Encyclopedia of white-collar & corporate crime

Lawrence M. Salinger (Editor)9780761930044, 0-7619-3004-3

With more than 500 entries (including up-to-date information on such high profile cases as Martha Stewart and Enron), the Encyclopedia of White-Collar & Corporate Crime gathers history, definitions, examples, investigation, prosecution, assessments, challenges, and projections into one definitive reference work on the topic. The Encyclopedia of White-Collar & Corporate Crime is edited to incorporate information about a variety of white-collar crimes, and provides examples of persons, statutes, companies, and convictions. Each entry offers a thorough and thoughtful summary of the topic. Rather than a simple definition, users are given a satisfying and sophisticated synopsis with references for further study. Articles consider all aspects of white-collar and corporate crime, including: * Law: describes specific elements of corporate law and the various illegal acts to which they apply * Individuals: brief biographical sketches, primarily focused on how they relate to the study of white-collar crime * Events: criminal events include descriptions of specific cases of white-collar crime, both past and current The Encyclopedia was developed primarily for college, public, and high school libraries. Post-graduate academics, law firms, and corporations will also find this a valuable addition to their libraries.

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Table of contents :
CONTENTS……Page 4
Introduction……Page 5
Reader’s Guide……Page 9
Timeline……Page 14
List of Contributors……Page 20
List of Articles……Page 22
Vol.1: A-I……Page 1
A. H. Robins……Page 26
Aamco……Page 28
Abscam……Page 29
Accounting Fraud……Page 30
Adelphia Communications……Page 32
Advance Fee Fraud……Page 33
Advertising Fraud……Page 34
Africa……Page 39
Age Discrimination……Page 42
Agnew, Spiro T. (1918–1996)……Page 44
Air Pollution……Page 45
Allied Chemical……Page 49
Allied Irish Banks……Page 50
American Civil War……Page 51
American Cyanamid……Page 54
American Hospital Supply……Page 56
American Motors……Page 57
American Revolution……Page 58
Ancient Mercantile Crime……Page 61
Anderson, Jack (1922– )……Page 66
Antitrust……Page 67
Arab Nations……Page 69
Arbitrage……Page 72
Archer Daniels Midland……Page 76
Argentina……Page 78
Art Fraud……Page 79
Arthur Andersen……Page 82
Asbestos……Page 83
Asia……Page 84
At&t……Page 87
Australia……Page 88
Automobile……Page 90
Bad Checks……Page 93
Bait-and-switch……Page 94
Bakker, Jim And Tammy……Page 95
Banco Ambrosiano……Page 96
Bank Fraud……Page 97
Bank Of Credit And Commerce International……Page 103
Bank Secrecy Act……Page 104
Banker’s Trust……Page 105
Bankruptcy Fraud……Page 106
Barings Bank……Page 107
Baycol……Page 109
Beech Aircraft……Page 110
Beech-nut Nutrition……Page 111
Bendectin……Page 112
Bendix Corporation……Page 113
Benson, Michael L. (1950–)……Page 114
Better Business Bureaus……Page 115
B. F. Goodrich……Page 116
Bid Rigging……Page 117
Board Of Directors……Page 118
Boesky, Ivan (1937–)……Page 120
Boland Amendment……Page 122
Bond Fraud……Page 123
Boycott……Page 126
Braithwaite, John (1951–)……Page 128
Brazil……Page 129
Breast Implants……Page 131
Bre-x……Page 133
Bribery……Page 134
Brown Lung……Page 136
Buffalo Creek……Page 137
Bush, George H. W. (1924–)……Page 138
Bush, George W. (1946–)……Page 140
Butcher Brothers……Page 143
Campaign Finance……Page 145
Canada……Page 152
Canadian Mining Scandals……Page 154
Capitalism……Page 155
Capone, Alphonse (1899–1947)……Page 161
Caribbean Islands……Page 162
Carl Karcher Enterprises……Page 164
Carnegie, Andrew (1835–1919)……Page 165
Carter, James E. (1924–)……Page 167
Celler-Kefauver Act……Page 171
Centennial Savings And Loan……Page 172
Center For Science In The Public Interest……Page 173
Central America……Page 174
Disaster……Page 177
Charity Fraud……Page 178
Chem-bio……Page 182
Chevron……Page 183
China……Page 185
Cigarette Advertising……Page 189
Civil Forfeiture……Page 191
Class-action Lawsuits……Page 192
Clayton Antitrust Act……Page 195
Clean Air Act……Page 196
Clean Water Act……Page 197
Clinard, Marshall (1911–)……Page 198
Clinton, William J. (1946–)……Page 199
Coal Mining……Page 202
Coffee, John C., Jr. (1944–)……Page 204
Coleman, James W. (1947–)……Page 205
Commodities Fraud……Page 206
Commodity Futures Trading Commission……Page 209
Compliance Programs……Page 210
Comprehensive Thrift Act……Page 212
Computer Fraud And Abuse Act……Page 213
Computer Hacking……Page 214
Conflict Theory……Page 217
Conoco……Page 218
Consequences Of WhiteCollar Crime……Page 219
Conspiracy……Page 220
Consumer Deaths……Page 221
Consumer Product Safety Act……Page 223
Contractor Fraud……Page 224
Contra-gate……Page 228
Coolidge, Calvin (1872–1933)……Page 232
Copyright Infringement……Page 233
Corporate Criminal Liability……Page 235
Corporate Dumping……Page 237
Corporate Raiding……Page 239
Corruption……Page 240
Corvair……Page 246
Counterfeiting……Page 247
Credit Card Fraud……Page 251
Credit Lyonnais……Page 253
Cressey, Donald (1919–1987)……Page 254
Crime Seriousness……Page 255
Critical Theory……Page 256
Cuba……Page 257
Cullen, Francis T. (1951–)……Page 259
Currency Fraud……Page 260
Cyberstalking……Page 262
Daisy Chains……Page 264
Daiwa Bank……Page 265
Dalkon Shield……Page 266
Debt Restructuring Fraud……Page 268
Defective Products……Page 270
Defense Industry Fraud……Page 275
Differential Association……Page 277
Direct-mail Fraud……Page 278
Domhoff, G. William (1936–)……Page 282
Dow Chemical……Page 284
Drexel Burnham Lambert……Page 285
Drug Trafficking……Page 287
E. F. Hutton……Page 290
Eastern Europe……Page 292
Economic Espionage……Page 296
Edelhertz, Herbert (1922–1999)……Page 298
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1890–1969)……Page 299
Eli Lilly……Page 300
Elite Crime……Page 302
Embezzlement……Page 303
Employee Crimes……Page 307
Employee Safety……Page 311
Enron Corporation……Page 312
Environmental Protection Agency……Page 313
Equity Funding Scandal……Page 316
Ethics……Page 317
Ethics Reform Act……Page 320
Extortion……Page 322
Exxon……Page 327
Fair Housing Act……Page 329
False Claims Act……Page 330
Fear Of Crime……Page 331
Federal Gambling Regulation……Page 333
Federal Trade Commission……Page 334
Federal Trade Commission Act……Page 335
Felony……Page 336
Fertility Fraud……Page 337
Fiduciary Fraud……Page 339
Film Recovery Systems……Page 341
Financial Accounting Standards Board……Page 342
Financial Crime Kingpin Statute……Page 343
Firestone Tires……Page 344
Fisse, Brent (1942–)……Page 345
Flaming Ferraris……Page 346
Food And Drug Administration……Page 347
Ford Pinto……Page 349
Ford, Gerald R. (1913–)……Page 350
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act……Page 351
Forensic Auditing……Page 352
Forgery……Page 354
France……Page 358
Frankel, Martin (1955–)……Page 360
Free Enterprise……Page 362
G. D. Searle……Page 364
Gambling And Lotteries……Page 365
Geis, Gilbert (1925–)……Page 369
Gender Discrimination……Page 370
General Dynamics……Page 371
General Electric……Page 372
General Motors……Page 373
Georgia-pacific……Page 375
Germany……Page 376
Giuliani, Rudolph (1944–)……Page 378
Global Warming……Page 380
Globalization……Page 383
Government Contract Fraud……Page 388
Government Procurement Fraud……Page 390
Grabosky, Peter (1945–)……Page 392
Graft……Page 393
Grant, Ulysses S. (1822–1885)……Page 395
Grassy Narrows……Page 396
Great Electrical Equipment Conspiracy……Page 398
Greece……Page 399
Green, Mark J. (1945–)……Page 400
Greenmail……Page 401
Greenpeace……Page 402
Grifters……Page 403
Gulf Oil Corporation……Page 404
Hart-Scott-Rodino Act……Page 406
Hartung-Burgess Debate……Page 407
Hazardous Waste……Page 408
Health Corporation Of America……Page 412
Healthcare Fraud……Page 413
Hoarding……Page 418
Hobbs Act……Page 420
Home-stake Swindle……Page 421
Hong Kong……Page 422
Hoover, Herbert (1874–1964)……Page 423
Hud Scandals……Page 424
Human Trafficking……Page 427
Hyde, Edward (1661–1723)……Page 430
IBM……Page 431
Identity Theft……Page 432
Illegal Competition……Page 434
Imperial Food Products……Page 435
Impersonation……Page 437
Indonesia……Page 439
Industrial Espionage……Page 440
Industrial Revolution……Page 442
Infant Formula……Page 445
Insider Trading……Page 447
Insider Trading Sanctions Act……Page 452
Insurance Fraud……Page 453
Interlocking Directorates……Page 457
Internet Fraud……Page 459
Interstate Commerce Act……Page 461
Investigation Techniques……Page 462
Investment Trust Fraud……Page 463
Investors Overseas Services……Page 464
Iran-contra Scandal……Page 465
Ireland……Page 467
Irving, Clifford (1930–)……Page 468
Israel……Page 469
Italy……Page 470
ITT……Page 473
Vol.2: J-Z……Page 475
Japan……Page 479
Jesilow, Paul (1950–)……Page 483
Jett, Joseph (1958–)……Page 484
Johns-Manville……Page 485
Johnson, Lyndon B. (1908–1973)……Page 486
Juries And Awards……Page 488
Justice, Department Of……Page 492
Keating Five……Page 498
Kennedy, Robert F. (1925–1968)……Page 500
Kepone Scandal……Page 501
Kerr-McGee……Page 502
Kickbacks……Page 504
Kidder, Peabody……Page 506
Knapp Commission……Page 507
Labor Crimes……Page 510
Leeson, Nick (1967–)……Page 514
Legal Malpractice……Page 515
Levi, Michael (1948–)……Page 517
Lloyd’s Of London……Page 518
Lockheed……Page 520
Love Canal……Page 522
Luxembourg……Page 524
Madison Guaranty……Page 525
Mail Fraud……Page 526
Major Fraud Act Of 1988……Page 529
Maritime Fraud……Page 530
Market Manipulation……Page 532
Marketing Fraud……Page 533
Maxwell, Robert (1923–1991)……Page 535
Meat Inspection Act Of 1906……Page 537
Medical Malpractice……Page 539
Medicaid And Medicare Fraud……Page 541
Merrill Lynch……Page 545
Metallgesellschaft……Page 546
Mexico……Page 548
Microsoft……Page 550
Middle East……Page 552
Military-industrial Complex……Page 557
Milken, Michael (1946–)……Page 559
Misappropriation Theory……Page 560
Mollen Commission……Page 561
Money Laundering……Page 562
Morgan Grenfell Asset Management……Page 565
Morgan, J. Pierpont (1837–1913)……Page 566
Morton-thiokol……Page 567
Multinational Corporations……Page 569
19th-century Regulation……Page 571
Nader, Ralph (1924–)……Page 574
National Association Of Securities Dealers……Page 575
National Medical Enterprises……Page 577
National White-collar Crime Center……Page 578
Natwest Markets……Page 579
Negligence……Page 581
Nigerian 419……Page 584
Nixon, Richard M. (1913–1994)……Page 586
Nonprofit Organization Fraud……Page 588
North, Oliver (1943–)……Page 590
Northrop Grumman……Page 591
Obstruction Of Justice……Page 593
Occupational Carcinogens……Page 595
Occupational Safety And Health Act……Page 597
Offshore Bank Accounts……Page 600
Offshore Entities……Page 601
Oil Crimes……Page 603
Oligopoly……Page 608
Oraflex……Page 609
Organized Crime……Page 610
Outside Directors……Page 615
Owens Corning……Page 616
Patent Infringement……Page 618
Pension Funds……Page 621
Perjury……Page 622
Pesticides……Page 626
Pharmaceutical Industry……Page 629
Poland……Page 633
Police Brutality……Page 635
Police Corruption……Page 636
Political Assassination……Page 639
Polyvinyl Chlorides……Page 641
Pontell, Henry N. (1950–)……Page 642
Ponzi Scheme……Page 643
Pornography……Page 644
Predatory Practices……Page 646
Price Discrimination……Page 647
Price Fixing……Page 650
Prisoners……Page 652
Procter & Gamble……Page 654
Product Liability……Page 656
Prosecution……Page 659
Prostitution……Page 662
Public Citizen Health Research Group……Page 666
Public Corruption……Page 668
Puffery……Page 671
Pure Food, Drug And Cosmetics Act……Page 672
Racial Discrimination……Page 674
Racketeering……Page 677
Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations……Page 679
Reagan, Ronald (1911–2004)……Page 683
Real Estate Fraud……Page 685
Redlining……Page 688
Reform And Regulation……Page 689
Regulatory Enforcement……Page 694
Religious Fraud……Page 698
Research Fraud……Page 704
Revco……Page 706
Revolving Door……Page 707
Risk Analysis……Page 709
Rite Aid……Page 711
Robber Barons……Page 712
Roberts, Oral (1918–)……Page 713
Rockefeller, John D. (1839–1937)……Page 715
Rockwell International……Page 716
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882–1945)……Page 717
Roosevelt, Theodore (1858–1919)……Page 719
Ross, Edward (1866–1951)……Page 721
Rostenkowski, Daniel (1928–)……Page 722
Rusnak, John (1964–)……Page 723
Russia……Page 724
Salomon Smith Barney……Page 728
Saudi Arabia……Page 729
Savings And Loan Fraud……Page 730
Scams……Page 735
Scandinavia……Page 740
Securities And Exchange Commission……Page 741
Securities Fraud……Page 744
Self-control Theory……Page 748
Sentencing Guidelines……Page 751
Sexual Harassment……Page 756
Sherman Antitrust Act……Page 760
Short, James F., Jr. (1924–)……Page 762
Shover, Neal (1940–)……Page 763
Silkwood, Karen (1946–1974)……Page 764
Sinclair, Upton (1878–1968)……Page 765
Singapore……Page 767
Small-business Fraud……Page 769
South America……Page 774
Spain……Page 776
Spitzer, Eliot (1959–)……Page 777
Sports Scandals……Page 778
Standard Oil……Page 782
Stavisky, Serge (1886–1934)……Page 783
Steffens, Lincoln (1866–1936)……Page 784
Stewart, Martha (1941–)……Page 785
Stock Churning……Page 786
Stock Fraud……Page 787
Sutherland, Edwin H. (1893–1950)……Page 793
Sutherland-tappan Debate……Page 795
Sweepstakes Fraud……Page 797
Switzerland……Page 798
Tailhook Scandal……Page 801
Tampons And Toxic Shock……Page 802
Tariff Crimes……Page 805
Tax Evasion……Page 807
Teamsters Pension Fund……Page 811
Teapot Dome Scandal……Page 813
Techniques Of Neutralization……Page 815
Teledyne Industries……Page 816
Telemarketing Fraud……Page 817
Thailand……Page 820
Thalidomide……Page 821
Three Mile Island……Page 823
Times Beach……Page 826
Tobacco Industry……Page 827
Toxic Substances Control Act……Page 829
Trademark Infringement……Page 831
Truman, Harry (1884–1972)……Page 833
Truth In Labeling……Page 834
Truth In Lending Act……Page 836
Tyco International……Page 837
Tying Arrangements……Page 838
Unfair Trade Practices……Page 840
Unilever……Page 841
Union Carbide……Page 842
Unions……Page 844
Unisys……Page 849
United American Bank……Page 850
United Fruit……Page 851
United Kingdom……Page 852
United States……Page 855
Unnecessary Surgery……Page 858
Vatican Bank……Page 862
Vaughan, Diane (1951–)……Page 863
Vietnam War……Page 864
Wage Crimes……Page 866
War Crimes……Page 868
Waste Management, Inc…….Page 870
Water Pollution……Page 872
Watergate……Page 874
Weisburd, David (1947–)……Page 875
Wheeler, Stanton (1930–)……Page 876
Whistleblowers……Page 877
Whitewater……Page 878
Wire Fraud……Page 879
Witness And Victim Protection Act……Page 880
Workplace Deaths……Page 881
Workplace Violence……Page 883
World War I……Page 885
World War II……Page 886
WorldCom……Page 888
Appendix A. Resource Guide……Page 890
Appendix B. Glossary……Page 894
Appendix C. Law Summaries……Page 901