Broadband Telecommunications Handbook-VPNS,3GW,GPRS,MPLS,VoIP,SIP

Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Table of Contents……Page 2
Broadband Telecommunications Handbook, Second Edition……Page 18
Overview……Page 22
Basic Telecommunications Systems……Page 23
Components of the Telecommunications Networks……Page 24
Communications Network Architectures……Page 25
The Movement Toward Fiberoptic Networks……Page 26
The Intelligent Networks of Tomorrow……Page 28
Summary……Page 29
What Constitutes a Telecommunications System……Page 31
A Topology of Connections Is Used……Page 32
The Local Loop……Page 33
The Public-Switched Network……Page 34
Hooking Things Up……Page 35
Equipment……Page 36
History……Page 37
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)……Page 39
Users May Not Like It……Page 42
Internet-Based VPN……Page 44
Internet……Page 45
Outsourcing……Page 46
Security……Page 47
Key Handling……Page 50
Authentication……Page 51
Router-Based VPN……Page 55
VPN-Specific Boxes……Page 56
Throughput Comparison……Page 57
Proprietary Protocols……Page 58
Summary……Page 59
Intelligent Networks (INs)……Page 60
Advanced Intelligent Networks (AINs)……Page 61
Combining AIN and CTI Services……Page 62
The Intelligent Peripheral (IP)……Page 64
IP Services……Page 65
The Application……Page 66
Results of AIN……Page 67
Focus……Page 68
The Road to True LNP……Page 70
Basic LNP Networks……Page 72
The Terminology……Page 73
Before LNP……Page 74
LRN……Page 75
Using a Database Solution……Page 77
Triggering Mechanisms……Page 78
Other Issues……Page 80
Operator Services……Page 81
911 Services……Page 82
Simplifying the Wireless E-911 Call……Page 83
Overview……Page 85
The Computer World……Page 86
Other Possibilities……Page 88
Why All the Hype?……Page 90
Linking Computers and Communications……Page 91
The Technology Advancement……Page 93
The Final Bond……Page 94
Presignaling System 7……Page 96
Introduction to SS7……Page 97
What Is Out-of-Band Signaling?……Page 98
The SS7 Network Architecture……Page 99
Signaling Links……Page 101
The Link Architecture……Page 103
Combined Linksets……Page 104
Routes and Routesets……Page 105
SS7 Protocol Stack……Page 107
Basic Call Setup with ISUP……Page 108
SS7 and IP……Page 109
SCTP……Page 110
Overview of SIP Functionality……Page 112
SS7 and Wireless Intelligent Networks……Page 114
GSM Network Connection to SS7 Networks……Page 115
The Signaling Protocol Stack for GSM……Page 116
Telephone Network Interfaces……Page 118
Switching……Page 119
Voice Recording for Transaction Logging……Page 120
Technology Enhancements……Page 121
Other Technologies……Page 122
Integrated Voice Recognition and Response (IVR)……Page 123
E-mail Reader……Page 124
Summary……Page 125
Origins of ISDN……Page 127
Interfaces……Page 128
NT2……Page 132
Physical Delivery……Page 133
The U Interface……Page 135
Multiple Channels……Page 137
Packet Switching……Page 138
H11 Channels……Page 139
Signaling on the D Channel……Page 140
Installation Problems……Page 141
BRI Application……Page 142
Definitions……Page 143
Conclusion……Page 146
Frame Relay Defined……Page 147
What Can Frame Relay Bring to the Table?……Page 148
Where People Use Frame Relay……Page 149
The Frame……Page 151
The OSI Protocol Stack and Frame Relay……Page 152
Frame Relay Speeds……Page 155
Frame Relay Access……Page 156
Overall Frame Relay Core Protocols……Page 157
Carriers’ Implementation of IP-Enabled Frame Relay……Page 158
Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR)……Page 159
Provisioning PVCs and SVCs……Page 161
Benefits of SVCs……Page 162
Frame Relay Selected for Wireless Data on GPRS……Page 163
What Is ATM?……Page 164
Why the Interest in ATM?……Page 166
ATM Protocols……Page 167
Mapping Circuits Through an ATM Network……Page 169
The ATM Layered Architecture……Page 171
ATM Traffic Management……Page 172
Contention Management……Page 173
The Double Leaky Bucket……Page 175
Categories of Service……Page 177
Shaping the Traffic……Page 178
Normal Bandwidth Allocation……Page 179
LANE……Page 180
Voice over DSL and over ATM (VoDSL and VoATM)……Page 183
Integrated Access at the Local Loop……Page 185
ATM and Frame Relay Compared……Page 187
Frame Relay Revisited……Page 188
ATM Revisited……Page 189
Transparency Across the Network……Page 190
Data Exchange Interface (DXI)……Page 192
What Constitutes a Frame?……Page 194
Network Interworking……Page 196
Service Interworking Functions……Page 197
DXI Mode 1 A/B……Page 198
DXI Protocol Mode 1A……Page 199
DXI Protocol Mode 1B……Page 200
XI Mode 2……Page 201
Summary……Page 202
Overview……Page 203
Cable Television Transmission……Page 204
The Cable Infrastructure……Page 205
Signal Level……Page 207
Digital Video on Cable TV Systems……Page 208
Forming a Digital Video Signal……Page 209
DTV Solution Introduction……Page 210
Overview……Page 213
Cable TV Technology……Page 214
System Upgrades……Page 216
Cable Modems……Page 217
Standards……Page 219
Return Path……Page 220
Applications……Page 221
The Combined Corporate and End User Networking Strategies……Page 222
A Final Thought……Page 223
ADSL Defined……Page 224
Modem Technologies……Page 225
The Analog Modem History……Page 226
IDSL……Page 227
HDSL……Page 228
SDSL……Page 230
SHDSL……Page 231
VDSL……Page 232
The Hype of DSL Technologies……Page 233
Discreet Multitone……Page 234
Using DMT for the Universal ADSL Service (G.Lite)……Page 235
To Split or Not to Split……Page 236
CAP……Page 237
Provisioning xDSL……Page 238
Final Comment on Deployment……Page 242
Overview……Page 244
Other Applications……Page 248
How Do You Make the Right Choices?……Page 249
What About Bandwidth?……Page 250
The Choices Are Leased Lines, Fiber, or Microwave……Page 251
Microwave Radio Solutions……Page 252
Private User Microwave……Page 253
Limited Frequency Spectrum……Page 256
System Configuration……Page 257
Wireless Cable Sources……Page 258
Key Elements……Page 259
Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)……Page 260
Enter the Competitive Discussion……Page 261
WLL……Page 262
Not for Everyone……Page 263
Enter LMDS……Page 265
The Reasoning Behind LMDS……Page 266
Network Architectures Available to the Carriers……Page 268
Two-Way Service……Page 269
Propagation Issues……Page 270
Overview……Page 271
Motorola’s VSELP-Coding Signals for Efficient Transmission……Page 273
A Short Overview of Trunked Radio……Page 274
The Control Channel (CC)……Page 276
Service Areas and Licensing Blocks……Page 277
Spectral Efficiency with Frequency Hopping……Page 278
Digital Transition……Page 279
When Will You Need a Radio Service Provider?……Page 280
Coverage Areas……Page 281
Analog Cellular Systems……Page 282
Log On……Page 283
Failing Signal……Page 284
Setup of an Incoming Call……Page 285
The Handoff Occurs……Page 286
The Cell Site (Base Station)……Page 287
Frequency Reuse Plans and Cell Patterns……Page 288
Overlapping Coverage……Page 289
Cell Site Configurations……Page 290
Sectorized Cell Coverage……Page 291
Reuse of Frequencies……Page 292
Establishing a Call from a Landline to a Mobile……Page 293
Benchmarks in GSM……Page 295
GSM Metrics……Page 296
Cell Structure……Page 297
Types of Cells……Page 300
Analog to Digital Movement……Page 303
Bearer Services……Page 304
Supplementary Services……Page 305
GSM Architecture……Page 306
SIM……Page 307
The MS Function……Page 308
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)……Page 309
The TRAU……Page 310
MSC……Page 311
The Registers Completing the Network Switching Systems (NSSs)……Page 312
The Cell……Page 313
OSI Model Š How GSM Signaling Functions in the OSI Model……Page 314
Layer Functionality……Page 315
The MS to BTS Protocols……Page 316
Defining the Channels……Page 317
Primary GSM……Page 318
Extended GSM Radio Frequencies……Page 319
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)……Page 320
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)……Page 321
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)……Page 322
TDMA……Page 323
CDMA……Page 324
TDMA Frames……Page 325
Logical Channels……Page 326
Speech Coding on the Radio Link……Page 327
Convolutional Coding……Page 328
Digital Systems……Page 329
Digital Cellular Evolution……Page 330
TDMA……Page 331
CDMA……Page 332
Spread Spectrum Services……Page 333
The CDMA Cellular Standard……Page 335
Spread Spectrum Goals……Page 336
Synchronization……Page 337
Balancing the Systems……Page 338
The Reverse Channel……Page 339
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum……Page 340
Cellular and PCS Suppliers……Page 342
Final Thoughts……Page 343
Overview……Page 345
IP Routing……Page 347
Part of the Solution……Page 348
Applications That Demand Mobile IP……Page 349
Variations in Data Communications (Wireless)……Page 351
Pros and Cons to Wireless……Page 352
Overview……Page 354
The New Wave of Internet User……Page 355
GPRS……Page 357
The GPRS Story……Page 358
What Is GPRS?……Page 359
Motivation for GPRS……Page 360
Evolution of Wireless Data……Page 361
Wireless Data Technology Options……Page 362
The GSM Phase II Overlay Network……Page 364
Circuit-Switched or Packet-Switched Traffic……Page 365
Cells and Routing Areas……Page 367
Attaching to the Serving GPRS Support Node……Page 368
PDP Contexts……Page 369
Data Transfer……Page 370
GSM and NA-TDMA Evolution……Page 371
Textual and Visual Information……Page 372
Audio……Page 373
Vehicle Positioning……Page 374
Home Automation……Page 375
Overview……Page 376
GPRS……Page 377
EDGE……Page 379
UMTS……Page 381
WCDMA Features……Page 382
Mobile Internet Š A Way of Life……Page 383
Rich Voice……Page 384
Visions of Wireless……Page 386
Positioning the Mobile Industry……Page 388
UTRA……Page 389
USIM Cards/Smart Cards……Page 390
Spectrum for UMTS……Page 391
Purpose……Page 392
Commercial Providers……Page 394
How Do Satellites Work?……Page 395
Satellite Frequency Bands……Page 396
Geosynchronous-Earth-Orbit (GEO) Satellites……Page 398
Orbital Slots……Page 399
Satellite Installations……Page 400
LEO Meets GEO……Page 403
The Market for the Network……Page 404
Noise……Page 406
TCP/IP over Satellite……Page 407
Satellite and ATM……Page 408
Tailoring IP Can Accelerate Throughput……Page 409
Overview……Page 411
Low-Earth Orbit……Page 412
The Benefits of These Service Offerings……Page 416
Deployment and Spacing of Satellites……Page 417
The Space Segment……Page 418
The Cell Patterns……Page 420
Modulation Techniques……Page 421
Interconnecting to the PSTN……Page 422
Loral-Qualcomm……Page 423
The Difference Between T-x and DS-x……Page 425
DS-1 Framing Review……Page 426
Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM)……Page 427
The Framing Protocols: D4 Framing……Page 429
Contrasting the E-1 and DS-1 Frame……Page 430
Extended Superframe Format (ESF)……Page 431
Other Restrictions……Page 432
B8ZS……Page 433
T-2 Transmission (or DS-2)……Page 434
Framing Bits for the DS-2……Page 435
The DS-3 Frame Format……Page 437
The DS-3 Overhead Bits……Page 438
Background Leading to SONET Development……Page 439
The SONET Signal……Page 440
Why Bother Synchronizing?……Page 441
Overhead……Page 442
SONET Overhead……Page 444
Section Overhead……Page 445
Line Overhead……Page 446
POH……Page 448
Virtual Tributaries……Page 449
Add-Drop Multiplexing: A SONET Benefit……Page 450
Point-to-Point……Page 451
Hub and Spoke……Page 452
Evolution of SONET in the Rest of the World……Page 453
SDH……Page 454
Overview……Page 456
Plesiochronous……Page 457
SDH……Page 458
Data Transmission Rates……Page 459
The Multiplexing Scheme……Page 460
Why the Hype?……Page 468
The Model as It Pertains to SDH……Page 469
WDM……Page 471
Fiber Optics Summarized……Page 473
Multimode Fiber……Page 474
Benefits of Fiber over Other Forms of Media……Page 475
Back to WDM……Page 476
Why DWDM?……Page 477
A Brief History……Page 480
Veronica……Page 482
Hypertext……Page 483
Universal Resource Locator (URL)……Page 484
JavaŽ……Page 485
Cookies……Page 486
Standards……Page 487
Internet Operation……Page 488
Connectionless Network Services (CLNS)……Page 491
The Fields in the TCP Header……Page 493
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)……Page 494
Routers Versus Gateways……Page 495
Subnetting……Page 497
Network Address Translation (NAT)……Page 499
DHCP, BOOTP, ARP, and RARP……Page 500
Routing……Page 501
Dynamic Routing Tables……Page 503
Routing Versus Switching……Page 504
Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)……Page 505
Summary……Page 506
Overview……Page 507
VoIP……Page 509
QoS……Page 511
Applications for VoIP……Page 514
H.323 Protocol Suites……Page 516
Delay and Jitter on VoIP Networks……Page 520
Protocol Stack……Page 521
Standard IP Networking……Page 525
Subnet Masking……Page 530
Rules of Routing……Page 532
The Longest Match Syndrome……Page 533
Enter MPLS……Page 534
Traffic Engineering……Page 535
QoS Routing……Page 536
MPLS Forwarding Model……Page 537
MPLS Components……Page 538
Overview……Page 539
Web Page Organization……Page 540
Jokes……Page 542
Portal Products or Customized Web Pages……Page 543
Building a Community……Page 544
Thin Clients……Page 545
Secondary Markets……Page 546
Privacy Issues……Page 547
Purchasing Cooperatives……Page 548
Outsourcing……Page 549
Automating Customer Service……Page 550
Extranet……Page 552
TCP Filtering……Page 553
Stand-Alone System……Page 554
Virus Checking……Page 555
Firewall Rules Bases……Page 556
Proxies……Page 558
Reverse Proxy……Page 559
Proxy Security……Page 560
Administration……Page 561
Domain Name System (DNS)……Page 562
Fungible Services……Page 563
Network Management Goals……Page 564
History……Page 565
Network Management Function Interaction……Page 566
Database Structure……Page 567
Architecture……Page 569
The GUI……Page 571
Alarm History……Page 572
Network Mapping……Page 573
Security……Page 576
Java……Page 577
List of Figures……Page 579
List of Tables……Page 588