Pesticides in Surface Waters – Distribution Trends and Governing Factors

Steven J. Larson, Paul D. Capel, Michael Majewski9781575040066, 1-57504-006-9

Pesticde use in agriculture and non-agriculture settings has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Concern about adverse effects on the environment and human health has spurred an enormous amount of research into their environmental behavior and fate. Pesticides in Surface Waters presents a comprehensive summary of this research.This book evaluates published studies that focus on measuring pesticide concentration. The studies chosen include peer reviewed scientific literature, government reports, laboratory studies, and those using microcosms and artificial streams and ponds. The authors used this information to develop their overview of pesticide contamination of surface waters.The exhaustive compilation of data along with the fundamental science make this book essential for those involved in pesticide use, environmental protection, water quality, and human or ecological risk assessment. Pesticides in Surface Waters covers the results of actual studies, sources of pesticides to surface water, fate and transport, and environmental significance. Hundreds of data-packed tables, maps, charts, and drawings illustrate the key points, making research and application easy and cost effective.

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Table of contents :
PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS: Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors……Page 2
INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES……Page 5
PREFACE……Page 7
EDITOR’S NOTE……Page 8
CONTENT……Page 9
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 11
LIST OF TABLES……Page 14
CONVERSION FACTORS……Page 15
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS……Page 16
ABSTRACT……Page 18
1.1 PURPOSE……Page 19
Table of Contents……Page 0
1.2 PREVIOUS REVIEWS……Page 20
1.3 APPROACH……Page 25
2.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 27
2.3 TARGET ANALYTES……Page 33
2.5 TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION……Page 38
2.7 ANALYTICAL LIMITS OF DETECTION……Page 39
2.8 INFLUENCE OF STUDY DESIGN……Page 41
3.1 OCCURRENCE……Page 149
3.2 NATIONAL PESTICIDE USE……Page 151
AGRICULTURAL USE……Page 152
PESTICIDE USE IN URBAN AREAS……Page 193
PESTICIDE USE IN FORESTRY……Page 196
AQUATIC PESTICIDE USE……Page 199
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES……Page 200
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES……Page 206
TRlAZlNE AND ACETANlLlDE HERBICIDES……Page 210
PHENOXY ACID HERBICIDES……Page 216
Herbicides……Page 222
Insecticides……Page 223
Fungicides……Page 224
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES……Page 225
TRlAZlNE AND ACETANlLlDE HERBICIDES……Page 227
PESTICIDES FROM AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS……Page 233
PESTICIDES FROM FORESTRY APPLICATIONS……Page 235
PESTICIDES FROM ROADWAYS AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY……Page 236
PESTICIDES FROM URBAN AND SUBURBAN APPLICATIONS……Page 237
PESTICIDES FROM AQUATIC APPLICATIONS……Page 238
PESTICIDES FROM MANUFACTURING WASTE AND ACCIDENTAL SPILLS……Page 239
PESTICIDES FROM GROUND WATER……Page 240
PESTICIDES FROM THE ATMOSPHERE……Page 241
PESTICIDES FROM BED SEDIMENTS……Page 242
TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES……Page 243
PHASE-TRANSFER PROCESSES……Page 246
TRANSPORT OF PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS……Page 248
5.1 SEASONAL PAlTERNS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE……Page 250
5.2 SOURCES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF PESTICIDES INREMOTE WATER BODIES……Page 259
5.3 IMPACT OF URBAN-USE PESTICIDES ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY……Page 261
5.4 IMPACT OF FORESTRY-USE PESTICIDES ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY……Page 263
5.5 PESTICIDE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN SURFACE WATERS……Page 265
5.6 MODELING OF PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS……Page 268
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY MODELS……Page 269
RUNOFF MODELS……Page 271
MULTIMEDIA MODELS……Page 273
USE OF MODELS……Page 275
6.1 IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH……Page 277
PESTICIDE CONCENTRATIONS EXCEEDING AQUATIC-LIFE CRITERIA VALUES……Page 289
FISH KILLS ATTRIBUTED TO PESTICIDES……Page 292
EFFECTS OF ATRAZINE ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND ECOSYSTEMS……Page 293
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE TRANSFORMATIONPRODUCTS IN SURFACE WATERS……Page 294
CHAPTER 7: Summary and Conclusions……Page 298