Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 6-Volume Set

Metin Akay9780471249672, 047124967X

Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 6-Volume Set is a living and evolving repository of the biomedical engineering (BME) knowledge base. To represent the vast diversity of the field and its multi-and cross-disciplinary nature and serve the BME community, the scope and content is comprehensive. As a peer reviewed primer, educational material, technical reference, research and development resource, the project encompasses the ”best” in terms of its intellectual substance and rigor.

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Table of contents :
COVER……Page 1
COPYRIGHT……Page 5
PREFACE……Page 6
CONTRIBUTORS……Page 8
ACCELEROMETERS……Page 20
ADHESION OF BACTERIA……Page 24
ADHESION OF CELLS TO BIOMATERIALS……Page 35
ALLOGENEIC CELLS AND TISSUES……Page 42
ALUMINA……Page 58
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL ENGINEERING……Page 67
AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING……Page 72
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION……Page 77
ANESTHESIA MACHINES……Page 89
AORTIC STENOSIS AND SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION, MODELING OF……Page 105
ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE PROCESSING……Page 117
ARTHROSCOPIC FIXATION DEVICES……Page 128
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE……Page 140
ARTIFICIAL BLOOD……Page 149
ARTIFICIAL HEART……Page 162
ARTIFICIAL HEART VALVES……Page 176
ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY, MODELING OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN……Page 185
ASSISTIVE ROBOTICS……Page 206
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY……Page 220
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY……Page 250
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ATRIAL FLUTTER……Page 267
AUTOCORRELATION AND CROSSCORRELATION METHODS……Page 279
AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET-BASED THERAPIES……Page 302
BACK-PROPAGATION……Page 324
BATTERIES FOR IMPLANTABLE BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS……Page 331
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS……Page 340
BIOACOUSTIC SIGNALS……Page 348
BIOACTIVE BONE CEMENTS……Page 364
BIOACTIVE GLASSES AND GLASS CERAMICS……Page 373
BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS RESEARCH……Page 386
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES/KINETICS……Page 394
BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS……Page 402
BIOCOMPUTATION……Page 413
BIOELECTRICITY AND BIOMAGNETISM……Page 424
BIOENERGETICS AND SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE……Page 434
BIOHEAT TRANSFER MODEL……Page 448
BIOIMPEDANCE……Page 457
BIOINFORMATICS……Page 466
BIOLOGICAL DATABASE INTEGRATION……Page 481
BIOLOGICAL NEURAL CONTROL……Page 490
BIOLOGICAL NEURONAL NETWORKS, MODELING OF……Page 509
BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS……Page 519
BIOMEDICAL PRODUCTS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR……Page 534
BIOMEDICAL SENSORS……Page 537
BIOMEDICAL TRANSDUCERS……Page 547
BIOMETRICS……Page 556
BIOMOLECULAR LAYERS: QUANTIFICATION OF MASS AND THICKNESS……Page 567
BIO-OPTICAL SIGNALS……Page 576
BIO-OPTICS: OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF PULSE WAVE TRANSIT TIME……Page 583
BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION……Page 592
BLOOD FLOW MEASUREMENT……Page 602
BLOOD FLOW SIMULATION, PATIENT-SPECIFIC……Page 612
BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION MEASUREMENTS……Page 624
BLOOD SUBSTITUTES……Page 632
BONE, MECHANICAL TESTING OF……Page 640
BONE RESORPTION……Page 653
BRAIN FUNCTION, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF……Page 666
BULK MODULUS……Page 687
CANCER……Page 696
CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS……Page 701
CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY……Page 709
CARBYNE-CONTAINING SURFACE COATINGS……Page 720
CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS……Page 731
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA……Page 740
CARDIAC ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING……Page 749
CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY……Page 752
CARDIAC IMAGING……Page 762
CARDIAC PACEMAKERS……Page 773
CARDIAC VALVES……Page 799
CAREERS……Page 804
CARTILAGE SCAFFOLDS……Page 807
CELL ADHESION MOLECULES: CONVERSATIONAL SIGNALERS……Page 818
CELL PATTERNING……Page 825
CELL SURFACE INTERACTIONS……Page 839
CELLULAR ENGINEERING……Page 852
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMAGING……Page 861
CHAOS……Page 871
CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS……Page 878
CLINICAL TRIALS……Page 892
CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION……Page 896
COCHLEAR IMPLANTS……Page 904
COGNITIVE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY……Page 918
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS……Page 925
COHERENCE……Page 933
COMPLEXITY, SCALING, AND FRACTALS IN BIOLOGICAL SIGNALS……Page 945
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY……Page 959
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN……Page 971
COMPUTER AIDED SURGERY……Page 984
COMPUTER-ASSISTED RADIATION THERAPY (CART)……Page 989
COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY (CAR)……Page 1003
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY……Page 1012
CORTICAL BONE FRACTURE……Page 1019
DATA MINING……Page 1037
DATA VISUALIZATION……Page 1042
DEFIBRILLATION……Page 1054
DEFORMABLE OBJECTS, INTERACTIVE SIMULATION OF……Page 1061
DENTIN……Page 1070
DENTIN–ENAMEL JUNCTION OF HUMAN TEETH……Page 1080
DIABETES CARE, BIOMEDICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR……Page 1083
DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING……Page 1097
DIGITAL FILTERS……Page 1103
DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM……Page 1108
DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING……Page 1124
DNA SEQUENCING……Page 1130
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY……Page 1139
ECTOPIC ACTIVITY……Page 1155
EDUCATION……Page 1171
EEG-BASED BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE SYSTEM……Page 1175
ELASTICITY……Page 1185
ELASTICITY IMAGING……Page 1207
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IMAGING, INJECTED CURRENT……Page 1214
ELECTRIC SHOCK……Page 1224
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN CARDIAC TISSUE, MODELING OF……Page 1235
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY……Page 1245
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TECHNIQUE FOR CRYOSURGERY MONITORING……Page 1254
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY, INDUCED CURRENT……Page 1264
ELECTRICAL SAFETY……Page 1272
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG): AUTOMATED DIAGNOSIS……Page 1278
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG): INVERSE PROBLEM……Page 1294
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) MAPPING……Page 1302
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) SIGNAL PROCESSING……Page 1317
ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS……Page 1332
ELECTRODES……Page 1337
ELECTRODIAGNOSIS IN NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS……Page 1353
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)……Page 1360
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG): INVERSE PROBLEMS……Page 1374
ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY (EGG)……Page 1382
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY……Page 1396
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES……Page 1399
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG), ELECTRODES AND EQUIPMENT FOR……Page 1405
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG) MODELING……Page 1416
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG), NEEDLE……Page 1435
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG) OF PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES……Page 1446
ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD……Page 1454
ELECTROPHORESIS……Page 1462
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY……Page 1468
ELECTROPORATION……Page 1474
ENTROPY……Page 1484
EPITHELIAL PRE-CANCERS AND CANCERS, OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF……Page 1494
ETHICAL ISSUES IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH……Page 1510
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS……Page 1525
EVOKED POTENTIALS, ADAPTIVE FILTERING OF……Page 1533
EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS……Page 1538
EXERCISE HYPERPNEA……Page 1547
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY……Page 1561
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX……Page 1575
EXTRACORPOREAL ELECTRODES……Page 1596
EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION……Page 1600
EYE MOVEMENTS……Page 1616
FATIGUE……Page 1626
FIBER OPTIC SENSORS……Page 1640
FLOW IN HEALTHY AND STENOSED ARTERIES……Page 1648
FLOW MEASUREMENT……Page 1661
FORCE MEASUREMENT……Page 1683
FOREIGN BODY REACTION……Page 1689
FORWARD PROBLEM……Page 1697
FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (FES) FOR STROKE REHABILITATION……Page 1701
FUNCTIONAL OPTICAL IMAGING OF INTRINSIC SIGNALS IN CEREBRAL CORTEX……Page 1709
FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS……Page 1717
F-WAVE……Page 1733
GAIT PATTERNS……Page 1745
GAIT RETRAINING AFTER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS……Page 1757
GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES, NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION IN……Page 1767
GENETIC ALGORITHMS……Page 1778
GENOMIC NETWORKS: STATISTICAL INFERENCE FROM MICROARRAY DATA……Page 1784
HAPTIC DEVICES AND INTERFACES……Page 1793
HAPTIC INTERACTION IN MEDICAL VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS……Page 1799
HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD……Page 1808
HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV)……Page 1813
HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV): NONLINEAR HRV……Page 1824
HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV): SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING……Page 1829
HEART SOUNDS AND STETHOSCOPES……Page 1843
HEART VALVE TISSUE ENGINEERING……Page 1853
HEMODIALYSIS AND HEMOFILTRATION……Page 1861
HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS……Page 1875
HIGHER-ORDER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS……Page 1886
HIGHER-ORDER STATISTICS……Page 1890
HILBERT TRANSFORM……Page 1905
HIPPOCAMPUS……Page 1912
HOME TELEHEALTH: TELEMATICS-SUPPORTED SERVICES……Page 1932
HOMECARE……Page 1938
HUMAN BRAIN INTERFACE: SIGNAL PROCESSING AND MACHINE LEARNING……Page 1950
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING……Page 1958
HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS……Page 1971
HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM, NONINVASIVE COUPLING OF ELECTRONICALLY GENERATED DATA INTO……Page 1979
HYPERCAPNIA……Page 1993
HYPERTENSION: TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS……Page 1998
HYPOXIA……Page 2005
IMAGE CODING……Page 2012
INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS……Page 2024
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH……Page 2042
INTELLIGENT MOBILITY AIDS……Page 2052
INTELLIGENT PATIENT MONITORING……Page 2059
INTESTINAL MOTILITY……Page 2071
IONIC CHANNELS……Page 2083
IONIZING RADIATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF……Page 2088
ISCHEMIA……Page 2105
KNEE MENISCUS, BIOMECHANICS OF……Page 2124
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING……Page 2135
LUNG TISSUE VISCOELASTICITY……Page 2142
LYAPUNOV EXPONENT……Page 2153
MAGNETIC RESONANCE CURRENT DENSITY IMAGING……Page 2166
MAGNETIC RESONANCE—ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY……Page 2173
MAMMOGRAPHY……Page 2181
MARKOV CHAINS……Page 2194
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION……Page 2201
MECHANICAL TESTING……Page 2204
MECHANOMYOGRAPHY……Page 2211
MEDICAL DEVICE ACQUISITION……Page 2222
MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY……Page 2228
MEDICAL DEVICES, DESIGN AND MODIFICATION OF……Page 2238
MEDICAL DEVICES: REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS……Page 2245
MEDICAL EXPERT SYSTEMS……Page 2251
MEDICAL ROBOTICS IN SURGERY……Page 2260
MENISCAL REPLACEMENTS……Page 2267
METABOLITES, NONINVASIVE OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF……Page 2282
MICROARRAY DATA ANALYSIS……Page 2289
MICROENCAPSULATION……Page 2298
MICROFLUIDICS……Page 2309
MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES……Page 2319
MICROSENSORS AND NANOSENSORS……Page 2325
MICROVESSEL PERMEABILITY……Page 2338
MICROWAVE IMAGING……Page 2348
MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS……Page 2360
MOTOR UNIT……Page 2372
MRI SAFETY……Page 2379
MULTIMODAL PRESENTATION OF BIOMEDICAL DATA……Page 2390
MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY……Page 2405
MULTIVARIATE BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING……Page 2413
MUSCLE FIBER CONDUCTION VELOCITY……Page 2421
MUSCLE PAIN……Page 2436
MUSCLE SENSORY RECEPTORS……Page 2444
MUSCLE, SKELETAL……Page 2457
MUSCULOSKELETAL CELL MECHANICS……Page 2464
MYOELECTRIC CONTROL OF POWERED UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES……Page 2472
MYOELECTRIC MANIFESTATIONS OF MUSCLE FATIGUE……Page 2478
MYOELECTRIC SIGNAL PROCESSING……Page 2488
NANOMETER-SCALE PROBES……Page 2499
NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS……Page 2503
NANOPHASE MATERIALS……Page 2508
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING……Page 2526
NERNST POTENTIAL……Page 2537
NERVE STIMULATION……Page 2538
NEURAL CONTROL OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY……Page 2548
NEURAL NETWORKS……Page 2566
NEURAL NETWORKS: APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING……Page 2577
NEUROMUSCULAR COORDINATION IN GAIT, EMG ANALYSIS OF……Page 2581
NEUROMUSCULAR STIMULATION……Page 2592
NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEMS……Page 2599
NMR IMAGING……Page 2609
NOISE IN INSTRUMENTATION……Page 2625
NONIONIZING RADIATION……Page 2636
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA: ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TREATMENT……Page 2645
OCULOMOTOR CONTROL……Page 2654
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY……Page 2664
OPTOELECTRONICS……Page 2671
ORTHOPEDIC BONE CEMENT……Page 2678
ORTHOTICS……Page 2686
PARAMETRIC ADAPTIVE IDENTIFICATION AND KALMAN FILTER……Page 2701
PATTERN CLASSIFICATION……Page 2705
PATTERN RECOGNITION……Page 2714
PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC CONTROL……Page 2735
PHASE UNWRAPPING……Page 2743
PHOTOCONDUCTING DEVICES……Page 2752
PHOTODIODES……Page 2757
PHOTOMULTIPLIERS……Page 2768
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS……Page 2785
PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS……Page 2797
PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS……Page 2808
PLASMA SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION BY MEMBRANE……Page 2814
PLATELET-RICH PLASMA IN BONE REPAIR……Page 2823
PLETHYSMOGRAPHY……Page 2835
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)……Page 2844
PRESSURE SENSORS……Page 2855
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS……Page 2872
PROSTHETIC DEVICES AND METHODS……Page 2884
PROTEIN STRUCTURE, FOLDING, AND CONFORMATION……Page 2904
PROTEOMICS……Page 2907
PULMONARY MECHANICS……Page 2920
PULMONARY MEDICINE, APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING TO……Page 2928
PULSE OXIMETRY……Page 2942
RADIATION SAFETY……Page 2960
RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF……Page 2979
RADON TRANSFORM……Page 2993
RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS……Page 2998
REHABILITATION BIOMECHANICS……Page 3006
REHABILITATION ENGINEERING: AN OVERVIEW……Page 3028
RESORBABLE MATERIALS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY……Page 3039
RESPIRATION MEASUREMENTS……Page 3052
RESPIRATORY RELATED EVOKED POTENTIALS……Page 3064
RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA……Page 3072
RISK MANAGEMENT……Page 3080
RISK MANAGEMENT FOR MEDICAL DEVICES……Page 3092
ROBOTIC REHABILITATION THERAPY……Page 3100
ROBOTIC SURGERY……Page 3118
SAMPLING THEOREM AND ALIASING IN BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING……Page 3126
SCAFFOLDS FOR CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING……Page 3136
SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED IMPLANTABLE PROSTHETIC DEVICES……Page 3146
SENSOR BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND BIOFOULING IN REAL-TIME MONITORING……Page 3163
SENSORY AIDS……Page 3181
SEPSIS……Page 3195
SIMULATION LANGUAGES……Page 3205
SKIN……Page 3217
SKIN LESIONS: BURNS……Page 3223
SLEEP……Page 3236
SLEEP APNEA: DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF INFANT PATTERNS……Page 3248
SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME……Page 3255
SLEEP LABORATORY……Page 3268
SOFT TISSUE SCAFFOLDS……Page 3281
SOFTWARE AGENTS……Page 3296
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING……Page 3304
SPACE PHYSIOLOGY……Page 3309
SPASTICITY AND UPPER MOTOR NEURON DYSFUNCTION……Page 3325
SPINAL CORD STIMULATION SYSTEMS……Page 3335
STAINLESS STEELS FOR IMPLANTS……Page 3340
STATE-SPACE METHODS……Page 3348
STENOSIS AND THROMBOSIS……Page 3352
STENTS……Page 3364
STRESS……Page 3374
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY……Page 3383
SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG) SIGNAL PROCESSING……Page 3391
SURFACE ELECTROSTIMULATION ELECTRODES……Page 3405
SUTURES……Page 3409
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL DEVICES……Page 3420
TELEMEDICINE……Page 3434
TELEMEDICINE IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES……Page 3445
TELEMEDICINE: TELECONSULTATION BETWEEN MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS……Page 3451
TELEMEDICINE: UBIQUITOUS PATIENT CARE……Page 3463
TELESURGERY……Page 3476
TEMPERATURE SENSORS……Page 3488
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISC……Page 3499
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT OF BIOMATERIALS……Page 3509
TISSUE ENGINEERING……Page 3516
TISSUE ENGINEERING OF BLOOD VESSELS……Page 3531
TISSUE ENGINEERING OF CARDIAC TISSUES……Page 3536
TISSUE ENGINEERING OF KIDNEY, BLADDER, AND URETHRA……Page 3542
TISSUE MECHANICS……Page 3549
TISSUE-ENGINEERED BONE……Page 3564
TISSUE-ENGINEERED CARTILAGE……Page 3568
TISSUE-ENGINEERED LIVER……Page 3578
TISSUE-ENGINEERED PERIPHERAL NERVE……Page 3587
TISSUES, ELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF……Page 3597
TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS……Page 3608
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION……Page 3616
TRANSCUTANEOUS MAGNETIC COUPLING OF POWER AND DATA……Page 3622
TRANSPORT ACROSS ENDOTHELIAL BARRIERS, MODELING OF……Page 3633
TREES, EVOLUTIONARY……Page 3645
ULTRASONIC IMAGING……Page 3659
ULTRASONIC IMAGING OF CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS……Page 3667
ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS FOR MEDICAL IMAGING……Page 3678
UPPER AIRWAY MECHANICS……Page 3684
VASCULAR AND CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM……Page 3695
VASCULAR GROWTH AND REMODELING……Page 3704
VASCULAR MECHANICS……Page 3713
VASCULAR NETWORKS……Page 3719
VECTOR QUANTIZATION……Page 3730
VENOUS AIR EMBOLISM: DETECTION VIA WAVELET TRANSFORM……Page 3743
VENTILATORY PATTERN VARIABILITY IN MAMMALS……Page 3758
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION……Page 3765
VIRTUAL REALITY……Page 3778
VISCOELASTICITY……Page 3794
VOICE ANALYSIS……Page 3798
WEARABLE MEDICAL DEVICES……Page 3835
WHEELCHAIR ENGINEERING……Page 3847
WIDE AREA NETWORKS……Page 3862
WIRELESS BIOMEDICAL SENSING……Page 3872
WOUND HEALING……Page 3881
XENOTRANSPLANTATION……Page 3890
INDEX……Page 3900