Neil Sclater, Nicholas Chironis0071361693, 9780071361699
A one-of-a-kind pictorial directory, Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook, Third Edition, gives you drawings and descriptions of time-tested components, mechanisms, and devices. A carefully compiled index lets you quickly find a specific component which may very well be the exact problem-solving answer you’ve been seeking. You can count on this guide to help you:
* Recycle successful mechanical inventions into new products, with or without modifications * Design basic mechanisms from scratch with a chapter of tutorial text and formulas * Save time researching patents * Get a refresher on the design and function of bearings, belts, brakes, clutches, couplings, cranks, feeders, gears, genevas, joints, latches, linkages, pumps, screws, springs, and switches Stay on top of present and future trends in mechanical engineering and machine design, with up-to-date treatments of motion control systems; 2D and 3D CAD software; industrial robots and rapid prototyping (RP) systems; recent research and spinoffs of MEMS technology
Table of contents :
Front Matter……Page 1
About the Editors……Page 3
Acknowledgments……Page 4
Table of Contents……Page 0
Preface……Page 5
Table of Contents……Page 7
1. Motion Control Systems……Page 12
Motion Control Systems Overview……Page 13
Glossary of Motion Control Terms……Page 20
High-Speed Gearheads Improve Small Servo Performance……Page 21
Modular Single-Axis Motion Systems……Page 23
Mechanical Components Form Specialized Motion-Control Systems……Page 24
Servomotors, Stepper Motors, and Actuators for Motion Control……Page 25
Servosystem Feedback Sensors……Page 33
Solenoids and Their Applications……Page 40
2. Robot Mechanisms……Page 44
Industrial Robots……Page 45
FANUC Robot Specifications……Page 49
Mechanism for Planar Manipulation With Simplified Kinematics……Page 54
Tool-Changing Mechanism for Robot……Page 55
Piezoelectric Motor in Robot Finger Joint……Page 56
Six-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Minimanipulator……Page 57
Self-Reconfigurable, Two-Arm Manipulator With Bracing……Page 58
Improved Roller and Gear Drives for Robots and Vehicles……Page 59
All-Terrain Vehicle With Self-Righting and Pose Control……Page 60
3. Parts-Handling Mechanisms……Page 61
Mechanisms That Sort, Feed, or Weigh……Page 62
Cutting Mechanisms……Page 66
Vibrating Mechanism……Page 68
Seven Basic Parts Selectors……Page 69
Eleven Parts-Handling Mechanisms……Page 70
Seven Automatic-Feed Mechanisms……Page 72
Seven Linkages for Transport Mechanisms……Page 75
Conveyor Systems for Production Machines……Page 78
Traversing Mechanisms for Winding Machines……Page 83
Machine Applies Labels from Stacks or Rollers……Page 85
High-Speed Machines for Adhesive Applications……Page 86
Automatic Stopping Mechanisms for Faulty Machine Operation……Page 92
Electrical Automatic Stopping Mechanisms……Page 98
Automatic Safety Mechanisms for Operating Machines……Page 100
4. Reciprocating and General-Purpose Mechanism……Page 102
Gears and Eccentric Disk Combine in Quick Indexing……Page 103
Timung Belts, Four-Bar Linkage Team Up for Smooth Indexing……Page 104
Modified Ratchet Drive……Page 105
Odd Shapes in Planetary Give Smooth Stop and Go……Page 106
Cycloid Gear Mechanism Controls Stroke of Pump……Page 108
New Star Wheels Challenge Geneva Drives for Indexing……Page 109
Geneva Mechanisms……Page 112
Modified Geneva Drives……Page 115
Indexing and Intermittent Mechanisms……Page 117
Rotary-to-Reciprocating Motion and Dwell Mechanisms……Page 125
Friction Devices for Intermittent Rotary Motion……Page 131
No Teeth on These Ratchets……Page 133
Cam-Controlled Planetary Gear System……Page 134
5. Special-Purpose Mechanisms……Page 135
Nine Different Ball Slides for Linear Motion……Page 136
Ball-Bearing Screws Convert Rotary to Linear Motion……Page 138
Three-Point Gear/Leadscrew Positioning……Page 139
Unique Linkage Produces Precise Straight-Line Motion……Page 140
Twelve Expanding and Contracting Devices……Page 142
Five Linkages for Straight-Line Motion……Page 144
Linkage Ratios for Straight-Line Mechanisms……Page 146
Linkages for Other Motions……Page 147
Five Cardan-Gear Mechanisms……Page 148
Ten Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction……Page 150
Nine More Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction……Page 152
Linkages for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes……Page 154
Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions……Page 156
Stroke Multiplier……Page 158
Force and Stroke Multipliers……Page 160
Stroke-Amplifying Mechanisms……Page 162
Adjustable-Stroke Mechanisms……Page 163
Adjustable-Output Mechanisms……Page 164
Reversing Mechanisms……Page 166
Computing Mechanisms……Page 167
Eighteen Variations of Differential Linkage……Page 171
Space Mechanisms……Page 173
Seven Popular Types of Three-Dimensional Drives……Page 175
Inchworm Actuator……Page 180
6. Spring, Bellow, Flexure, Screw and Ball Devices……Page 181
Flat Springs in Mechanisms……Page 182
Pop-Up Springs Get New Backbone……Page 184
Twelve Ways to Put Springs to Work……Page 185
Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-Torque Drives……Page 187
Spring Motors and Typical Associated Mechanisms……Page 189
Flexures Accurately Support Pivoting Mechanisms and Instruments……Page 191
Taut Bands and Leadscrew Provide Accurate Rotary Motion……Page 193
Air Spring Mechanisms……Page 194
Obtaining Variable Rates from Springs……Page 196
Belleville Springs……Page 197
Spring-Type Linkage for Vibration Control……Page 198
Twenty Screw Devices……Page 199
Ten Ways to Employ Screw Mechanisms……Page 202
Seven Special Screw Arrangements……Page 203
Fourteen Adjusting Devices……Page 204
Linear Roller Bearings Are Suited for High-Load, Heavy-Duty Tasks……Page 205
7. Cam, Toggle, Chain and Belt Mechanisms……Page 206
Cam Basics……Page 207
Cam-Curve Generating Mechanisms……Page 208
Fifteen Ideas for Cam Mechanisms……Page 214
Special-Function Cams……Page 216
Cam Drives for Machine Tools……Page 217
Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms……Page 218
Sixteen Latch, Toggle, and Trigger Devices……Page 220
Six Snap-Action Mechanisms……Page 222
Eight Snap-Action Devices……Page 224
Applications of the Differential Winch to Control Systems……Page 226
Six Applications for mechanical Power Amplifiers……Page 228
Variable-Speed Belt and Chain Drives……Page 231
Getting in Step With Hybrid Belts……Page 234
Motor Mount Pivots for Controlled Tension……Page 238
Bushed Roller Chains and Their Adaptations……Page 239
Six Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain……Page 241
Six More Jobs for Roller Chain……Page 243
Mechanisms for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives……Page 245
Smoother Drive Without Gears……Page 247
8. Geared Systems and Variable-Speed Mechanisms……Page 248
Gears and Gearing……Page 249
Nutating-Plate Drive……Page 250
Cone Drive Needs No Gears or Pulleys……Page 251
Variable-Speed Mechanical Drives……Page 252
Unidirectional Drive……Page 260
More Variable-Speed Drives……Page 261
Variable-Speed Friction Drives……Page 263
Variable-Speed Drives and Transmissions……Page 265
Precision Ball Bearings Replace Gears in Tiny Speed Reducers……Page 267
Multifunction Flywheel Smoothes Friction in Tape Cassette Drive……Page 268
Controlled Differential Drives……Page 269
Harmonic-Drive Speed Reducers……Page 270
Flexible Face-Gears Make Efficient High-Reduction Drives……Page 273
Compact Rotary Sequencer……Page 274
Planetary Gear Systems……Page 275
Noncircular Gears……Page 282
Sheet-Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms, and Ratchets……Page 286
How to Prevent Reverse Rotation……Page 288
Gear-Shift Arrangements……Page 289
Shifting Mechanisms for Gears and Clutches……Page 291
Fine-Focus Adjustments……Page 293
Twinworm Gear Drive……Page 294
Compliant Gearing for Redundant Torque Drive……Page 296
Worm Gear With Hydrostatic Engagement……Page 297
Straddle Design of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears……Page 299
9. Coupling, Clutching and Braking Devices……Page 300
Coupling of Parallel Shafts……Page 301
Novel Linkage Couples Offset Shafts……Page 302
Disk-and-Link Coupling Simplifies Transmissions……Page 303
Interlocking Space-Frames Flex as They Transmit Shaft Torque……Page 304
Off-Center Pins Cancel Misalignment of Shafts……Page 306
Hinged Links and Torsion Bushings Give Drives a Soft Start……Page 307
Universal Joint Relays Power 45° at Constant Speeds……Page 308
Basic Mechanical Clutches……Page 309
Spring-Wrapped Slip Clutches……Page 311
Controlled-Slip Concept Adds New Uses for Spring Clutches……Page 313
Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch……Page 314
Slip and Bidirectional Clutches Combine to Control Torque……Page 315
Walking Pressure Plate Delivers Constant Torque……Page 316
Fast-Reversal Reel Drive……Page 317
Seven Overrunning Clutches……Page 318
Roller-Type Clutch……Page 319
One-Way Output From Speed Reducers……Page 320
Springs, Shuttle Pinion, and Sliding Ball Perform in One-Way Drives……Page 321
Details of Overriding Clutches……Page 323
Ten Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches……Page 325
Applications for Sprag-Type Clutches……Page 327
Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service……Page 329
Mechanisms for Station Clutches……Page 331
Twelve Applications for Electromagnetic Clutches and Brakes……Page 333
Trip Roller Clutch……Page 335
Geared Electromechanical Rotary Joint……Page 336
Ten Universal Shaft Couplings……Page 337
Methods for Coupling Rotating Shafts……Page 339
Linkages for Band Clutches and Brakes……Page 343
Special Coupling Mechanisms……Page 344
Link Coupling Mechanisms……Page 345
10. Torque-Limiting, Tensioning, and Governing Devices……Page 346
Sensors Aid Clutch/Brakes……Page 347
Constant Watch on Cable Tension……Page 348
Torque-Limiters Protect Light-Duty Drives……Page 349
Limiters Prevent Overloading……Page 350
Seven Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation……Page 353
Mechanical Systems for Controlling Tension and Speed……Page 355
Drives for Controlling Tension……Page 359
Switch Prevents Overloading of a Hoist……Page 362
Mechanical, Geared, and Cammed Limit Switches……Page 363
Limit Switches in Machinery……Page 365
Automatic Speed Governors……Page 369
Centrifugal, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, and Electric Governors……Page 371
Speed Control Devices for Mechanisms……Page 373
Floating-Pinion Torque Splitter……Page 374
11. Pneumatic and Hydraulic Machine and Mechanism Control……Page 375
Designs and Operating Principles of Typical Pumps……Page 376
Rotary-Pump Mechanisms……Page 380
Mechanisms Actuated by Pneumatic or Hydraulic Cylinders……Page 382
Linkages Actuate Steering in a Tractor……Page 384
Fifteen Jobs for Pneumatic Power……Page 385
Ten Ways to Use Metal Diaphragms and Capsules……Page 386
Differential Transformer Sensing Devices……Page 388
High-Speed Counters……Page 390
Designing With Permanent Magnets……Page 391
Permanent Magnet Mechanisms……Page 393
Electrically Driven Hammer Mechanisms……Page 396
Thermostatic Mechanisms……Page 398
Temperature-Regulating Mechanisms……Page 402
Photoelectric Controls……Page 404
Liquid Level Indicators and Controllers……Page 406
Instant Muscle With Pyrotechnic Power……Page 408
12. Fastening, Latching, Clamping and Chucking Devices……Page 410
Remotely Controlled Latch……Page 411
Grapple Frees Loads Automatically……Page 412
Automatic Brake Locks Hoist When Driving Torque Ceases……Page 413
Perpendicular-Force Latch……Page 414
Quick-Release Mechanisms……Page 415
Cammed Jaws in Hydraulic Cylinder Grip Sheets……Page 416
Quick-Acting Clamps for Machines and Fixtures……Page 417
Friction Clamping Devices……Page 419
Detents for Stopping Mechanical Movements……Page 421
Ten Different Splined Connections……Page 423
Fourteen Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts……Page 425
Clamping Devices for Accurately Aligning Adjustable Parts……Page 427
Short In-Line Turnbuckle……Page 429
Actuator Exerts Tensile or Compressive Axial Load……Page 430
Gripping System for Mechanical Testing of Composites……Page 431
Passive Capture Joint With Three Degrees of Freedom……Page 432
Probe-and-Socket Fasteners for Robotic Assembly……Page 433
13. Key Equations and Charts for Designing Mechanisms……Page 434
Four-Bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications……Page 435
Designing Geared Five-Bar Mechanisms……Page 437
Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms-The External Geneva Wheel……Page 441
Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms-The Internal Geneva Wheel……Page 444
Equations for Designing Cycloid Mechanisms……Page 447
Designing Crank-and-Rocker Links With Optimum Force Transmission……Page 450
Design Curves and Equations for Gear-Slider Mechanisms……Page 453
Designing Snap-Action Toggles……Page 457
Feeder Mechanisms for Angular Motions……Page 460
Feeder Mechanisms for Curvilinear Motions……Page 461
Roberts’ Law Helps to Find Alternate Four-Bar Linkages……Page 464
Ratchet Layout Analyzed……Page 465
Slider-Crank Mechanism……Page 466
14. New Directions in Machine Design……Page 467
Software Improvements Expand CAD Capabilities……Page 468
New Processes Expand Choices for Rapid Prototyping……Page 472
Micromachines Open a New Frontier for Machine Design……Page 479
Gallery of MEMS Electron-Microscope Images……Page 482
Miniature Multispeed Transmissions for Small Motors……Page 485
MEMS Chips Become Integrated Microcontrol Systems……Page 486
LIGA: An Alternative Method for Making Microminiature Parts……Page 488
B……Page 490
C……Page 491
D……Page 497
F……Page 502
G……Page 503
H……Page 506
J……Page 507
L……Page 508
M……Page 510
O……Page 517
P……Page 518
R……Page 519
S……Page 521
T……Page 524
W……Page 525
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