MicroscopyTechniques for MaterialsScience muya

A. Clarke, C. Eberhardt9780849315527, 0-8493-1552-2, 1-85573-587-3

Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
Title Page……Page 2
ISBN 0849315522……Page 3
2. Digital Imaging and Processing……Page 5
5. Complementary Optical and EM Imaging Techniques……Page 6
Index……Page 7
Preface……Page 8
Acknowledgements……Page 11
List of Figures……Page 14
List of Tables……Page 26
1.1 Introduction……Page 29
1.2 Characteristics of EM Radiation……Page 35
1.3 Propagation of Light Waves……Page 50
1.4 Elements of Microscope Designs……Page 73
1.5 Photonics……Page 99
1.6 References……Page 110
1.7 Bibliography……Page 111
2.1 Introduction……Page 112
2.2 Digital Data……Page 114
2.3 The History of Digital Computing……Page 118
2.4 Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs)……Page 136
2.5 Digitisation and ADCs……Page 142
2.6 Digital Images……Page 151
2.7 Storage and Retrieval of Images……Page 157
2.8 Image Enhancement……Page 163
2.9 Errors and Stereology……Page 182
2.10 References……Page 185
3.1 Introduction……Page 189
3.2 A Large Area Automated, High Spatial Resolution Microscope (LAAM)……Page 205
3.3 Case Study: Fibre Orientations within Injection-Moulded Composites……Page 225
3.4 Case Study: the Measurement of Fibre Lengths in Image Fields……Page 238
3.5 Latest Developments……Page 244
3.6 References……Page 250
4.1 Principles of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy……Page 254
4.2 Modern CLSMs……Page 261
4.3 Optical Sectioning Capability of the CLSM……Page 266
4.4 Calibration Issues……Page 275
4.5 Imaging Modes……Page 280
4.6 Case Study: Thin Film Particulate Analysis……Page 293
4.7 Case Study: Fibre Waviness……Page 304
4.9 References……Page 324
5.1 Introduction……Page 331
5.2 Raman Microscopy……Page 333
5.3 Scanning Probe Microscopy/Near-Field Microscopy……Page 340
5.4 Miscellaneous Optical and EM Techniques……Page 348
5.5 X-Ray Microscopy/Tomography/Microtomography……Page 357
5.6 Case Study: X-Ray Microtomography of Fibrous Structures……Page 363
5.7 References……Page 379
6. Other Microscopy Techniques……Page 384
6.1 Electron Microscopy (SEM/TEM)……Page 387
6.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)……Page 397
6.3 Ultrasonics and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy……Page 402
6.4 Case Study: Ultrasonic Mapping of 3D Stiffness Constants of Composite Materials……Page 406
6.5 Epilogue……Page 430
6.6 References……Page 432
A……Page 436
B……Page 438
C……Page 440
D……Page 444
E……Page 446
F……Page 448
G……Page 452
H……Page 453
I……Page 454
L……Page 458
M……Page 460
N……Page 464
O……Page 465
P……Page 467
R……Page 471
S……Page 474
T……Page 479
V……Page 481
W……Page 483
Z……Page 484