 161
Correctional System……Page 162
Correctional System……Page 163
Human Rights……Page 164
Correctional System……Page 165
Law Enforcement……Page 166
Crime……Page 169
Correctional System……Page 171
Law Enforcement……Page 173
Human Rights……Page 176
Crime……Page 177
Correctional System……Page 178
Law Enforcement……Page 181
Correctional System……Page 188
Law Enforcement……Page 190
Crime……Page 195
Correctional System……Page 196
Law Enforcement……Page 198
Crime……Page 201
Human Rights……Page 203
Correctional System……Page 204
Law Enforcement……Page 206
Correctional System……Page 207
Human Rights……Page 208
Correctional System……Page 209
Law Enforcement……Page 210
Correctional System……Page 211
Law Enforcement……Page 213
Correctional System……Page 214
Law Enforcement……Page 215
Crime……Page 219
Human Rights……Page 222
Correctional System……Page 223
Law Enforcement……Page 226
Crime……Page 229
Correctional System……Page 230
Law Enforcement……Page 232
Correctional System……Page 233
Correctional System……Page 234
Law Enforcement……Page 235
Correctional System……Page 236
Correctional System……Page 237
Law Enforcement……Page 238
Correctional System……Page 240
Law Enforcement……Page 242
Human Rights……Page 245
Correctional System……Page 246
Law Enforcement……Page 248
Crime……Page 253
Correctional System……Page 254
Law Enforcement……Page 255
Human Rights……Page 260
Correctional System……Page 261
Law Enforcement……Page 263
Correctional System……Page 264
Law Enforcement……Page 265
Human Rights……Page 267
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 268
Correctional System……Page 270
Law Enforcement……Page 271
Correctional System……Page 273
Law Enforcement……Page 274
Correctional System……Page 275
Law Enforcement……Page 276
Correctional System……Page 277
Law Enforcement……Page 278
Correctional System……Page 279
Law Enforcement……Page 281
Royal Canadian Mounted Police……Page 283
Ontario Provincial Police (opp)……Page 288
Su€ Reteґ Du Queґ Bec……Page 290
Correctional System……Page 291
Correctional System……Page 295
Correctional System……Page 296
Law Enforcement……Page 297
Correctional System……Page 298
Law Enforcement……Page 299
Crime……Page 300
Correctional System……Page 301
Law Enforcement……Page 303
Human Rights……Page 312
Correctional System……Page 313
Law Enforcement……Page 315
Crime……Page 319
Correctional System……Page 320
Correctional System……Page 322
Law Enforcement……Page 323
Correctional System……Page 325
Law Enforcement……Page 327
Correctional System……Page 328
Correctional System……Page 329
Law Enforcement……Page 330
Correctional System……Page 333
Law Enforcement……Page 335
Correctional System……Page 338
Law Enforcement……Page 339
Crime……Page 343
Correctional System……Page 344
Law Enforcement……Page 345
Correctional System……Page 346
Law Enforcement……Page 349
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 351
Law Enforcement……Page 352
Crime……Page 355
Correctional System……Page 356
Law Enforcement……Page 359
Crime……Page 362
Correctional System……Page 364
Most Significant Issues Facing The Country……Page 365
Correctional System……Page 367
Correctional System……Page 369
Law Enforcement……Page 371
Correctional System……Page 372
Law Enforcement……Page 373
Correctional System……Page 374
Law Enforcement……Page 375
Prison Conditions……Page 377
Law Enforcement……Page 378
Correctional System……Page 381
Law Enforcement……Page 383
Correctional System……Page 385
Correctional System……Page 386
Law Enforcement……Page 387
Correctional System……Page 388
Law Enforcement……Page 389
Uniforms And Weapons……Page 392
Crime……Page 393
Prison Conditions……Page 394
Law Enforcement……Page 397
Correctional System……Page 398
Law Enforcement……Page 401
Correctional System……Page 402
Law Enforcement……Page 403
Crime……Page 409
Correctional System……Page 410
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 411
Law Enforcement……Page 412
Crime……Page 421
Correctional System……Page 423
Correctional System……Page 426
Correctional System……Page 428
Law Enforcement……Page 429
Correctional System……Page 430
Law Enforcement……Page 431
Human Rights……Page 433
Crime……Page 435
Correctional System……Page 437
Law Enforcement……Page 440
Crime……Page 444
Correctional System……Page 446
Law Enforcement……Page 448
Correctional Systems……Page 451
Law Enforcement……Page 453
Crime……Page 460
Correctional System……Page 461
Correctional System……Page 466
Law Enforcement……Page 468
Correctional System……Page 470
Law Enforcement……Page 472
Correctional System……Page 473
Correctional System……Page 475
Law Enforcement……Page 476
Crime……Page 477
Correctional System……Page 478
Law Enforcement……Page 479
Correctional System……Page 480
Law Enforcement……Page 482
Correctional System……Page 483
Law Enforcement……Page 485
Correctional System……Page 488
Law Enforcement……Page 490
Correctional System……Page 492
Law Enforcement……Page 494
Crime……Page 498
Correctional System……Page 499
Law Enforcement……Page 500
Correctional System……Page 504
Law Enforcement……Page 506
Correctional System……Page 508
Law Enforcement……Page 510
Correctional System……Page 511
Law Enforcement……Page 513
Crime……Page 517
Correctional System……Page 518
Law Enforcement……Page 520
Human Rights……Page 523
Correctional System……Page 524
Law Enforcement……Page 526
Carabinieri Corps……Page 527
State Police……Page 530
Finance Guard……Page 531
Human Rights……Page 532
Correctional System……Page 533
Law Enforcement……Page 538
Correctional System……Page 540
Law Enforcement……Page 542
Crime……Page 549
Correctional System……Page 550
Law Enforcement……Page 553
Correctional System……Page 555
Law Enforcement……Page 557
Human Rights……Page 559
Crime……Page 560
Correctional System……Page 563
Law Enforcement……Page 565
Correctional System……Page 568
Law Enforcement……Page 570
Correctional System……Page 571
Law Enforcement……Page 572
Correctional System……Page 573
Law Enforcement……Page 574
Correctional System……Page 579
Law Enforcement……Page 583
Correctional System……Page 584
Law Enforcement……Page 586
Crime……Page 590
Correctional Systems……Page 592
Law Enforcement……Page 594
Correctional System……Page 595
Law Enforcement……Page 596
Crime……Page 600
Correctional System……Page 602
Law Enforcement……Page 604
Correctional System……Page 605
Law Enforcement……Page 606
Correctional System……Page 607
Law Enforcement……Page 609
Correctional System……Page 611
Law Enforcement……Page 613
Correctional System……Page 614
Crime……Page 615
Correctional System……Page 616
Law Enforcement……Page 617
Crime……Page 622
Correctional System……Page 623
Law Enforcement……Page 627
Correctional System……Page 629
Countries (M-Z)……Page 632
Law Enforcement……Page 633
Human Rights……Page 636
Correctional System……Page 637
Law Enforcement……Page 638
Correctional System……Page 639
Law Enforcement……Page 640
Correctional System……Page 641
Law Enforcement……Page 642
Correctional System……Page 645
Correctional System……Page 647
Correctional System……Page 648
Law Enforcement……Page 650
Correctional System……Page 651
Correctional System……Page 652
Law Enforcement……Page 654
Correctional System……Page 655
Law Enforcement……Page 656
Crime……Page 659
Correctional System……Page 660
Law Enforcement……Page 661
Crime……Page 663
Correctional System……Page 664
Crime……Page 666
Correctional System……Page 667
Law Enforcement……Page 668
Crime……Page 670
Correctional System……Page 672
Law Enforcement……Page 673
Correctional System……Page 675
Law Enforcement……Page 676
Correctional System……Page 677
Law Enforcement……Page 678
Correctional System……Page 681
Human Rights……Page 683
Correctional System……Page 684
Correctional System……Page 685
Correctional System……Page 687
Law Enforcement……Page 688
Correctional System……Page 690
Law Enforcement……Page 691
Correctional System……Page 699
Law Enforcement……Page 701
Human Rights……Page 706
Crime……Page 707
Correctional System……Page 708
Law Enforcement……Page 709
Human Rights……Page 710
Correctional System……Page 711
Correctional System……Page 712
Law Enforcement……Page 714
Correctional System……Page 720
Law Enforcement……Page 722
Crime……Page 725
Correctional System……Page 727
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 728
Law Enforcement……Page 729
Correctional System……Page 730
Law Enforcement……Page 731
Correctional System……Page 734
Correctional System……Page 736
Law Enforcement……Page 737
Correctional System……Page 738
Law Enforcement……Page 740
Correctional System……Page 741
Law Enforcement……Page 743
Correctional System……Page 744
Law Enforcement……Page 745
Crime……Page 747
Correctional System……Page 749
Law Enforcement……Page 751
Crime……Page 761
Human Rights……Page 762
Correctional System……Page 763
Law Enforcement……Page 765
Crime……Page 773
Correctional System……Page 774
Law Enforcement……Page 776
Human Rights……Page 779
Crime……Page 780
Correctional System……Page 782
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 783
Law Enforcement……Page 785
Correctional System……Page 787
Law Enforcement……Page 788
Correctional System……Page 789
Law Enforcement……Page 790
Correctional System……Page 794
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 795
Law Enforcement……Page 796
Crime……Page 801
Correctional System……Page 805
Law Enforcement……Page 808
Correctional System……Page 809
Human Rights……Page 810
Correctional Systems……Page 811
Law Enforcement……Page 812
Correctional System……Page 813
Correctional System……Page 814
Correctional System……Page 816
Correctional Systems……Page 818
Correctional System……Page 819
Law Enforcement……Page 820
Correctional System……Page 821
Law Enforcement……Page 823
Correctional System……Page 824
Law Enforcement……Page 825
Correctional System……Page 829
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 830
Law Enforcement……Page 832
Crime……Page 833
Correctional System……Page 834
Law Enforcement……Page 835
Correctional System……Page 836
Law Enforcement……Page 837
Correctional System……Page 840
Law Enforcement……Page 841
Crime……Page 844
Most Significant Issues Facing The Country……Page 845
Law Enforcement……Page 847
Human Rights……Page 851
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 852
Law Enforcement……Page 854
Correctional System……Page 855
Law Enforcement……Page 856
Correctional System……Page 858
Law Enforcement……Page 859
Correctional System……Page 861
Law Enforcement……Page 864
Correctional System……Page 867
Law Enforcement……Page 868
Correctional System……Page 870
Law Enforcement……Page 871
Human Rights……Page 872
Correctional System……Page 873
Correctional System……Page 874
Law Enforcement……Page 875
Correctional System……Page 876
Law Enforcement……Page 878
Correctional Systems……Page 880
Law Enforcement……Page 884
Human Rights……Page 888
Most Significant Issue Facing The Country……Page 890
Law Enforcement……Page 892
Correctional System……Page 893
Law Enforcement……Page 894
Correctional System……Page 896
Law Enforcement……Page 898
Human Rights……Page 900
Crime……Page 902
Correctional Systems……Page 904
Law Enforcement……Page 906
Crime……Page 907
Correctional System……Page 908
Law Enforcement……Page 909
Correctional System……Page 912
Correctional System……Page 914
Law Enforcement……Page 916
Correctional System……Page 917
Law Enforcement……Page 918
Correctional System……Page 920
Law Enforcement……Page 921
Correctional System……Page 923
Law Enforcement……Page 924
Judicial System……Page 927
Correctional System……Page 929
Law Enforcement……Page 931
Judiciary System……Page 933
Crime……Page 934
Correctional System……Page 935
Correctional System……Page 937
Law Enforcement……Page 938
Crime……Page 939
Correctional System……Page 940
Law Enforcement……Page 941
Crime……Page 948
Correctional System……Page 951
Human Rights……Page 953
Correctional System……Page 954
Law Enforcement……Page 955
Human Rights……Page 962
Crime……Page 963
Correctional System……Page 965
Law Enforcement……Page 970
Crime……Page 984
State Profiles……Page 986
City Profiles……Page 1027
Correctional System……Page 1040
Corrections Profiles For Selected States And Cities……Page 1042
Law Enforcement……Page 1081
Correctional System……Page 1082
Law Enforcement……Page 1084
Legal System……Page 1086
Correctional System……Page 1088
Law Enforcement……Page 1090
Correctional System……Page 1091
Law Enforcement……Page 1092
Crime……Page 1096
Law Enforcement……Page 1098
Correctional System……Page 1101
Law Enforcement……Page 1102
Correctional System……Page 1105
Law Enforcement……Page 1107
Correctional System……Page 1108
Law Enforcement……Page 1109
Correctional System……Page 1110
Law Enforcement……Page 1112
Correctional System……Page 1113
Appendixes……Page 1114
General Bibliography……Page 1178