Gale encyclopedia of U.S. economic history

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Edition: 2 Volume Set

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ISBN: 0-7876-3888-9, 0-7876-3889-7, 0787638900

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Thomas Carson, Mary Bonk0-7876-3888-9, 0-7876-3889-7, 0787638900

The Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History offers to students comprehensive coverage of American economic history from the Paleolithic Age to the present with an emphasis on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The topics selected for inclusion by our board of advisors have been chosen to support most textbooks on American history, and this work should be a useful tool for juniors and seniors in high school and first- and second-year college students who are beginning an investigation of the subject. The student will find articles on the Aztec, Maya, and Inca, because many texts begin with a chapter on the early history of our southern neighbors. The history of Native Americans has also been included, so articles can be found on Mound Builders, Plains Indians, Five Civilized Tribes, the Trail of Tears and many other topics. Successful women and minority leaders are also to be found. There is, of course, a wealth of material on the rise of the United States as an industrial power. Brilliant inventors, labor unionizers, robber barons, reformers, political leaders, and manufacturers of products as disparate as Colt revolvers and modern computer software can all be found on these pages.

Table of contents :
Table of Contents……Page 4
Advisory Board……Page 5
Photo and Illustration Credits……Page 6
Contents by Era……Page 10
Preface……Page 18
Introduction……Page 19
Chronology……Page 20
Vol.1: A-K……Page 1
Adams-onis Treaty……Page 52
Addams, (laura) Jane……Page 53
Advertising Industry……Page 54
Affirmative Action……Page 57
Africans Arrive In Virginia, 1619……Page 59
The Age Of Revolution, 1763–1790……Page 60
Aggregate Supply……Page 64
Agricultural Equipment Industry……Page 65
Agriculture Industry……Page 67
Air Traffic Controller Strike……Page 68
Airline Deregulation……Page 70
Airline Industry……Page 71
Alabama……Page 73
Alaska……Page 76
Alaska Purchase……Page 79
Alaskan Pipeline, Building Of……Page 80
Allen, Paul Gardner……Page 82
Allocate……Page 83
American Federation Of Labor (afl)……Page 84
American Plants……Page 85
American Revolution……Page 86
American Revolution, Loyalty To Great Britain During……Page 88
American Smelting And Refining Company……Page 90
American System Of Manufactures……Page 91
American Tobacco Company……Page 92
Americans With Disabilities Act (ada)……Page 93
Ames, Oakes……Page 94
Ames, Oliver……Page 95
Amusement Parks……Page 96
Andersen, Arthur Edward……Page 97
Andreesen, Marc……Page 98
Anti-immigration Laws……Page 99
Appreciation……Page 100
Arbitration……Page 101
Arizona……Page 102
Arkansas……Page 104
Arms Race……Page 107
Articles Of Confederation……Page 108
Asian Financial Crisis……Page 110
Asset……Page 111
Astor, John Jacob……Page 113
At&t Corporation……Page 114
Automobile Industry……Page 117
Automobile, Origin Of……Page 119
Aztec……Page 120
Back Country……Page 121
Balance Of Trade……Page 122
Baldridge, Malcolm Howard……Page 123
Baltimore And Ohio Railroad……Page 124
Bank Of The United States (second National Bank)……Page 126
Bank War……Page 127
Barbary States……Page 128
Barnum, Phineas Taylor……Page 129
Baruch, Bernard Mannes……Page 131
Baseball……Page 132
Bean, Leon Leonwood……Page 133
Bear And Bull Markets……Page 134
Bechtel, Stephen Davison……Page 135
Bell, Alexander Graham……Page 136
Bennett, James Gordon……Page 137
Beringia……Page 138
Bethune, Mary Mcleod……Page 139
Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah……Page 141
B.f. Goodrich……Page 142
Bicycles……Page 143
Biddle, Nicholas……Page 144
Big Stick Diplomacy……Page 145
Black & Decker Corporation……Page 146
Black Gold……Page 148
Black Hawk War (1832)……Page 149
Black Market……Page 150
Blackwell, Henry Brown……Page 151
Bleeding Kansas……Page 152
Boeing Company……Page 153
Bonanza Farms……Page 156
Boone, Daniel……Page 157
Borden, Inc…….Page 159
Boston Massacre……Page 160
Boston Tea Party (1773)……Page 162
Boycott……Page 164
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz……Page 165
Brewing Industry……Page 167
Brotherhood Of Sleeping Car Porters……Page 170
Brunswick Corporation……Page 171
Bryan, William Jennings……Page 173
Budget Deficit……Page 174
Buffalo, Extermination Of……Page 175
Buffett, Warren……Page 177
Burnham, Daniel Hudson……Page 178
Busch, Adolphus……Page 180
Business Cycle……Page 181
California……Page 183
Campbell Soup Company……Page 186
Capital Gain……Page 187
Carnegie, Andrew……Page 188
Carrier, Willis Haviland……Page 190
Cartel……Page 191
Carver, George Washington……Page 192
Case, Stephen M…….Page 193
Caterpillar Inc…….Page 195
Cattle Drives……Page 197
Cattle Industry……Page 199
Central Bank……Page 200
Central Pacific Railroad……Page 202
Chandler, Alfred Dupont……Page 204
Chase, Salmon Portland……Page 205
Chavez, Cesar Estrada……Page 207
Chicago Fire Of 1871……Page 208
Child Labor……Page 210
Chinese Exclusion Act……Page 212
Chrysler Corporation……Page 214
Chrysler, Walter Percy……Page 216
Civil Rights Acts Of 1866, 1875……Page 218
Civil Rights Movement……Page 219
Civil Service Act……Page 222
Civil War And Industrial Expansion, 1860–1897……Page 223
Civil War, Economic Causes Of……Page 225
Civil War, Economic Impact Of……Page 228
Clay, Henry……Page 230
Clipper Ships……Page 232
Coal Industry……Page 233
Coca-cola Beverages……Page 234
Cold War……Page 236
Colonies, Corporate……Page 239
Colonies, Distribution Of Wealth In……Page 240
Colonies, Proprietary……Page 241
Colorado……Page 242
Colt’s Manufacturing Company……Page 244
Command Economy……Page 246
Comparative Advantage……Page 247
Competition……Page 248
Computer Industry……Page 249
Confederate Dollar……Page 250
Congress Of Racial Equality……Page 251
Connecticut……Page 252
Conservatism……Page 254
Constitution, Economic Benefits Of The……Page 256
Consumer Goods……Page 258
Consumption……Page 259
The Contemporary World, 1974 To The Present……Page 260
Continentals……Page 263
Cooke, Jay……Page 264
Corporate Restructuring……Page 266
Cost Of Living Index……Page 267
Coughlin, Charles Edward……Page 268
Covered Wagon……Page 270
Cowboy……Page 271
Coxey, Jacob Sechler……Page 272
Credit……Page 273
Croly, Herbert……Page 274
Cross Of Gold Speech……Page 275
Currency……Page 276
Custom Duties……Page 277
Debs, Eugene Victor……Page 278
Debt……Page 279
Deere, John……Page 280
Defense Spending……Page 281
Delaware……Page 282
Dell, Michael……Page 285
Deming, William Edwards……Page 286
Department Store……Page 287
Depression And World War Ii, 1929–1945……Page 288
Devos, Richard……Page 293
Discount Rate……Page 294
Disincentives……Page 295
Disney, Walter Elias……Page 296
Disposable Income……Page 297
Dix, Dorothea Lynde……Page 298
Dollar Diplomacy……Page 299
Dow, Charles Henry……Page 301
Dred Scott Case……Page 302
Drew, Daniel……Page 303
Drucker, Peter Ferdinand……Page 304
Dry Farming……Page 305
Duke, James Buchanan……Page 306
Dupont Company……Page 307
Du Pont, йleuthиre Irйnйe……Page 309
Durable Goods……Page 310
Durant, Thomas Clark……Page 311
Durant, William Crapo……Page 312
Dust Bowl……Page 313
Early Republic To Civil War, 1815–1860……Page 316
Eastman, George……Page 319
Eastman Kodak……Page 321
Economic Development, Federal Involvement In……Page 322
Economic Growth……Page 324
Economies Of Scale……Page 325
Edison, Thomas Alva……Page 326
Efficiency……Page 327
Eighteenth Amendment……Page 328
Eisner, Michael D(ammann)……Page 329
Ellis Island……Page 330
Emancipation Proclamation……Page 331
Embargo……Page 332
Emergency Price Control Act……Page 333
Entertainment Industry……Page 334
Environmentalism……Page 337
Equal Opportunity Act……Page 339
Equity……Page 340
An Era Of Economic Instability, 1897–1920……Page 341
Erie Canal, Building Of……Page 343
European Loans……Page 345
Evans, Oliver……Page 346
Excise Tax……Page 347
Expansionists……Page 348
Exxon Corporation……Page 349
Fair Labor Standards Act Of 1938……Page 352
Fallen Timbers, Battle Of……Page 353
Family And Medical Leave Act……Page 354
Farm Credit Administration……Page 355
Farmers’ Protest Movements, 1870–1900……Page 356
Federal Railroad Administration……Page 359
Federal Reserve Act Of 1913……Page 360
Federal Reserve System……Page 361
Federalism……Page 362
Field, Marshall……Page 363
Financial Panic……Page 365
Firestone, Harvey Samuel……Page 366
Fishing Industry (commercial)……Page 367
Flat Tax Provision……Page 369
Florida……Page 371
Food Processing Industry……Page 374
Forbes, Malcolm Stevenson……Page 376
Ford, Henry……Page 378
Ford Motor Company……Page 380
Foreign Investment In The United States……Page 382
Foreign Investment Of U.s. Companies Abroad……Page 384
Fourteenth Amendment……Page 385
Fractional Reserve Banking……Page 386
Franklin, Benjamin……Page 387
Free Enterprise……Page 388
Free Trade……Page 389
Freedmen’s Bureau……Page 392
Frйmont, John Charles……Page 393
French And Indian War (1754–1763)……Page 395
Friedman, Milton……Page 397
Fugitive Slave Act Of 1850……Page 398
Fuller, Richard Buckminster, Jr…….Page 400
Fulton, Robert……Page 402
Furniture Industry……Page 403
Galbraith, John Kenneth……Page 405
Gallup, George Horace……Page 407
Gates, William Henry Iii……Page 408
General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade (gatt)……Page 410
General Electric Company……Page 412
General Motors Corporation……Page 414
Georgia……Page 415
Gerber Products Company……Page 418
Getty, J(ean) Paul……Page 419
Ghetto……Page 420
Gi Bill……Page 421
Giannini, Amadeo Peter……Page 422
Gillette Company……Page 423
Gillette, King Camp……Page 424
Global Economy……Page 425
Gold Rush Of 1849……Page 426
Gold Standard……Page 428
Gompers, Samuel……Page 430
Goodyear, Charles……Page 432
Gorman, Leon Arthur……Page 433
Gould, Jayson ‘‘jay’’……Page 434
Government Farm Policy……Page 436
Government Land Policy……Page 438
Graying Of America……Page 440
Great Depression……Page 442
Great Depression, Causes Of……Page 444
Great Migration (1630– 1640)……Page 446
Great Migration, 1910– 1920……Page 447
Great Railroad Strike Of 1877……Page 448
The Great Society……Page 450
Greenback Party……Page 452
Greenspan, Alan……Page 453
Gross Domestic Product……Page 454
Gross National Product……Page 455
Gruen, Victor David……Page 456
Guggenheim, Daniel……Page 457
Halpin, James……Page 459
Hamilton, Alexander……Page 460
Hammer, Armand……Page 462
Hancock, John……Page 463
Hanna, Marcus Alonzo……Page 464
Harley-davidson, Inc…….Page 465
Harpers Ferry Raid……Page 468
Harrington, Edward Michael……Page 469
Hawaii……Page 470
Hay, John Milton……Page 473
Haymarket Bombing……Page 474
Health Maintenance Organizations (hmos)……Page 475
Hearst, William Randolph……Page 477
H.j. Heinz Company……Page 478
Hepburn Act……Page 480
Hershey Foods Corporation……Page 481
Hill, James Jerome……Page 482
Hilton, William Barron……Page 484
Hires, Charles Elmer……Page 485
Hoffa, James Riddle……Page 486
Hollerith, Herman……Page 487
Home Front……Page 488
Homestead Act (1862)……Page 489
Homestead Steel Strike……Page 491
Hooverville……Page 492
Hopkins, Harry Lloyd……Page 493
Howard Johnson International, Inc…….Page 495
Howe, Samuel Gridley……Page 497
Hughes, Howard Robard……Page 498
Human Capital……Page 500
Iacocca, Lido Anthony……Page 502
Idaho……Page 504
Illegal Drugs……Page 506
Illinois……Page 509
Immigration……Page 512
Imperialism (possession Of Colonies)……Page 514
Imports……Page 516
Incentive……Page 517
Income Gap……Page 518
Indentured Servants……Page 519
Independence, Economic Impact Of……Page 520
Indiana……Page 522
Indigo……Page 524
Industrial Revolution……Page 525
Industrial Workers Of The World (iww)……Page 527
Industrialization……Page 528
Information Superhighway……Page 530
Interest……Page 531
International Business Machines Corporation (ibm)……Page 532
Internet……Page 534
Internet And The Economy……Page 535
Interstate Commerce Commission Act……Page 536
Interstate Commerce: Regulation And Deregulation……Page 537
Interstate Highway Act……Page 539
Intolerable Acts (1774)……Page 541
Iowa……Page 542
Ironclads……Page 545
Irrigation……Page 546
Isolationism……Page 547
Jackson, Andrew……Page 550
Japan, Opening Of……Page 552
Jay Treaty……Page 553
Jefferson, Thomas……Page 555
Jim Crow Laws……Page 557
Jobs, Steven Paul……Page 558
Johnson, Hugh Samuel……Page 559
Jones, Mary Harris……Page 561
Jones, Samuel Milton……Page 563
Junk Bonds……Page 564
Kaiser, Henry John……Page 565
Kansas……Page 566
Kansas-nebraska Act (1854)……Page 569
Kelley, Florence……Page 570
Kellogg Company……Page 572
Kellogg, Frank Billings……Page 574
Kellogg, Will Keith……Page 575
Kelsey-hayes……Page 576
Kentucky……Page 578
Keynes, John Maynard……Page 580
Kimberly-clark Corporation……Page 582
King Cotton……Page 583
King, Martin Luther, Jr…….Page 584
King, Richard……Page 586
Klondike Gold Strike……Page 587
Knopf, Blanche……Page 589
Korean War……Page 590
Kresge, Sebastian Spering……Page 592
Kroc, Raymond Albert……Page 594
Kroger Company……Page 595
Ku Klux Klan……Page 597
Vol.2: L-Z……Page 599
Labor Movement……Page 601
Labor Unionism……Page 605
Lafollette, Robert Marion……Page 607
Land O’lakes, Inc…….Page 609
Land Ordinance Of 1785……Page 611
Lane, Gertrude Battles……Page 612
Lange, Dorothea Margaretta……Page 613
Lasker, Albert David……Page 614
Lauder, Estee……Page 615
Lease, Mary Elizabeth……Page 616
Lee, Ivy Ledbetter……Page 618
Leontief, Wassily……Page 619
Lever Food Control Act……Page 620
Levitt, William Jaird……Page 621
Lewis And Clark Expedition……Page 622
Lewis, John Llewellyn……Page 624
Lewis, Sinclair……Page 626
Liberalism……Page 627
Liberty Bonds……Page 629
Lobbying……Page 630
Long, Huey Pierce……Page 631
Louisiana……Page 632
Louisiana Purchase……Page 634
Lowell, Francis Cabot……Page 636
Lowell System Of Labor……Page 637
Lukens, Rebecca……Page 638
Lumber Industry……Page 639
Maine……Page 642
Manifest Destiny……Page 645
Marcus, Stanley Harold……Page 646
Market……Page 648
Market Revolution……Page 649
Marshall Plan……Page 650
Maryland……Page 652
Massachusetts……Page 655
Maysville Road Bill……Page 658
Maytag Corporation……Page 659
Mccormick, Cyrus Hall……Page 660
Mccormick Reaper……Page 662
Mcgraw-hill Companies……Page 663
Medicare……Page 665
Mellon, Andrew……Page 666
Mercantilism……Page 667
Merger……Page 669
Merrill, Charles Edward……Page 670
Mesa Verde……Page 672
Mexican Bail-out……Page 673
Mexican Cession (1848)……Page 675
Michigan……Page 676
Microsoft Corporation……Page 679
Migrant Workers……Page 682
Military Industrial Complex……Page 683
Minimum Wage Law……Page 685
Minnesota……Page 686
Mississippi……Page 689
Mississippi River……Page 692
Missouri……Page 693
Missouri Compromise……Page 695
Mitchell, John……Page 696
Model T……Page 697
Molasses Act Of 1733……Page 698
Money……Page 699
Monopolies……Page 700
Monroe Doctrine……Page 703
Monroe, James……Page 705
Montana……Page 706
Montgomery Ward And Co…….Page 708
Morgan, John Pierpont……Page 710
Morita, Akio……Page 711
Morris, Robert……Page 712
Morse, Samuel Finley Breese……Page 713
Mortgage……Page 716
Movies……Page 717
Muckrakers……Page 718
Multiplier……Page 719
Mutual Fund……Page 720
Nabisco Foods Group……Page 722
Nader, Ralph……Page 723
Napoleonic Wars, Impact On The U.s. Economy……Page 724
Nat Turner’s Rebellion……Page 726
National Bank Act Of 1863……Page 727
National Broadcasting Company Inc. (nbc)……Page 728
National Debt……Page 731
National Grange……Page 732
National Industrial Recovery Act……Page 733
National Recovery Administration……Page 734
National Road, Building Of The……Page 735
Native American Policy……Page 736
Native Americans, Treatment Of (spain Vs. England)……Page 738
Naval Stores……Page 740
Navigation Acts, Economic Burden On The American Colonies……Page 741
Nebraska……Page 743
Netscape Communications Corporation……Page 745
Nevada……Page 747
New Deal……Page 749
New Deal: Reform Or Revolution……Page 752
New Hampshire……Page 754
New Jersey……Page 757
New Mexico……Page 760
New Orleans, Louisiana……Page 762
New Sweden……Page 764
New York……Page 765
New York Central Railroad……Page 767
New York Yankees……Page 768
Nielsen, Arthur Charles……Page 770
Nineteenth Amendment……Page 771
Nixon, Richard Milhous……Page 772
Norris-laguardia Act Of 1932……Page 773
North American Free Trade Agreement……Page 775
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (nato)……Page 776
North Carolina……Page 777
North Dakota……Page 780
Northern Securities Case……Page 782
Northwest Ordinance……Page 784
Northwestern Coast Indians……Page 785
Nuclear Energy……Page 786
Ohio……Page 789
Ohio Valley……Page 792
Oklahoma……Page 793
Old Southwest……Page 796
Opec Oil Embargo……Page 797
Open Door Policy……Page 799
Open Range……Page 800
Oregon……Page 801
Oregon Country Cessation……Page 804
Oregon Trail……Page 806
Otis Elevator Company, Inc…….Page 807
Overman Act……Page 808
Ozone Layer……Page 809
Panamal Canal, Building Of The……Page 810
Panic Of 1819……Page 813
Panic Of 1837……Page 814
Panic Of 1907……Page 816
Panics Of The Late Nineteenth Century……Page 817
Paper Industry……Page 819
Patent……Page 820
Penney, James Cash……Page 822
Pennsylvania……Page 823
Pennsylvania Railroad……Page 826
Pensions……Page 827
Perkins, Frances……Page 828
Perry, Matthew Calbraith……Page 830
Petroleum Industry……Page 831
Pharmaceutical Industry……Page 832
Pickens, Thomas Boone, Jr…….Page 834
Pieces Of Eight……Page 836
Pike’s Expedition……Page 837
Pilgrims……Page 838
Pinchot, Gifford……Page 839
Pinckney Treaty……Page 840
Pinkerton National Detective Agency……Page 841
Pinkham, Lydia Estes……Page 842
Piracy……Page 843
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company……Page 844
Plains Indians……Page 845
Plessy V. Ferguson……Page 846
Poll Tax……Page 848
Pony Express……Page 849
Populist Movement……Page 850
Porkopolis……Page 851
Post, William Charles……Page 852
Postum Cereal Company……Page 853
Postwar Boom……Page 855
Postwar Prosperity, 1946– 1973……Page 857
Potatoes……Page 860
Powderly, Terence Vincent……Page 861
Price……Page 863
Private Property Rights……Page 864
Proclamation Of 1763……Page 865
Procter And Gamble Company……Page 866
Procter, William Cooper……Page 868
Proctor, Barbara Gardner……Page 870
Profit……Page 872
Prohibition……Page 873
Proportional Tax……Page 875
The Prosperity Decade, 1921–1928……Page 876
Protectionism……Page 878
Publishing Industry……Page 879
Pulitzer, Joseph……Page 882
Pullman Palace Car Company……Page 885
Pullman Strike Of 1894……Page 886
Pure Food And Drug Act……Page 888
Putting-out System……Page 890
Pyramiding Reserves……Page 891
Quebec Act Of 1774……Page 892
Quotas……Page 893
Radical Unions……Page 894
Radio……Page 897
Rag Money……Page 898
Railroad Industry……Page 899
Railroads, Federal Land Grants To……Page 901
Rand, Ayn……Page 902
Randolph, Asa Philip……Page 903
Rca-victor Company……Page 905
Reagan, Ronald Wilson……Page 907
Reaganomics……Page 908
Rebates……Page 910
Reconstruction……Page 911
Recycling Programs……Page 913
Reinforced Concrete……Page 914
Research And Development……Page 915
Retail Industry……Page 916
Revenue……Page 917
Revere, Paul……Page 918
Rhode Island……Page 919
Rhode Island System Of Labor……Page 921
Ricardo, David……Page 922
Right To Work……Page 923
Robber Barons……Page 924
Rockefeller, John Davison……Page 925
Roebling, John Augustus……Page 926
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano……Page 927
Rosie The Riveter……Page 929
Rubbermaid Incorporated……Page 930
Rudkin, Margaret Fogarty……Page 931
Rust Belt……Page 933
Saint Lawrence Seaway……Page 935
Samuel Slater Builds The First Factory……Page 936
Santa Fe……Page 938
Savings……Page 939
Savings And Loan Failures……Page 940
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois……Page 943
Sears, Richard Warren……Page 945
Sears, Roebuck And Co…….Page 947
Sectionalism……Page 950
Securities And Exchange Commission……Page 951
Selective Service Act……Page 952
)……Page 953
Sharecropping……Page 956
Shays’ Rebellion……Page 957
Sheep Herders……Page 958
Sherman Anti-trust Act……Page 959
Sherman Silver Purchase Act……Page 960
Sherman’s March Through Georgia……Page 961
Shipbuilding Industry……Page 962
Sinclair, Upton Beall, Jr…….Page 964
Singer, Isaac Merrit……Page 965
Sixteenth Amendment……Page 967
Slater, Samuel……Page 968
Slave Codes……Page 969
Slavery……Page 970
Sloan, Alfred Pritchard, Jr…….Page 973
Slums……Page 975
Smith, Adam……Page 976
Social Gospel……Page 977
Social Security Act……Page 978
Socialism……Page 979
Sony Corporation……Page 980
Soo Locks……Page 982
South Carolina……Page 983
South Dakota……Page 985
Southwestern Indians……Page 987
Space Race……Page 988
Spanish-american War……Page 990
Speculation……Page 992
Spoils System……Page 993
Springfield Armory……Page 994
Stamp Act (1765)……Page 995
Standard Oil Company……Page 997
Stanford, Leland……Page 999
States’ Rights……Page 1001
Steamboat Act Of 1852……Page 1002
Steel Industry……Page 1003
Steel Plow……Page 1005
Stevens, John……Page 1006
Stock Market……Page 1007
Stock Market Crash Of 1929……Page 1009
Streetcars……Page 1010
Strike……Page 1011
Structural Unemployment……Page 1012
Studebaker……Page 1013
Suburbs, Rise Of……Page 1015
Sugar Act (1764)……Page 1017
Sullivan, Louis Henry……Page 1018
Supply And Demand……Page 1019
Surplus……Page 1020
Taft, William Howard……Page 1021
Taft-hartley Act……Page 1022
Tarbell, Ida Minerva……Page 1023
Tariff Of Abominations……Page 1025
Tariffs……Page 1026
Taylor, Frederick Winston……Page 1027
Tecumseh, Death Of……Page 1028
Temperance Movement……Page 1030
Tenements……Page 1032
Tennessee……Page 1033
Tennessee Valley Authority……Page 1035
Texas……Page 1037
Texas Annexation……Page 1040
Texas Company……Page 1041
Textile Industry……Page 1043
Thomas, Norman Mattoon……Page 1045
Times Mirror Co…….Page 1046
Tire And Rubber Industry……Page 1048
Tobacco……Page 1049
Tobacco Industry……Page 1050
Tobacco Trust……Page 1052
Tordesillas, Treaty Of……Page 1053
Townshend Acts……Page 1054
Trade……Page 1055
Trail Of Tears……Page 1056
Transcontinental Railroad……Page 1058
Transportation Act……Page 1059
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire……Page 1060
Triangular Trade……Page 1061
Tribute……Page 1062
Trippe, Juan Terry……Page 1063
Trucking Industry (commercial)……Page 1064
Truman, Harry S…….Page 1065
Trump, Donald John……Page 1066
Trust-busting……Page 1069
Tupper, Earl Silas……Page 1071
Turnpikes……Page 1073
Tyler Preemption Act Of 1841……Page 1074
Tyson Foods……Page 1075
Underground Railroad……Page 1077
Unemployment……Page 1079
Union Pacific Railroad Company……Page 1080
United Farm Workers……Page 1082
United Mine Workers (umw)……Page 1083
United Parcel Service Of America……Page 1084
United States Rubber Company……Page 1086
United States Steel……Page 1087
Upjohn Company……Page 1089
Urban Renewal……Page 1090
Urbanization……Page 1092
Utah……Page 1093
Utilities Industry……Page 1096
Utopian Communities, Communes……Page 1098
Vanderbilt, Cornelius……Page 1101
Vaudeville……Page 1102
Veblen, Thorstein Bonde……Page 1103
Vermont……Page 1104
Vietnam War……Page 1107
Virginia……Page 1109
Wage-price Controls……Page 1112
Wal-mart Stores……Page 1113
Walker, Francis Amasa……Page 1114
Wall Street……Page 1116
Wall Street Journal……Page 1117
Wallace, Henry……Page 1118
Walton, Sam Moore……Page 1119
War And Commercial Independence, 1790-1815……Page 1121
War And The Economy……Page 1125
War Industries Board (wib)……Page 1128
War Labor Disputes Act……Page 1129
War Of 1812……Page 1130
Warner, Jack Leonard……Page 1131
Washington……Page 1133
Washington, Booker Taliaferro……Page 1136
Washington, George……Page 1138
Watson, Thomas John……Page 1139
Welfare Policy……Page 1141
Welland Canal……Page 1143
Wells, Fargo And Company……Page 1144
West Virginia……Page 1145
Western Union Corporation……Page 1148
Westinghouse, George……Page 1149
Westward Expansion……Page 1150
Weyerhaeuser Company……Page 1153
Whaling Industry……Page 1154
Whiskey Rebellion……Page 1156
Wild And Scenic River Act……Page 1158
Wilson, Thomas Woodrow……Page 1159
Wisconsin……Page 1161
Women In The Workplace……Page 1164
Women’s Movement……Page 1167
Work Ethic……Page 1169
Working Conditions In Factories……Page 1170
World War I……Page 1172
World War II……Page 1174
Wozniak, Stephen Gary……Page 1176
Wright, Frank Lloyd……Page 1178
Wrigley, William, Jr…….Page 1180
Wyoming……Page 1182
Yellow Dog Contracts……Page 1185
Zenith Electronics Corporation……Page 1186

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