Robert Parmley0070486174, 9780070486171
A treasure chest of ideas and data, Robert O. Parmley’s Illustrated Sourcebook of Mechanical Components is testimony to centuries of engineering genius that produced the components that make modern mechanical wonders possible. Designed to stimulate new ideas, this unique, lavishly illustrated and conveniently indexed reference shows you many designs and unique contributions hidden from technical literature for decades. This kaleidoscopic display of thousands of applications helps you find the perfect device quickly, including:
*Power transmission u gears and gearing…chains, sprockets and ratchets…belts and belting…shafts and couplings…clutches *Connections – seals and packings…tube and pipe connections…bushings and bearings…locking and clamping…wire and cable *Single components – washers…retaining rings… o-rings…grommets, spacers and inserts…balls..springs…pins…cams…threaded components *Assemblies: fastening and joining…design hints…mechansims…linkage…fabrication tips…innovative valving…pumps…creative assemblies You’ll also find design formulas, structural data, nomograms, charts and unusual tables rarely found in conventional technical sources.
Table of contents :
Front Matter……Page 2
Copyright……Page 4
Dedication……Page 5
About the Editor……Page 6
Preface……Page 7
Table of Contents……Page 0
Introduction……Page 10
Table of Contents……Page 17
Section 1. Gears & Gearing……Page 19
Design of Bevel Gears……Page 20
Worksheet Streamlines Bevel-Gear Calculations……Page 32
Special Angle Table Simplifies Helical Gear Design……Page 34
Form Cutters for Helical Gears……Page 38
Planetary Gear Systems……Page 40
Checklist for Planetary-Gear Sets……Page 48
Cardan-Gear Mechanisms……Page 50
Geneva Wheel Design……Page 52
Modified Geneva Drives and Special Mechanisms……Page 54
Epicyclic Gear Trains……Page 56
Cycloid Gear Mechanisms……Page 58
Limit-Switch Backlash……Page 65
4 Ways to Eliminate Backlash……Page 66
4 More Ways to Prevent Backlash……Page 68
1 -Way Output from Speed Reducers……Page 70
6 Ways to Prevent Overloading……Page 72
Torque-Limiters Project Light-Duty Drives……Page 74
Section 2. Chains, Sprockets & Ratchets……Page 76
History of Chains……Page 77
Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain……Page 79
Bead Chains for Light Service……Page 83
Types of Trolley Convey or Chain Links and Joints……Page 85
Method for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives……Page 87
Pave the Way for Better Chain Drives……Page 89
Lubrication of Roller Chains……Page 90
One-Way Drive Chain Solves Problem of Sprocket Skip……Page 92
Chain Hoist for Dam’s Radial Arm Gate……Page 93
Portable Chain Hoist for Motors……Page 94
Design of Precision Sprockets……Page 95
Sheet Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms & Ratchets……Page 98
Ratchet Layout Analyzed……Page 100
No Teeth Ratchets……Page 102
Section 3. Belts & Belting……Page 104
Unique Belt Applications……Page 105
Leather Belts-Hp Loss and Speed……Page 114
Find the Length of Open and Closed Belts……Page 115
Ten Types of Belt Drives……Page 117
Mechanisms for Adjusting Tension of Belt Drives……Page 119
Equations for Computing Creep in Belt Drives……Page 121
Typical Feeders, Take-ups, Drives and Idlers for Belt Conveyors……Page 125
Section 4. Shafts & Couplings……Page 127
Overview of Shaft & Couplings……Page 128
Beams & Stepped Shafts……Page 134
Shafts: 5 Steps Find Strength & Defection……Page 139
Shaft Torque: Charts Find Equivalent Sections……Page 141
Critical Speeds of End Supported Bare Shafts……Page 143
Torsional Strength of Shafts……Page 144
Bearing Loads on Geared Shafts……Page 146
7 Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation……Page 148
Friction for Damping……Page 150
15 Ways to Fasten Gears to Shafts……Page 155
14 Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts……Page 160
Attaching Hubless Gears to Shafts……Page 162
10 Different Types of Splined Connections……Page 164
Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts I……Page 166
Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts II……Page 168
Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings I……Page 170
Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings II……Page 172
Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings III……Page 174
Low Cost Methods of Coupling Small Diameter Shafts……Page 176
Coupling of Parallel Shafts……Page 178
Novel Linkage for Coupling Offset Shafts……Page 180
Torque of Slip Couplings……Page 182
High-Speed Power Couplings……Page 184
Novel Coupling Shifts Shafts……Page 196
Section 5. Clutches……Page 197
Basic Types of Mechanical Clutches……Page 198
Construction Details of Over-Riding Clutches……Page 200
Low-Cost Designs for Overrunning Clutches……Page 202
10 Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches……Page 204
6 Ways to Prevent Overloading……Page 206
7 More Ways to Prevent Overloading……Page 208
Centrifugal Clutches……Page 210
Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service……Page 214
Serrated Clutches and Detents……Page 216
Spring Bands Grip to Drive Overrunning Clutch……Page 218
Accurate Solution for Disk-Clutch Torque Capacity……Page 219
Section 6. Seals & Packings……Page 220
Rubber Seals for Oil Retention……Page 221
Non-Rubbing Seals for Oil Retention……Page 223
How to Seal Air Ducts that Separate……Page 225
More Seals for Ducting that Separate……Page 227
Window Awning Unit Sealing……Page 229
Window Casement Unit Seals……Page 230
Multiple Seals & Bonding for Dam Retrofitting……Page 231
Section 7. Tube & Pipe Connections……Page 232
How to Connect Tubing-Cross and Tee Joints……Page 233
Different Mechanical Methods for Attaching Tubing……Page 235
Design Hints for Pipe Connections……Page 237
Multiple Piping Arrangements in a Wastewater Treatment Facility……Page 238
Pumphouse Piping System for Fire Protection Facility……Page 239
Section 8. Bushings & Bearings……Page 241
Seven Creative Ideas for Flanged Rubber Bushings……Page 242
Go Creative with Flanged Bushings……Page 244
How to Calculate Stress in Press-Fit Bushings……Page 247
When Expandable Bushings are the Answer……Page 249
Sleeve Bearing Alignment……Page 253
Getting Better Performance from Instrument Bearings……Page 254
Which Bearing and Why?……Page 257
Formula Found for Predicting the Reliable Life of Bearings……Page 263
Rotary-Linear Bearing……Page 264
Section 9. Locking & Clamping……Page 265
Various Methods of Locking Threaded Members……Page 266
Locking-Type Indexing Fingers……Page 268
Retaining & Locking Detents……Page 272
Snap Fasteners for Polyethylene……Page 274
Snap Fasteners for Polystyrene……Page 276
Snap-in Access Panels……Page 278
20 Tamper-Proof Fasteners……Page 280
8 Detents for Clevis Mountings……Page 282
4 Locking Fastener Designs……Page 284
8 Control Mountings……Page 286
Control-Locks Thwart Vibration & Shock……Page 288
Low-Cost Latches……Page 290
Hinged Lids That Separate……Page 294
8 Stops for Panel Doors……Page 298
Panel-Stops Leave Hands Free……Page 300
Better Looking Sheetmetal Joints……Page 302
8 Interlocking Sheetmetal Fasteners……Page 304
Lanced Metal Eliminates Separate Fasteners……Page 306
Lanced Sheetmetal Parts……Page 308
Joining Circular Parts without Fasteners……Page 310
Joining Sheetmetal Parts without Fasteners……Page 312
Fastening Sheetmetal Parts by Tongues, Snaps or Clinching……Page 314
Retainers for Circuit Boards……Page 316
Handles for Printed Circuits……Page 324
Friction Clamping Devices……Page 328
Clamping Devices for Aligning Adjustable Parts……Page 330
How Spring Clamps Hold Workpieces……Page 332
Section 10. Wire & Cable……Page 334
Wire Locks and Snap Rings for Fasteners……Page 335
Applications of Helical Wire Inserts……Page 337
Types of Wire Ties for Reinforcing Bars……Page 339
Wire Rope Designs……Page 340
For Cable Drives-These Design Hints……Page 341
Cables Anchor Timber Bridge Abutment……Page 343
Aerial Cable Installation……Page 344
Cable Replaces Piston Rod……Page 345
Section 11. Washers……Page 346
Ideas for Flat Washers……Page 347
Versatile Flat Washers……Page 349
Jobs for Flat Rubber Washers……Page 351
Take Another Look at Serrated Washers……Page 353
Dished Washers Get Busy……Page 355
Design Problems Solved with Belleville Spring Washers……Page 357
How to Increase Energy of Belleville Spring Washers……Page 359
SEM Applications……Page 368
Creative Ideas for Cupped Washers……Page 369
Section 12. Retaining Rings……Page 371
Comparisons of Retaining Rings Verses Typical Fasteners……Page 372
Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, I……Page 374
Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, II……Page 376
Coupling Shafts with Retaining Rings……Page 378
The Versatile Retaining Ring……Page 382
The Multiple-Purpose Retaining Ring……Page 386
More Work for Round Retaining Rings……Page 388
Energy Absorber Squeezes Rings to Cushion Shocks……Page 390
Defection of Perpendicularly Loaded Split Circular Rings……Page 392
Improve Design with Retaining Rings……Page 394
Section 13. O-Rings……Page 395
8 Unusual Applications for O-Rings……Page 396
16 Unusual Applications for the O-Ring……Page 398
Look at O-Rings Differently……Page 400
O-Rings Solve Design Problems I……Page 402
O-Rings Solve Design Problems II……Page 404
7 More Applications for O-Rings……Page 406
Design Recommendations for O-Ring Seals……Page 408
O-Ring Seals for Pump Valves……Page 410
Section 14. Grommets, Spacers & Inserts……Page 412
A Fresh Look at Rubber Grommets……Page 413
These Spacers are Adjustable……Page 415
Odd Jobs for Mushroom Bumpers……Page 417
Metal Inserts for Plastic Parts……Page 419
How to Select Threaded Inserts……Page 421
Flanged Inserts Stabilize Multi-Stroke Reloading Press……Page 424
Section 15. Balls……Page 425
12 Ways to put Balls to Work……Page 426
How Soft Balls Can Simplify Design……Page 428
Rubber Balls Find Many Jobs……Page 430
Multiple Use of Balls in Milk Transfer System……Page 432
Use of Balls in Reloading Press……Page 434
Nine Types of Ball Slides for Linear Motion……Page 436
Unusual Applications of Miniature Bearings……Page 438
Roller Contact Bearing Mounting Units……Page 440
Eleven Ways to Oil Lubricate Ball Bearings……Page 442
Ball-Bearing Screw Life……Page 444
Stress on a Bearing Ball……Page 451
Compute Effects of Preloaded Bearings……Page 453
Compact Ball Transfer Units……Page 463
Section 16. Springs……Page 464
12 Ways to Put Springs to Work……Page 465
29 Ways to Fasten Springs……Page 467
Control depth Primer Tool Employs Coil Springs……Page 471
Multiple Uses of Coil Springs……Page 473
Compression Spring Adjusting Methods I……Page 475
Compression Spring Adjusting Methods II……Page 477
Adiustable Extension Springs……Page 479
One Spring Returns the Hand lever……Page 481
6 More One Spring Lever Return Designs……Page 483
Springs: How to Design for Variable Rate……Page 485
How to Stiffen Bellows with Springs……Page 487
Flat Springs in Mechanisms……Page 489
Flat Springs Find More Work……Page 491
12 Detents for Mechanical Movement……Page 493
17 Ways of Testing Springs……Page 495
Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-Torque Drives……Page 497
Deflect a Spring Sideways……Page 499
Ovate Cross Sections Make Better Coil Springs……Page 501
Unusual Uses for Helical Wire Springs……Page 503
Optimum Helical Springs……Page 505
Machined Helical Springs……Page 508
Pneumatic Spring Reinforcement……Page 510
Nonlinear Springs……Page 511
Friction-Spring Buffers……Page 515
New Equations Simplify Belleville Spring Design……Page 518
New Springs Do More Jobs……Page 521
Section 17. Pins……Page 525
Slotted Spring Pins Find Many Jobs……Page 526
8 Unusual Jobs for Spring Pins……Page 528
8 More Spring Pin Applications……Page 530
8 Electrical Jobs for Spring Pins……Page 532
Uses of Split Pins……Page 534
Design Around Spiral-Wrapped Pins……Page 536
A Penny-Wise Connector – The Cotter Pin……Page 538
Alternates for Doweled Fasteners……Page 540
6 More Alternates for Doweled Fastenings……Page 542
Section 18. Cams……Page 544
Generating Cam Curves……Page 545
Balance Grooved Cams……Page 552
Computer and N/C Simplifies Cam Design……Page 558
Theory of Envelopes: Cam Design Equations……Page 561
Cams and Gears Team Up in Programmed Motion……Page 571
Minimum Cam Size……Page 573
Spherical Cams: Linking Up Shafts……Page 581
Tailored Cycloid Cams……Page 584
Modifications & Uses for Basic Types of Cams……Page 588
Section 19. Threaded Components……Page 590
Getting the Most From Screws……Page 591
How to Provide for Backlash in Threaded Parts……Page 593
7 Special Screw Arrangements……Page 595
20 Dynamic Applications for Screw Threads……Page 597
Preloading of Bolts……Page 601
World of Self-Locking Screws……Page 606
Unconvential Thread Form Holds Nut to Bolt During Severe Vibrations……Page 611
Section 20. Fastening & Joining……Page 612
Fastening Studs and Pins to Plates……Page 613
16 Ways to Align Sheets and Plates with One Screw……Page 615
For Better Grip-Longer Holes in Sheetmetal……Page 617
Bolts Get Help Against Shear……Page 619
10 Ways to Conceal Fasteners……Page 621
Attaching Motors to Instrument Gearheads……Page 623
Fastening Precision Gear-Plates……Page 625
Bonding Sheet Metal with Adhesive……Page 627
7 Ways to Assemble with Adhesives……Page 629
Glass-to-Metal Joints……Page 631
Simplifying Assemblies with Spring-Steel Fasteners……Page 633
Spring-Steel Fastener……Page 635
Snap Fasteners for Polyethylene Parts……Page 638
Plastic Snap-Fit Design Interlocks……Page 639
Fasteners that Disconnect Quickly……Page 641
More Quick-Disconnect Linkages……Page 643
8 Detents for Clevis Mountings……Page 645
8 Control Mountings……Page 647
18 Ways to Join Honeycomb Panels……Page 649
12 Ways to Anchor Heavy Machines……Page 653
Design Details of Blind Riveted Joints……Page 655
Section 21. Design Hints……Page 657
Design Hints for Mechanical Parts……Page 658
Designing for Easier Machining……Page 660
How to Design for Heat Treating……Page 662
More Design Hints for Heat Treating……Page 664
How to Design for Better Assembly……Page 666
Designing with Ribs and Beads……Page 668
Design Machined Parts Properly……Page 670
Innovative Detents……Page 671
Cleaner Lines for Control Cabinets……Page 672
Flexure Devices for Economic Action……Page 674
Isolating Machines from Vibration……Page 676
Types of Mounts for Vibration Isolation……Page 678
Printed-Circuit Guides……Page 680
Hinges, Panels and Doors……Page 683
Plastic Hinges……Page 686
Pivots Do Many Jobs……Page 688
Dimensions for Hand Grips……Page 690
Thirteen Ways to Use Metallic Bellows……Page 692
Frictional Supports for Adjustable Parts……Page 694
Building Strength into Brackets……Page 696
Adhesive Applicators for High-Speed Machines……Page 698
7 Basic Hoppers for Parts……Page 700
Section 22. Mechanisms……Page 702
Machinery Mechanisms……Page 703
Slider-Crank Mechanisms……Page 712
Torque Factors for Slider Crank Mechanisms……Page 720
Mechanisms for Producing Specific Types of Motions……Page 721
Traversing Mechanisms Used on Winding Machines……Page 723
Mechanisms for Providing Intermittent Rotary Motion……Page 725
Intermittent Movements and Mechanisms……Page 727
Friction Devices for Intermittent Rotary Motion……Page 729
Basic Types of Variable Speed Friction Drives……Page 731
Speed Control for Small Mechanisms……Page 733
Mechanical Devices for Automatically Governing Speed……Page 735
Accelerated and Decelerated linear Motion Elements……Page 737
How to Prevent Reverse Rotation……Page 739
Automatic Stopping Mechanisms for Faulty Machine Operation……Page 743
Automatic Stop Mechanisms Protect Machine and Work……Page 745
Mechanical Automatic Stop Mechanisms……Page 747
Automatic Feed Mechanisms for Various Materials……Page 749
Automatic Safety Mechanisms for Operating Machines……Page 751
Mechanisms Actuated by Air or Hydraulic Cylinders……Page 753
Piston-Actuated Mechanisms……Page 755
Computing Mechanisms I……Page 757
Computing Mechanisms II……Page 759
Eight Paper-Feed Mechanisms……Page 761
How to Collect and Stack Die Stampings……Page 763
Sort, Feed or Weigh Mechanisms……Page 765
Spring Motors & Typical Associated Mechanisms……Page 769
6 Escapement Mechanisms……Page 771
7 more Escapements……Page 773
Design Hints for Mechanical Small Mechanisms……Page 775
Section 23. Linkage……Page 777
8 Basic Push-Pull Linkages……Page 778
5 Linkages for Straight-Line Motion……Page 780
10 Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction……Page 782
9 More Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction……Page 784
Shape of Pin-Connected Linkages……Page 786
Seven Popular Types of Three-Dimensional Drives……Page 788
Transmission Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions……Page 792
Power Thrust Linkages and Their Applications……Page 794
Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms……Page 796
When Linkages Need Harmonic Analysis……Page 798
Four-Bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications……Page 802
Four-Bar Power Linkages……Page 804
5 Graphic Methods for Designing Four-Bar Linkages……Page 810
Four-Bar Linkage Proportions……Page 821
Section 24. Fabrication Tips……Page 826
Design of Screw-Machine Products……Page 827
Facing Tools for Chuckers……Page 837
Shaving-Tool Corrections……Page 839
Draw-Die Radius……Page 840
Rules for Drawing Round Shells……Page 841
Tonnage for Air Bends……Page 843
Tonnage vs Stroke of Press Brakes……Page 845
Tonnage Chart for Various Bend Angles……Page 846
Press Tools for Bending……Page 847
Wing Bending Methods……Page 853
Spring-Back Control……Page 855
Control of U-Shaped Bends……Page 857
Section 25. Innovative Valving……Page 859
Types of Valves Used in Hydraulic Transmissions……Page 860
8 Ways to Make a Poppet Valve……Page 862
Weirs Replace Gate Valves……Page 864
Siphon Serves as Regulating Valve……Page 867
Triple-Duty Valve……Page 869
Flow Regulator Valve……Page 871
Fuel Injection Systems-Secondary Problems……Page 872
Section 26. Pumps……Page 874
Pumps: Major Classes and Types……Page 875
How Pumps Work……Page 878
Centrifugal Pumps……Page 879
Rotary Pumps……Page 885
Reciprocating Pumps……Page 886
Pump Applications……Page 890
Pump Selection……Page 896
Other Considerations in Choosing Pumps……Page 898
Priming Pumps……Page 899
Find How Much Horsepower to Pipe Liquids……Page 900
Section 27. Creative Assemblies……Page 902
10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Movements……Page 903
10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Action……Page 905
How to Damp Axial and Rotational Motion……Page 907
8 Snap-Action Devices……Page 909
Make Diaphragms Work for You……Page 911
Control-Locks Thwart Vibration and Shock……Page 913
Liquid Level Mechanisms, Indicators and Controllers……Page 915
Liquid Level Indicators and Controllers……Page 917
Hangers Put Up by Hand……Page 919
Assemble Sheetmetal with Sheetmetal……Page 921
Devices for Indexing or Holding Mechanical Movements……Page 922
Slash Errors with Sensitive Balance……Page 923
Rotary Piston Engine……Page 924
Section 28. Design Formulas……Page 926
Volume and CG Equations……Page 927
Common Area of Intersecting Circles……Page 935
Compound Angles……Page 937
Calculation of Dihedral Angles……Page 940
Frustums of Cones……Page 943
Length of Material for 90-Degree Bends……Page 944
8 Simple Methods to Measure Moment of Inertia……Page 945
Friction Wheel Drives Designed for Maximum Torque……Page 947
Radii of Gyration for Rotating Bodies……Page 949
Section 29. Structural Data……Page 957
Stress in Preloaded Bolts……Page 958
How to Compute Stresses in Curved Bars……Page 963
Stresses Around Holes……Page 968
Residual Stress Can Help Design Tool for Springs……Page 978
Quick Calculations for Corrugation Stiffness……Page 982
When Thin-Wall Cylinders Carry the Load……Page 984
Thick-End Cylinders: Stress Correction Factors……Page 986
Three Nomographs Aid in Designing Pressure Vessels……Page 988
Pressure Vessel Design……Page 989
A Graphic Aid for Combined Stress Problems……Page 991
Pin and Shaft of Equal Strength……Page 992
Design for Shock Resistance……Page 993
K Factor for Impact Loading……Page 997
Section 30. Nomograms……Page 998
Nomogram for Angles in Constructed Shapes……Page 999
Arc Length Versus Central Angle……Page 1000
Chordal Height and Length of Chord……Page 1001
Forces in Toggle Joint with Equal Arms……Page 1002
Radical Defections of Rotating Disks……Page 1003
Power Capacity of Spur Gears……Page 1004
Alignment Chart for Face Gears……Page 1007
Linear to Angular Conversion of Gear-Tooth Index Error……Page 1009
Determine Parallel Axis Moment of Inertia……Page 1010
Moment of Inertia of a Prism about the Axis aa……Page 1012
Chart for Transferring Moment of Inertia……Page 1013
Rotary Motion……Page 1014
Accelerated Linear Motion……Page 1015
Theoretical Capacity of Gear Pumps & Motors……Page 1016
Nomogram for Piston Pumps……Page 1017
Weight and Volume……Page 1018
Volumes of Spherical Segments……Page 1019
Volumes in Horizontal Round Tanks with Flat Ends……Page 1020
Another Shortcut to Torsion-Bar Design……Page 1021
C……Page 1022
N……Page 1023
T……Page 1024
Z……Page 1025
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.