Nuclear Energy Sixth Edition An Introduction to the Concepts Systems and Applications of Nuclear

Raymond L. Murray9780123705471, 0123705479, 9780080919447

Nuclear Energy is one of the most popular texts ever published on basic nuclear physics, systems, and applications of nuclear energy. This newest edition continues the tradition of offering a holistic treatment of everything the undergraduate engineering student needs to know in a clear and accessible way. Presented is a comprehensive overview of radioactivity, radiation protection, nuclear reactors, waste disposal, and nuclear medicine. . New coverage on nuclear safety concerns following 9/11, including radiation and terrorism, nuclear plant security, and use of nuclear techniques to detect weapons materials . New facts on nuclear waste management, including the Yucca Mountain repository . New developments in the use of nuclear-powered systems for generating cheap and abundant hydrogen from water using nuclear technology . New information on prospects for new nuclear power reactors and their applications for electricity and desalination . New end-of-chapter Exercises and Answers, lists of Internet resources, and updated references. . New instructor web site including Solutions to Exercises and PowerPoint slides . New student web site containing computer programs for use with Computer Exercises

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Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
Copyright Page……Page 2
Dedication Page……Page 3
Preface……Page 4
About the Author……Page 6
Forces and Energy……Page 7
Thermal Energy……Page 9
Radiant Energy……Page 11
The Equivalence of Matter and Energy……Page 12
Energy and the World……Page 13
Exercises……Page 14
Computer Exercises……Page 15
General References……Page 16
References……Page 17
Atomic Theory……Page 19
The Atom and Light……Page 20
Laser Beams……Page 24
Nuclear Structure……Page 25
Binding Energy……Page 27
Exercises……Page 29
References……Page 31
Radioactive Decay……Page 33
The Decay Law……Page 34
Radioactive Chains……Page 37
Measurement of Half-Life……Page 39
Summary……Page 40
Exercises……Page 41
Computer Exercises……Page 42
References……Page 43
Transmutation of Elements……Page 45
Energy and Momentum Conservation……Page 47
Reaction Rates……Page 48
Particle Attenuation……Page 52
Neutron Cross Sections……Page 53
Neutron Migration……Page 55
Exercises……Page 60
Computer Exercises……Page 63
References……Page 64
Excitation and Ionization by Electrons……Page 66
Heavy Charged Particle Stopping by Matter……Page 67
Photon-Electron Scattering……Page 69
Electron-Positron Pair Production……Page 70
Summary……Page 73
Exercises……Page 74
References……Page 75
The Fission Process……Page 76
Energy Considerations……Page 77
Byproducts of Fission……Page 79
Energy from Nuclear Fuels……Page 82
Exercises……Page 83
References……Page 84
Fusion Reactions……Page 86
Electrostatic and Nuclear Forces……Page 87
Thermonuclear Reactions in a Plasma……Page 89
Computer Exercises……Page 91
References……Page 92
Electric and Magnetic Forces……Page 94
High-Voltage Machines……Page 96
Linear Accelerator……Page 97
Cyclotron and Betatron……Page 98
Synchrotron and Collider……Page 100
Spallation……Page 103
Summary……Page 104
Exercises……Page 105
Computer Exercises……Page 106
References……Page 107
Mass Spectrograph……Page 109
Gaseous Diffusion Separator……Page 110
Gas Centrifuge……Page 116
Laser Isotope Separation……Page 118
Summary……Page 119
Exercises……Page 120
References……Page 122
Radiation Detectors……Page 124
Gas Counters……Page 125
Neutron Detectors……Page 126
Scintillation Counters……Page 128
Solid State Detectors……Page 129
Statistics of Counting……Page 131
Pulse Height Analysis……Page 132
Advanced Detectors……Page 133
Detectors and Counterterrorism……Page 134
Exercises……Page 135
Computer Exercises……Page 137
References……Page 138
Criticality and Multiplication……Page 140
Multiplication Factors……Page 141
Neutron Flux and Reactor Power……Page 146
Neutron Energy……Page 147
Structural Materials……Page 148
Reactor Operation……Page 151
Exercises……Page 155
Computer Exercises……Page 157
References……Page 158
Heat Generation and Removal……Page 160
Steam Generation and Electrical Power Production……Page 166
Waste Heat Rejection……Page 168
Summary……Page 172
Exercises……Page 173
Computer Exercises……Page 174
References……Page 175
The Concept of Breeding……Page 177
Isotope Production and Consumption……Page 179
The Fast Breeder Reactor……Page 180
Integral Fast Reactor……Page 184
Breeding and Uranium Resources……Page 185
Exercises……Page 189
References……Page 190
Comparison of Fusion Reactions……Page 193
Requirements for Practical Fusion Reactors……Page 195
Magnetic Confinement Machines……Page 197
Inertial Confinement Machines……Page 201
Other Fusion Concepts……Page 204
Prospects for Fusion……Page 206
Exercises……Page 209
References……Page 210
The Rise of Nuclear Physics……Page 213
The Discovery of Fission……Page 214
The Development of Nuclear Weapons……Page 215
Reactor Research and Development……Page 217
The Nuclear Controversy……Page 219
Summary……Page 221
References……Page 222
Biological Effects of Radiation……Page 225
Physiological Effects……Page 226
Radiation Dose Units……Page 227
Basis for Limits of Exposure……Page 230
Sources of Radiation Dosage……Page 234
Radiation and Terrorism……Page 235
Exercises……Page 236
References……Page 237
Information from Isotopes……Page 240
Tracer Techniques……Page 241
Radiopharmaceuticals……Page 243
Medical Imaging……Page 244
Radioimmunoassay……Page 245
Dating……Page 247
Neutron Activation Analysis……Page 248
Radiography……Page 252
Radiation Gaugesdagger……Page 254
Summary……Page 256
Exercises……Page 257
References……Page 259
Medical Treatment……Page 263
Radiation Preservation of Food……Page 265
Sterilization of Medical Supplies……Page 270
Crop Mutations……Page 271
Insect Control……Page 272
Transmutation Doping of Semiconductors……Page 273
Neutrons in Fundamental Physics……Page 274
Neutrons in Biological Studies……Page 276
Research with Synchrotron X-rays……Page 277
Exercises……Page 278
References……Page 279
Neutron Population Growth……Page 283
Assurance of Safety……Page 287
Emergency Core Cooling and Containment……Page 294
Probabilistic Risk Assessment……Page 297
The Three Mile Island Accident and Lessons Learned……Page 300
The Chernobyl Accident……Page 303
Philosophy of Safety……Page 305
Nuclear Security……Page 306
Summary……Page 307
Exercises……Page 308
Computer Exercises……Page 311
References……Page 312
Reactors for Naval Propulsiondagger……Page 316
Space Reactors……Page 318
Space Isotopic Power……Page 320
Future Nuclear Space Applications……Page 324
Computer Exercises……Page 327
References……Page 328
Protective Measures……Page 331
Calculation of Dose……Page 333
Effects of Distance and Shielding……Page 334
Internal Exposure……Page 340
The Radon Problem……Page 341
Environmental Radiological Assessment……Page 342
Newer Radiation Standards……Page 344
Exercises……Page 347
Computer Exercises……Page 349
References……Page 350
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle……Page 353
Waste Classification……Page 355
Spent Fuel Storage……Page 357
Transportation……Page 358
Reprocessing……Page 361
High-Level Waste Disposal……Page 364
Low-Level Waste Generation, Treatment, and Disposal……Page 370
Environmental Restoration of Defense Sites……Page 377
Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning……Page 378
Summary……Page 379
Exercises……Page 380
Computer Exercises……Page 382
References……Page 383
The Atomic Energy Acts……Page 386
The Environmental Protection Agency……Page 387
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission……Page 388
The Department of Energy……Page 390
International Atomic Energy Agency……Page 391
Institute of Nuclear Power Operations……Page 392
Other Organizations……Page 395
Energy Policy Acts……Page 399
Summary……Page 400
References……Page 401
Components of Electrical Power Cost……Page 405
Forecasts and Reality……Page 408
Technical and Institutional Improvements……Page 413
Effect of Deregulation and Restructuring……Page 415
Advanced Reactors……Page 417
Nuclear Power Renaissance……Page 419
Exercises……Page 423
References……Page 424
International Nuclear Power……Page 426
Reactor Distribution……Page 427
Western Europe……Page 430
Eastern Europe and the CIS……Page 432
The Far East……Page 434
Other Countries……Page 435
Summary……Page 437
References……Page 438
Nuclear Power Versus Nuclear Weapons……Page 441
Nuclear Explosives……Page 442
The Prevention of Nuclear War……Page 448
Nonproliferation and Safeguards……Page 451
IAEA Inspections……Page 453
Production of Tritium……Page 454
Management of Weapons Uranium and Plutonium……Page 455
Computer Exercises……Page 457
References……Page 458
The Future……Page 461
Dimensions……Page 462
World Energy Use……Page 463
Nuclear Energy and Sustainable Development……Page 466
Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change……Page 468
Perspectives……Page 471
Desalination……Page 475
Recycling and Breeding……Page 476
The Hydrogen Economy……Page 477
Next Generation Nuclear Plant……Page 479
Computer Exercises……Page 481
References……Page 482
Conversion Factors……Page 486
Atomic and Nuclear Data……Page 487
Answers to Exercises……Page 491
Comments……Page 496
Original Computer Programs……Page 497
A……Page 500
B……Page 501
C……Page 502
E……Page 504
F……Page 506
H……Page 507
I……Page 508
L……Page 509
M……Page 510
N……Page 511
O……Page 512
P……Page 513
R……Page 514
S……Page 515
T……Page 517
W……Page 518
Z……Page 519