Particle image velocimetry: new developments and recent applications

Andreas Schröder, Andreas Schröder, Christian E. Willert3540735275, 9783540735274

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive optical measurement technique which allows capturing several thousand velocity vectors within large flow fields instantaneously. Today, the PIV technique has spread widely and differentiated into many distinct applications, from micro flows over combustion to supersonic flows for both industrial needs and research. Over the past decade the measurement technique and the hard- and software have been improved continuously so that PIV has become a reliable and accurate method for “real life” investigations. Nevertheless there is still an ongoing process of improvements and extensions of the PIV technique towards 3D, time resolution, higher accuracy, measurements under harsh conditions and micro- and macroscales. This book gives a synopsis of the main results achieved during the EC-funded network PivNet 2 as well as a survey of the state of the art of scientific research using PIV techniques in different fields of application.

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Table of contents :
cover.jpg……Page 1
front-matter.pdf……Page 2
Sebastian Große , Wolfgang Schröder , Michael Klaas……Page 20
Introduction……Page 21
In- and Outflow Conditions……Page 24
Flow Parameters……Page 26
Tracer Particles……Page 27
Measurement Equipment and Image Evaluation……Page 28
Multiplane Measurements……Page 29
Steady Inspiration and Expiration……Page 31
Oscillating Flow……Page 34
Conclusion and Outlook……Page 35
References……Page 37
Introduction……Page 39
Dual-Plane PIV……Page 40
Generation of Lightsheets……Page 42
Holographic Recording of Particles……Page 43
Digital Image Plane Holography (DIPH)……Page 44
Defocus-Evaluating PIV……Page 47
Tomographic PIV……Page 48
Off-Axis Holography……Page 50
Optical Forward Scattering Holography……Page 51
Polarization Multiplexed Holography with Bacteriorhodopsin……Page 52
Digital In-Line Holography……Page 53
Light-in-Flight Holography……Page 56
Conclusions……Page 58
References……Page 61
Index……Page 65
Introduction……Page 67
Experimental Setup……Page 69
Results and Discussion……Page 72
Conclusion……Page 78
References……Page 79
Index……Page 80
Introduction……Page 82
Experimental Arrangement……Page 83
Experimental Results……Page 85
Comparison with CFD……Page 88
Conclusions……Page 90
Index……Page 91
Introduction……Page 92
Flow Configuration……Page 93
Experimental Measurement Techniques……Page 94
Numerical Simulation Setup……Page 95
Postprocessing Techniques……Page 96
Analysis of the Instantaneous Motion……Page 98
Integral Forces and Pressure Distribution……Page 100
Spanwise Homogeneity and Wall Effects……Page 101
Near-Wake Region……Page 102
Phase-Averaged Motion……Page 105
Conclusions and Future Work……Page 107
References……Page 111
Index……Page 112
Introduction……Page 114
The Testing Loop……Page 116
Time-Resolved PIV: Measurement Technique……Page 118
3D PIV: Measurement Technique……Page 120
Time-Resolved PIV: Results……Page 121
3D PIV: Results……Page 123
Time-Resolved PIV……Page 125
Stereoscopic PIV……Page 128
References……Page 129
Index……Page 131
Introduction……Page 132
ISL Shock-Tunnel Facility STA……Page 133
Cylinder Flow at Mach 6……Page 134
Lateral Jet-Crossflow Interaction……Page 138
Vortex-Ring Shock Tube……Page 140
Experimental Results……Page 142
Conclusions……Page 144
References……Page 145
Index……Page 146
Introduction……Page 147
Flow Seeding and Imaging……Page 148
Experimental Assessment of Particle Response……Page 149
Online Seeding in Supersonic Wind Tunnel……Page 150
Storage-Tube Seeding in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels……Page 153
Seeding Concentration……Page 154
Hypersonic Compression Ramp Flow……Page 156
Shock-Wave–Boundary-Layer Interaction……Page 159
Conclusions……Page 161
References……Page 163
Index……Page 165
Introduction……Page 166
Experimental Setup……Page 167
Vortex-Street Characteristics and Possible Dynamics……Page 169
Vortex-Street Fine Detail……Page 172
Conclusions……Page 173
References……Page 174
Index……Page 175
Introduction……Page 176
Needs and Requirements……Page 178
Surface-Ship Flows……Page 179
Propulsor Hydrodynamics……Page 182
Underwater Ship Flows……Page 188
Two-Phase Bubble Flows……Page 196
Conclusion……Page 199
References……Page 201
Index……Page 203
Sebastian Große , Wolfgang Schröder , Michael Klaas……Page 205
Introduction……Page 206
In- and Outflow Conditions……Page 209
Flow Parameters……Page 211
Tracer Particles……Page 212
Measurement Equipment and Image Evaluation……Page 213
Multiplane Measurements……Page 214
Steady Inspiration and Expiration……Page 216
Oscillating Flow……Page 219
Conclusion and Outlook……Page 220
References……Page 222
Introduction……Page 224
Dual-Plane PIV……Page 225
Generation of Lightsheets……Page 227
Holographic Recording of Particles……Page 228
Digital Image Plane Holography (DIPH)……Page 229
Defocus-Evaluating PIV……Page 232
Tomographic PIV……Page 233
Off-Axis Holography……Page 235
Optical Forward Scattering Holography……Page 236
Polarization Multiplexed Holography with Bacteriorhodopsin……Page 237
Digital In-Line Holography……Page 238
Light-in-Flight Holography……Page 241
Conclusions……Page 243
References……Page 246
Index……Page 250
Introduction……Page 252
Experimental Setup……Page 254
Results and Discussion……Page 257
Conclusion……Page 263
References……Page 264
Index……Page 265
Introduction……Page 267
Experimental Arrangement……Page 268
Experimental Results……Page 270
Comparison with CFD……Page 273
Conclusions……Page 275
Index……Page 276
Introduction……Page 277
Flow Configuration……Page 278
Experimental Measurement Techniques……Page 279
Numerical Simulation Setup……Page 280
Postprocessing Techniques……Page 281
Analysis of the Instantaneous Motion……Page 283
Integral Forces and Pressure Distribution……Page 285
Spanwise Homogeneity and Wall Effects……Page 286
Near-Wake Region……Page 287
Phase-Averaged Motion……Page 290
Conclusions and Future Work……Page 292
References……Page 296
Index……Page 297
Introduction……Page 299
The Testing Loop……Page 301
Time-Resolved PIV: Measurement Technique……Page 303
3D PIV: Measurement Technique……Page 305
Time-Resolved PIV: Results……Page 306
3D PIV: Results……Page 308
Time-Resolved PIV……Page 310
Stereoscopic PIV……Page 313
References……Page 314
Index……Page 316
Introduction……Page 317
ISL Shock-Tunnel Facility STA……Page 318
Cylinder Flow at Mach 6……Page 319
Lateral Jet-Crossflow Interaction……Page 323
Vortex-Ring Shock Tube……Page 325
Experimental Results……Page 327
Conclusions……Page 329
References……Page 330
Index……Page 331
Introduction……Page 332
Flow Seeding and Imaging……Page 333
Experimental Assessment of Particle Response……Page 334
Online Seeding in Supersonic Wind Tunnel……Page 335
Storage-Tube Seeding in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels……Page 338
Seeding Concentration……Page 339
Hypersonic Compression Ramp Flow……Page 341
Shock-Wave–Boundary-Layer Interaction……Page 344
Conclusions……Page 346
References……Page 348
Index……Page 350
Introduction……Page 351
Experimental Setup……Page 352
Vortex-Street Characteristics and Possible Dynamics……Page 354
Vortex-Street Fine Detail……Page 357
Conclusions……Page 358
References……Page 359
Index……Page 360
Introduction……Page 361
Needs and Requirements……Page 363
Surface-Ship Flows……Page 364
Propulsor Hydrodynamics……Page 367
Underwater Ship Flows……Page 373
Two-Phase Bubble Flows……Page 381
Conclusion……Page 384
References……Page 386
Index……Page 388
Introduction……Page 390
The Testing Loop……Page 392
Time-Resolved PIV: Measurement Technique……Page 394
3D PIV: Measurement Technique……Page 396
Time-Resolved PIV: Results……Page 397
3D PIV: Results……Page 399
Time-Resolved PIV……Page 401
Stereoscopic PIV……Page 404
References……Page 405
Index……Page 407
Introduction……Page 408
ISL Shock-Tunnel Facility STA……Page 409
Cylinder Flow at Mach 6……Page 410
Lateral Jet-Crossflow Interaction……Page 414
Vortex-Ring Shock Tube……Page 416
Experimental Results……Page 418
Conclusions……Page 420
References……Page 421
Index……Page 422
Introduction……Page 423
Flow Seeding and Imaging……Page 424
Experimental Assessment of Particle Response……Page 425
Online Seeding in Supersonic Wind Tunnel……Page 426
Storage-Tube Seeding in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels……Page 429
Seeding Concentration……Page 430
Hypersonic Compression Ramp Flow……Page 432
Shock-Wave–Boundary-Layer Interaction……Page 435
Conclusions……Page 437
References……Page 439
Index……Page 441
Introduction……Page 442
Experimental Setup……Page 443
Vortex-Street Characteristics and Possible Dynamics……Page 445
Vortex-Street Fine Detail……Page 448
Conclusions……Page 449
References……Page 450
Index……Page 451
Introduction……Page 452
Needs and Requirements……Page 454
Surface-Ship Flows……Page 455
Propulsor Hydrodynamics……Page 458
Underwater Ship Flows……Page 464
Two-Phase Bubble Flows……Page 472
Conclusion……Page 475
References……Page 477
Index……Page 479
Introduction……Page 481
Icing Wind Tunnel (IWT)……Page 484
Test Model……Page 485
PIV System……Page 486
PIV Assessment in CIRA-IWT……Page 489
Performance Degradation Investigation……Page 491
PIV Assessment……Page 493
Performance Degradation Investigation……Page 495
Conclusions……Page 499
Index……Page 502
back-matter.pdf……Page 504