New Millennium Fibers

Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn O. Phillips, Machiko Takigami9780849325984, 0-8493-2598-6

Looking forward to the future it is clear that today’s narrow concept of fiber as a basic element for textiles, ropes and nets will become an outmoded notion. The emphasis will instead shift to new and exciting developments in fiber technology and their applications, exploring such fields as biomimetics, nanotechnology and biodegradability. ??New millennium fibers describes and identifies the scope of high-tech fibers. The present status and prospects of the fiber/textile technology are discussed and the high performance fibers are reviewed from origin to future applications, including carbon fiber. The themes of the book are summarised with a discussion on health care and the environment. ?? As the 21st century progresses fibers will enter into more novel and unexpected applications. We are approaching the age of the wearable computer and organic electroluminescence wearable displays. New potential is open in the fields of car and aerospace industry, civil engineering, separation membranes using hollow fibers for artificial organs, biodegradable fiber for ecological conservation and fibers with biological functions. ? ?New millennium fibers explores the exciting roles that fibers will play in the future and will be an essential book for all of those in the textile and fashion industry involved in fiber development or use.

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Table of contents :
New millennium fibers……Page 3
Related titles from Woodhead’s textile technology list:……Page 2
Contents……Page 5
Preface……Page 8
Author contact details……Page 11
1.1 The importance of fiber in human life……Page 12
Table of Contents……Page 0
1.2 What is high-tech fiber?……Page 15
1.3 Natural versus synthetic fiber……Page 21
1.4.2 Lessons from the silkworm……Page 23
1.4.3 Learning simultaneous polymerization and spinning from nature……Page 24
1.4.4 From homogeneous intelligent materials to nonhomogeneous intelligent materials……Page 25
1.5.1 Narrow and broad definitions of fiber……Page 26
1.6.1 Three characteristics and three shapes……Page 27
1.6.2 Peace of mind and natural remedy……Page 28
1.7 Fibers as hierarchical structures……Page 29
1.8.1 Systematic fiber/textile science has a warp and weft……Page 30
1.8.2 Flexibility……Page 32
1.8.3 Structural control in the fiber cross-section……Page 33
1.2 What is high-tech fiber?……Page 39
1.3 Natural versus synthetic fiber……Page 40
1.7 Fibers as hierarchical structures……Page 41
1.8 What should we investigate in the field of fiber and textiles?……Page 42
2.1.1 Fiber as a major technical strategy in Japan……Page 43
2.2.1 Asian fiber manufacturers hotly pursue Europe/US manufacturers……Page 46
2.2.2 Studies in Japan now watched by the world……Page 48
2.2.4 Development of biodegradable fiber……Page 50
2.3 New fibers for the next generation have arrived……Page 54
2.3.1 Petrochemical companies advance in fiber industry……Page 55
2.3.2 Development of PTT fiber ‘Solo’……Page 56
2.5 Key words for the near future……Page 58
2.6 How to develop new application fields……Page 60
2.7 New frontier field now growing……Page 62
2.7.1 Developments in the medical field……Page 63
2.7.2 Enlargement of use for industrial materials……Page 66
2.5 Key words for the near future……Page 74
2.7 New frontier field now growing……Page 75
3.1.1 Conventional fibers and superfibers……Page 76
3.1.2 Ultimate strength of conventional synthetic fiber……Page 78
3.2 Development of superfiber in Europe, the United States and Japan……Page 79
3.3 Superfiber as a reinforcing material……Page 80
3.3.1 Application for transportation (bicycle and car)……Page 81
3.3.4 Civil engineering……Page 84
3.3.5 Need for standard specifications……Page 85
3.4.1 Kevlar, liquid crystal spun para-aramid fiber……Page 87
3.4.2 Technora®, wet-spun para-aramid fiber……Page 89
3.4.3 Thermotropic liquid crystalline spun Vectran® fiber……Page 90
3.4.4 Zylon®……Page 92
3.4.5 Gel spinning of flexible polymer……Page 98
3.4.6 Prospects for superfiber……Page 99
3.5 Nanofiber (carbon nanotube)……Page 102
3.6 High polyketone fiber……Page 103
3.3 Superfiber as a reinforcing material……Page 106
3.4 Frontiers of superfiber application……Page 107
3.5 Nanofiber (carbon nanotube)……Page 108
3.6 High polyketone fiber……Page 109
4.1.1 Carbon fiber in high technology……Page 110
4.1.2 PAN-based carbon fiber goes around the world……Page 112
4.1.3 Carbon fiber used for impeller blade of jet engines……Page 113
4.2.1 Advanced composite material (ACM)……Page 114
4.2.2 Applications in fishing rod, golf and tennis in Japan, and aircraft/space in Europe and the United States……Page 117
4.2.4 CF composite material specification announcement for ‘Boeing 777 type’……Page 118
4.2.5 The American ‘black shaft’ main jib……Page 121
4.2.6 Two major characteristics of carbon fiber……Page 122
4.2.7 Japanese enterprises started from acrylic fiber……Page 123
4.2.10 Development of supersonic transport (SST)……Page 124
4.2.11 Expansion to geotextiles……Page 127
4.2.12 The first building in the world to use a space truss made of C-FRP……Page 128
4.2.13 Application for clean energy……Page 131
4.2.14 Safety-related fields……Page 133
4.2.15 Application in other fields……Page 134
4.2.16 New applications in the field of aqueous environment……Page 135
4.3 The future of PAN-based carbon fiber……Page 138
4.4 Bibliography……Page 139
5.1.2 The concept of function will change according to consumer needs……Page 141
5.2.1 High function sportswear……Page 155
5.2.2 Sportswear for speed competition……Page 160
5.3.1 Cooler feeling Eval fiber Sophista®……Page 162
5.3.2 Comfort feeling materials, CORTICO®……Page 165
5.3.3 ARTIROSATM having comfort function……Page 168
5.4.1 The history of synthetic fiber development is the history of biomimetics……Page 169
5.4.2 The challenge to harness nature……Page 170
5.5.3 Mobile fuel cell using hollow fiber……Page 177
5.5.4 Fibrous titanium oxide optical catalyst……Page 178
5.1 Prospects for high function fiber development……Page 179
5.4 Biomimetic and intelligent fibers……Page 182
6.1.1 Health is on the balance of physical/mental/social well-being……Page 184
6.1.2 Healthy Japanese in the twenty-first century……Page 186
6.1.3 The clothes which intercept stimuli from the natural world……Page 187
6.2.1 Learn from fiber of the living body……Page 190
6.2.2 Care products demand rises in aging society……Page 191
6.2.3 Clothes which are useful for health maintenance……Page 192
6.2.4 Development of a guard vest for jockeys in flat horse racing and steeplechases……Page 194
6.3 Development trend of comfortable fiber for health……Page 195
6.4.1 Evaluating new functions of fiber products……Page 197
6.4.2 Fiber with water and moisture absorbency……Page 200
6.4.3 Antimicrobial fibers……Page 206
6.4.4 Antimicrobial treatment against MRSA……Page 209
6.4.5 The causes and measures of unpleasant odors……Page 210
6.4.6 The smell of cigarettes is very complicated……Page 212
6.4.7 Formaldehyde deodorant processing ‘Deofor’……Page 213
6.5.1 Various kinds of approach to maintain health……Page 215
6.5.4 Stimuli relaxation fiber……Page 217
6.5.5 Environmental conservation fiber……Page 218
6.5.6 Pursuit of fiber to maintain physical and mental health……Page 219
6.6.1 Nisshinbo and Teijin were at the forefront……Page 223
6.6.3 New comfort business shirt material ‘AzekTM’……Page 224
6.6.4 A new comfort business shirt from various companies……Page 225
6.6.5 Comfortable underwear……Page 226
6.7 Bibliography……Page 227
7.1 The concept and effects of dietary fiber……Page 229
7.1.2 Fermentation product effects……Page 230
7.1.3 Health benefits……Page 231
7.2 Hydrocolloid fibers……Page 232
7.2.1 Thickening characteristics……Page 233
7.2.2 Gelling characteristics……Page 236
7.3.1 Gum arabic……Page 238
7.3.2 Galactomannan seed gums……Page 242
7.3.3 Konjac mannan……Page 243
7.3.4 Xanthan gum……Page 245
7.3.5 Gellan gum……Page 247
7.3.6 Carrageenan……Page 248
7.3.8 Alginate……Page 250
7.3.10 Cellulosics……Page 251
7.3.11 b-Glucans……Page 252
7.4.1 Methods of measuring dietary fiber……Page 254
7.5 The appropriate molecular features to achieve Effective colon performance……Page 255
7.6 Bibliography……Page 256
8.1 Nonwoven……Page 258
8.2 Alginate fibers……Page 259
8.3 Superabsorbent fibers……Page 261
8.4 Wound healing and polysaccharide fibers……Page 262
8.4.1 Natural systems……Page 263
8.4.2 Cellulosic membranes……Page 265
8.5 Hyaluronan – a new medical fiber……Page 266
8.7 Collagen: medical applications……Page 272
8.8.1 Textile medical sensors (Lieva van Langenhove and Carla Hertleer, Ghent University)……Page 274
8.8.2 Textiles in burns treatment (J. Edwards, Wythenshaw Hospital, Manchester)……Page 275
8.8.3 Textile finishing for the production of new generation medical textiles (N. D. Oltargevskaya and G. E. Krichevsky, Educational Textile Institute, Russia)……Page 277
8.8.5 A spider silk supportive matrix used for cartilage regeneration (Kris Gellynck, Peter Verdonk, Fredrik Almqvist, Els Van Nimmen, Domir De Bakker, Lieva van Langenhove, Johan Mertens, Gust Verbruggen, Paul Kiekens, Ghent University)……Page 278
8.9 Bibliography……Page 279
9.1 Background……Page 280
9.1.1 From biomimetics to super biomimetic……Page 281
9.2.1 Generation of innovative technology using nanofibers……Page 282
9.2.2 Defining characteristics of nanofiber……Page 284
9.3.3 Biomedical nanofiber……Page 294
9.3.5 Ecology materials……Page 296
9.4 Researches and global developments of nanofiber……Page 297
9.6 References……Page 298