Water and Wastewater Treatment A Guide for the Nonengineering Professionals

Joanne E. Drinan9781587160493, 1587160498

This volume is the only resource that describes and explains in simple, non-mathematical terms the unit processes used to treat both drinking water and wastewater. Designed to meet the information needs of professionals without an engineering background, the text presents each unit process, states what function(s) it performs, illustrates what equipment it uses, and explains what its role is in the process of purifying or cleaning water. In addition, the book places water treatment technologies in the context of overall plant operation. In addition, it explains related topics such as plant management and environmental regulations.

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Table of contents :
Front Cover……Page 1
Table of Contents……Page 8
Preface……Page 14
Acknowledgements……Page 16
Management for Water and Wastewater Treatment Facilities……Page 18
Compliance with New, Changing, and Existing Regulations……Page 19
Staving Off Privatization……Page 20
Summary……Page 21
Part I: The Hydrogeologic Cycle……Page 22
1.2 The Water Cycle……Page 24
1.3 The Urban Water Cycle……Page 30
1.4 Sampling and Testing……Page 31
Summary……Page 33
Reference……Page 35
Part II: Basics of Water Treatment……Page 36
2.3 Water Quality: Federal Regulations……Page 38
2.4 Water Quality Characteristics……Page 41
2.5 Physical Water Quality Characteristics……Page 42
2.6 Chemical Water Quality Characteristics……Page 44
2.7 Biological Water Quality Characteristics……Page 52
References……Page 58
3.2 Water Treatment Unit Processes……Page 60
Reference……Page 64
4.2 Water Sources……Page 66
4.3 Process Purpose: Intake and Screening……Page 75
4.4 Process Equipment: Screening……Page 79
Summary……Page 86
5.1 Process Purpose……Page 88
5.2 Coagulant Chemicals……Page 91
5.3 Process Operation: Coagulation……Page 93
References……Page 94
6.3 Process Operation……Page 96
Summary……Page 99
7.2 Process Equipment……Page 100
Summary……Page 105
8.1 Process Purpose……Page 106
8.2 Chlorination……Page 109
8.3 Alternative Methods of Disinfection……Page 112
8.4 Membrane Processes……Page 116
Summary……Page 118
9.1 Process Purpose and Method……Page 120
9.2 Process Equipment……Page 123
Reference……Page 129
Part III: Basics of Wastewater Treatment……Page 130
10.2 Purpose: Wastewater Treatment……Page 132
10.4 Wastewater Characteristics……Page 134
Reference……Page 143
11.2 Wastewater Sources and General Constituents……Page 144
11.3 Average Wastewater Physical Characteristics……Page 147
Reference……Page 148
12.1 Wastewater Treatment……Page 150
Summary……Page 154
13.2 Collection System Types……Page 156
13.3 Collection System Components……Page 160
13.4 Construction Materials……Page 163
13.6 Line Cleaning……Page 166
13.7 Common Collection System Problems……Page 170
13.8 New Technologies……Page 173
Reference……Page 175
14.2 Process Purpose and Equipment……Page 176
Summary……Page 185
15.2 Process Equipment: Sedimentation Tanks……Page 186
Summary……Page 190
16.1 Process Purpose……Page 192
16.3 Trickling Filters……Page 195
16.4 Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)……Page 201
16.5 Treatment Ponds and Lagoons……Page 203
16.6 Activated Sludge Systems……Page 206
Summary……Page 211
17.2 Secondary Settling……Page 212
Summary……Page 215
18.1 Process Purpose……Page 216
18.2 Advanced Treatment Processes……Page 218
References……Page 223
19.2 Chlorination……Page 224
19.3 Dechlorination……Page 228
19.4 UV (Ultraviolet) Radiation……Page 230
19.5 Ozonation……Page 234
19.7 No Disinfection……Page 235
Summary……Page 237
20.2 Wastewater Discharge……Page 238
20.3 Wastewater Reuse……Page 241
Summary……Page 243
Part IV: Basics of Water and Wastewater Solids Treatment and Management……Page 244
21.1 Process Purpose: Water Treatment Sludges……Page 246
21.4 Softening Sludge (Lime Sludge) Treatment Processes……Page 248
References……Page 249
22.1 Water Sludge Treatment Processes……Page 250
22.4 Conditioning……Page 253
Summary……Page 254
References……Page 258
23.2 Sewage Biosolids Regulations……Page 260
23.4 Public Opinion and Odor Control……Page 263
References……Page 264
24.2 Thickening……Page 266
24.3 Stabilization……Page 269
24.5 Conditioning……Page 274
24.6 Dewatering……Page 275
Summary……Page 283
References……Page 285
25.2 Disposal Methods……Page 286
25.3 Land……Page 288
25.4 Composting……Page 290
25.5 Incineration……Page 294
25.6 Types of Incinerators……Page 295
25.7 Ash Disposal Versus Reuse……Page 303
References……Page 305
APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF MAJOR AMENDMENT PROVISIONS FOR THE 1996 SDWA REGULATIONS……Page 306
A……Page 314
B……Page 315
C……Page 316
D……Page 317
F……Page 319
I……Page 320
M……Page 321
O……Page 322
P……Page 323
S……Page 324
V……Page 326
Z……Page 327
C……Page 328
E……Page 329
M……Page 330
S……Page 331
W……Page 332
Z……Page 333