Encyclopedia of law enforcement

Larry E. Sullivan, Marie Simonetti Rosen, Dorothy Moses Schulz, Dr. Maria (Maki) Haberfeld9780761926498, 0-7619-2649-6

This three-volume Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement provides a comprehensive, critical, and descriptive examination of all facets of law enforcement on the state and local, federal and national, and international stages. This work is a unique reference source that provides readers with informed discussions on the practice and theory of policing in an historical and contemporary framework.В The volumes treat subjects that are particular to the area of state and local, federal and national, and international policing. Many of the themes and issues of policing cut across disciplinary borders, however, and several entries provide comparative information that places the subject in context.

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Table of contents :
Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement Volume 1 State and Local……Page 1
ISBN 0-7619-2649-6……Page 5
Contents……Page 6
List of Entries……Page 7
Reader’s Guide……Page 9
List of Contributors……Page 14
Introduction……Page 18
About the Editors……Page 22
ACCOUNTABILITY……Page 26
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN POLICING……Page 29
AIRPORT SECURITY……Page 31
AMERICA’S MOST WANTED……Page 32
ARREST……Page 34
ARSON INVESTIGATION……Page 36
ART THEFT INVESTIGATION……Page 37
ASSAULTS ON THE P……Page 39
ASSET FORFEITURE, STATE……Page 41
AUXILIARY/RESERVE/PART-TIME POLICE……Page 43
BALLISTICS……Page 46
BODY ARMOR……Page 49
BOMBS AND BOMB SQUADS……Page 51
BONDSMAN OR BAIL AGENT……Page 52
BOUNTY HUNTER……Page 54
“BROKEN WINDOWS” OR INCIVILITIES THESIS……Page 55
CALLS FOR SERVICE……Page 61
CAMPUS POLICING……Page 64
CANINE (K-9) UNITS……Page 66
CHAIN OF CUSTODY……Page 69
CHAPLAINS……Page 70
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM, LOCAL RESPONSE TO……Page 71
CHILD ABDUCTION INVESTIGATIONS……Page 73
CHILD MOLESTATION……Page 74
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY……Page 76
CHILD WELFARE……Page 77
CHRISTOPHER COMMISSION, THE……Page 79
CITIZEN POLICE ACADEMIES……Page 81
CITIZEN’S ARREST……Page 83
CIVIL LIABILITY……Page 84
CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY POLICE……Page 86
CIVILIAN COMPLAINT REVIEW BOARDS……Page 88
CLEARANCE RATES……Page 91
COLD CASE INVESTIGATIONS……Page 93
COMMUNICATIONS INTEROPERABILITY……Page 94
COMMUNITY POLICING……Page 98
COMMUNITY RELATIONS……Page 102
COMPLAINTS AGAINST POLICE……Page 104
COMPSTAT……Page 106
COMPUTER AIDED DISPATCH……Page 111
COMPUTER CRIME……Page 113
CONFESSIONS……Page 114
CONSENT DECREES……Page 117
CORONER AND MEDICAL EXAMINER SYSTEMS……Page 122
CORRUPTION/INTEGRITY……Page 125
COUNTERTERRORISM……Page 127
CRIME LABORATORIES……Page 129
CRIME MAPPING……Page 132
CRIME PREVENTION UNITS……Page 133
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION……Page 135
CRIME STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS……Page 140
CRIME STOPPERS……Page 145
CRISIS INTERVENTION……Page 146
CROWN HEIGHTS REPORT……Page 149
CULTURAL COMPETENCY TRAINING/SENSITIVITY TRAINING……Page 151
CURFEWS……Page 154
DEPOLICING……Page 157
DETECTIVES……Page 160
DISPATCH……Page 161
DNA……Page 163
DOCUMENT EXAMINERS……Page 167
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ENFORCEMENT……Page 169
DRUG ENFORCEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES……Page 172
DRUG POLICY AND LEGISLATION……Page 174
DRUG PREVENTION EDUCATION……Page 177
DRUG TESTING OF POLICE……Page 179
DRUG TRAFFICKING……Page 180
DRUNK DRIVING ENFORCEMENT……Page 182
DUTY BELT……Page 184
EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS……Page 185
EDUCATION OF POLICE……Page 187
ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE……Page 190
EMERGENCY SERVICES UNITS……Page 192
ETHICS……Page 194
EVALUATION OF OFFICERS……Page 199
EVIDENCE……Page 202
EXCLUSIONARY RULES……Page 207
EYEWITNESSES……Page 209
FINGERPRINTS……Page 212
FORENSIC ART……Page 214
FORENSIC SCIENCE……Page 215
FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS……Page 220
GANGS INVESTIGATION……Page 223
GAYS IN POLICING……Page 225
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM……Page 227
GUN CONTROL……Page 228
HATE CRIMES, LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE TO……Page 231
HIRING STANDARDS FOR POLICE……Page 233
HOMICIDE INVEST……Page 235
HOMICIDE TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES……Page 238
HOSTAGE NEGOTIATIONS……Page 241
HOT SPOTS……Page 244
HOUSING POLICE……Page 245
IDENTITY THEFT AND IDENTITY CRIMES……Page 248
IMMIGRANTS (POLICY TOWARD)……Page 253
INFORMANTS……Page 258
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES……Page 260
INSPECTORS GENERAL……Page 264
INTERAGENCY COOPERATION. . . OR NOT……Page 266
INTERNAL AFFAIRS……Page 269
INTERROGATION……Page 271
INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES……Page 274
JUVENILE CRIMES/PROGRAMS/UNITS……Page 278
KNAPP COMMISSION, THE……Page 281
LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION……Page 286
LAW ENFORCEMENT MEMORIALS……Page 288
LIE DETECTION……Page 290
LINEUPS……Page 293
LOITERING……Page 295
MCCONE COMMISSION, THE……Page 297
MENTALLY ILL, POLICE RESPONSE TO THE……Page 298
MILITARIZATION OF AMERICAN POLICE……Page 300
MIRANDA WARNINGS……Page 302
MISDEMEANORS……Page 305
MISSING PERSONS INVESTIGATIONS……Page 307
MOLLEN COMMISSION, THE……Page 308
MORALE……Page 311
MUNICIPAL POLICING……Page 312
NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY……Page 315
NATIONAL GUARD……Page 317
NATIONAL INCIDENT-BASED REPORTING SYSTEM (NIBRS)……Page 318
NEWS MEDIA AND POLICE……Page 320
NONLETHAL WEAPONS……Page 323
ORGANIZED CRIME CONTROL……Page 326
PAROLE OFFICERS……Page 330
PATROL METHODS, TACTICS, AND STRATEGIES……Page 332
PATROL SHIFTS……Page 334
PATROL WORK……Page 336
PEACE OFFICERS……Page 340
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF POLICE DEPARTMENTS……Page 341
PERP WALK……Page 345
PHYSICAL FITNESS AND TRAINING……Page 346
PLAIN VIEW DOCTRINE……Page 349
POLICE BRUTALITY……Page 350
POLICE CODE OF SILENCE……Page 351
POLICE CORPS……Page 353
POLICE DISCRETION……Page 354
POLICE EXPLORERS……Page 356
POLICE FICTION……Page 357
POLICE MANAGEMENT……Page 358
POLICE MEDIATION……Page 361
POLICE MISCONDUCT……Page 363
POLICE MUSEUMS……Page 365
POLICE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING COMMISSIONS (POST COMMISSIONS)……Page 366
POLICE OFFICERS’ BILL OF RIGHTS……Page 368
POLICE PURSUITS……Page 369
POLICE RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS……Page 370
POLICE SHOOTINGS……Page 372
POLICE TRAINING IN THE UNITED STATES……Page 375
PRIVATE POLICING……Page 379
PROBABLE CAUSE……Page 382
PROBATION OFFICERS……Page 386
PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING……Page 388
PROFILING, CRIMINAL PERSONALITY……Page 393
PROFILING, DRUG COURIER……Page 395
PROFILING, GEOGRAPHIC……Page 397
PROFILING, RACIAL……Page 398
PROSECUTORS……Page 401
PSYCHOLOGISTS/PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES……Page 403
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS/ATTITUDES TOWARD POLICE……Page 405
QUALITY-OF-LIFE ENFORCEMENT……Page 408
QUOTAS (TICKETS, ARRESTS)……Page 409
RACE RELATIONS……Page 411
RADAR……Page 415
RAMPART INVESTIGATION, THE……Page 416
RANK STRUCTURE……Page 419
REPEAT OFFENDERS……Page 420
RESPONSE TIME……Page 422
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE……Page 424
RIOTS/DEMONSTRATIONS (RESPONSE TO)……Page 426
RURAL POLICE……Page 427
SCHOOL CRIME/SECURITY/RESPONSE……Page 429
SEARCH AND SEIZURE……Page 431
SEARCH WARRANTS……Page 436
SERIAL MURDER INVESTIGATION……Page 438
SEX CRIME INVESTIGATION……Page 442
SEXUAL OFFENDER CIVIL COMMITMENT……Page 444
SHERIFFS……Page 446
SPECIAL JURISDICTION LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES……Page 449
SPECIAL VICTIMS UNITS……Page 453
STATE POLICE……Page 455
STATE WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAMS……Page 456
STOP AND FRISK……Page 458
STRESS……Page 459
SUICIDE BY COP……Page 461
SWAT TEAMS……Page 463
TASK FORCES……Page 465
TELEVISION (POLICE SHOWS)……Page 467
TERRORIST GROUPS, DOMESTIC……Page 469
TERRORIST GROUPS, FOREIGN……Page 473
THEORIES OF POLICING……Page 476
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT……Page 480
TRANSIT POLICE……Page 481
TRIBAL POLICING……Page 484
TRUANCY……Page 486
UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS……Page 488
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS……Page 490
USE OF FORCE……Page 493
VEHICLE SEARCHES……Page 497
VICTIMS, POLICE RESPONSE TO……Page 498
VIDEO IN PATROL CARS……Page 501
VIDOCQ SOCIETY……Page 503
VIGILANTES……Page 505
VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1994……Page 506
VOLUNTEERS……Page 508
WEAPONS……Page 512
WHISTLE-BLOWING……Page 514
WOMEN IN POLICING, STATE AND LOCAL……Page 516
ZERO TOLERANCE……Page 519
Master Bibliography……Page 521