Constructing civil liberties: discontinuities in the development of American constitutional law

Ken I. Kersch0521811783, 9780521811781, 9780511216930

This account of the development of the Supreme Court’s modern civil liberties and rights jurisprudence argues that the courts’ supposed “new concern” for “personal freedoms” (after the New Deal) actually developed as the outgrowth of a sequence of highly particular progressive-reformist ideological currents that formed the modern American state. The book’s theoretically-informed account of key paths of constitutional development thus weaves American political thought, American political development, and constitutional law together.

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Table of contents :
Contents……Page 7
Acknowledgments……Page 9
1 Introduction……Page 11
Toward an Affirmative Theory of Constitutional Development in the New American State……Page 21
The Disintegration of the Historical Conditions that Produce Whiggish Constitutional Histories……Page 15
A Note on Periodization……Page 23
Cases: Three Sites of the Construction of Civil Liberties in the New Constitutional Nation……Page 27
Site One – Reconstituting Privacy and Criminal Process Rights……Page 28
Site Two – Reconstituting Individual Rights: From Labor Rights to Civil Rights……Page 31
Site Three – Education Rights: Reconstituting the School……Page 33
Toward a Genealogy of Contemporary Constitutional Morals……Page 35
Introduction……Page 37
The Project of Legibility, the Fourth and Fifth Amendments, and the New American State: Introduction……Page 39
Prologue: Fourth and Fifth Amendment Rights before the Statebuilding Era……Page 43
Stirrings of Change from the Center……Page 48
The Project of Legibility: Preliminary Statebuilding Initiatives – and Constitutional Resistance……Page 50
The Social Construction of the “Criminaloid”……Page 52
Privacy and the Constitutional Resistance to the Progressive Imperative: The Initial Decisions of the 1880s……Page 55
The Launching of a Permanent Investigatory State – and Civil Libertarian Resistance……Page 59
The Campaign for Legibility and Publicity……Page 62
Negotiating a Sustainable Legal Order for the New American State……Page 72
Federal “Street Crime” Criminal Process Rights and the Reintegration of the Southern Periphery into the National Core……Page 76
The Next Reformist Campaign: Prohibition……Page 82
The New Court Initiative on Street Crime: Protecting Privacy in the Face of the Antialcohol Crusade……Page 84
Incorporation and the Black-Frankfurter Debate……Page 94
From Prohibition to Race: The Nationalization and Standardization of Police Procedures……Page 98
The Ascendancy of an Antiracist Reform Imperative……Page 101
Race, the Police, and Constitutional Criminal Procedure……Page 104
The Criminal Procedure Reform Imperative and the Problem of Democracy……Page 110
Alternative Paths: International Human Rights Standards or the Constitution?……Page 113
The Waning of Fourth and Fifth Amendment Rights in Service of the New Administrative State……Page 122
The Institutionalization of the Fourth and Fifth Amendment Retreat: The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure……Page 127
Race and the Warren-Era Criminal Process Revolution: The March of Domestic Atrocities……Page 131
Race, Privacy, and the New Court-Led Regulation of Search and Seizure in Street Crime Cases……Page 137
Conclusion……Page 142
Introduction……Page 144
Labor Individualism and Liberty: The Traditional Ideological Benchmark……Page 147
From Calling to Class: The Ideological Construction of the Union Worker……Page 153
Progressive Legalism: The Deconstructive and Reconstructive Project……Page 157
Parallel Developments: Aggregations, the Law of Antitrust, and the New Judicial Power……Page 165
Constructing the New Imperative of Labor Power: Labor Power as Industrial Democracy……Page 169
The Clayton Act Comes to the Court: Toward a Class-Based Constitutionalism of Collectivities……Page 177
Lean Years for the Reconstructive Project……Page 180
Crisis and the Revival of the Reconstructive Imperative……Page 183
Putting the Constitutional Imprimatur on the New Group-Oriented Order……Page 189
The Institutionalization of the New Order Concerning Labor……Page 197
Civil Rights and Labor Rights: Constitutional Progress Creates a New Barrier……Page 198
The Black Appropriation of the Class Approach: From the “Old Crowd” to the “New Negro”……Page 205
The Constitutional Politics of the New Negroes……Page 211
Labor and the Construction of Blacks as a Class: The Picketing Cases……Page 221
Reconstituting and Institutionalizing Contemporary “Civil Rights and Civil Liberties”……Page 227
Conclusion……Page 243
Introduction: The Absence of Education from Narratives of American Statebuilding……Page 245
Education and the American State before the Statebuilding Era……Page 247
The Common Law Order, Child Labor, and Compulsory School Attendance: Early Stirrings of State Construction……Page 253
Education in the Statebuilding Era: The Social Construction of Autonomous Intellectual Inquiry and the American State……Page 259
War, the Educational Imperative, and the State……Page 265
The Child as Creature of the State……Page 278
Reviving the Progressive Vision after the Lean Years: The Opportunities of the Crash……Page 287
Court and Classroom in the Mid-Twentieth Century: The New State and the New Pluralism……Page 293
The Promise of Speech and the Menace of Religion: Academic Freedom and Strict Separation……Page 297
Fears: The ColdWar and the Social Construction of aWaxing Roman Catholic Menace……Page 302
Hopes: Catholics and the Imagined Trajectory of Social and Political Progress……Page 310
Fears and Hopes and the Battle for the Future: Separationism and the Schools……Page 314
The Constructions of a State of Courts Concerning Education: Nationbuilding in the Supreme Court’s Religion Cases……Page 316
Science, Civil Rights, and theWaning of Anti-Catholicism: The Ecumenical Turn……Page 332
The Limits of Peace: Progress Through Contention……Page 335
Conclusion……Page 346
5 Conclusion……Page 348
The Rise of Global or World Constitutionalism……Page 351
Integrating the United States into the Global Constitution: How Lawyers and Judges Can Help……Page 358
Conclusion: Constructing Civil Liberties in the New Constitutional Nation……Page 369
Cases……Page 373
Index……Page 381