Integrating microelectronics into gas distribution

W.F. Rush, J.E. Huebler, R.W. Smith9781851661510, 1851661514, 0203216156, 9780203216156, 9780203293270

Table of contents :
BOOK COVER……Page 1
TITLE……Page 2
COPYRIGHT……Page 3
PREFACE……Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 5
INTEGRATING MICROELECTRONICS INTO GAS DISTRIBUTION I……Page 9
AUTOMATION CONSIDERATIONS……Page 10
Site Environment……Page 11
Communication Links (Telemetry)……Page 12
AUTOMATION PROCESSING……Page 13
Remote Processing……Page 14
TRANSDUCERS……Page 15
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY……Page 17
MICROELECTRONICS……Page 18
Communication……Page 19
Instrumentation……Page 20
REFERENCES……Page 21
MICROPROCESSORS APPLIED TO ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF GAS SYSTEMS……Page 22
SUMMARY:……Page 29
REDI/EDI/MEDI — ELECTRONIC REMOTE READERS……Page 31
ELSA — A MICROPROCESSOR BASED FLOW COMPUTER……Page 34
SIGMA (Sonic Integrated Gas Measurement Assembly) A Real Time Measurement and Control Station……Page 38
THE FUTURE……Page 41
Introduction……Page 43
Applications……Page 44
Justifying the Application……Page 45
Communication Process……Page 46
Conclusion……Page 47
Introduction and History……Page 48
CMR Efforts Today……Page 49
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW……Page 51
PROTOCOL CONVERTER……Page 52
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW……Page 53
MIU SPECIFICATIONS……Page 54
METER WITH ENCODER……Page 55
CCU STRUCTURE AND OPERATION……Page 56
METER MOUNTED INSTRUMENTS……Page 58
“ELECTROCORECTORS”……Page 60
ELECTROCORECTOR T……Page 61
ELECTROCORECTOR P……Page 62
ELECTROCORECTOR P/T……Page 63
ELECTROCORECTOR FEATURES CHALLENGE MECHANICAL INTEGRATORS……Page 64
REAL TIME MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAS METER STATIONS……Page 65
COMPUTER……Page 66
POWER……Page 67
CONCLUSION……Page 68
AUTOMATION OF FACILITIES INFORMATION……Page 69
INTRODUCTION……Page 76
MICAPS FIELD UNIT……Page 78
DATA IDENTIFICATION……Page 80
MODEM……Page 82
SYSTEM BENEFITS……Page 84
SUMMARY……Page 85
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION……Page 87
KEY DESIGN FEATURES OF THE DEI RMR SYSTEMS……Page 88
CONCLUSION……Page 89
INTRODUCTION……Page 93
KEY CONCEPTS OF THE TOTAL APPROACH……Page 94
GENERIC AUTOMATION PARTS……Page 95
ONE POSSIBLE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION……Page 96
BENEFITS OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM APPROACH……Page 97
DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC BENEFITS……Page 98
RETROFITTING POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS……Page 99
THE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION……Page 100
SUMMARY……Page 101
Introduction……Page 103
Pipe Location……Page 104
Flaw Detectors……Page 105
Metering……Page 106
Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM)……Page 109
CONCLUSIONS……Page 110
INTRODUCTION……Page 113
Control System Hardware……Page 114
Software……Page 118
REFERENCES……Page 121
INTRODUCTION……Page 122
Site Selection……Page 123
Measurement Accuracy……Page 124
System Economics……Page 126
Making the Transition……Page 127
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 128
PEOPLES GAS TAKES ANOTHER STEP INTO THE COMPUTER AGE……Page 129
Telecommunications Link; Data Transmission and Communication……Page 130
The Central Computer; Data Storage and Processing……Page 131
System Benefits……Page 132
REASONS FOR ELECTRONICS AT UNION GAS……Page 134
TURBINE METER CORRECTION MICRO……Page 135
TURBINE METER TEST LOOP……Page 136
MICRO ODOURANT INJECTION SYSTEM……Page 137
DISTRIBUTION ALARM SYSTEM……Page 138
CONCLUSION……Page 140
INTRODUCTION……Page 141
DISCUSSION……Page 142
Lamar District Gas System Monitoring……Page 143
CONCLUSIONS……Page 145
INTEGRATING MICROELECTRONICS INTO GAS DISTRIBUTION II……Page 146
INTRODUCTION……Page 147
GENERAL FORCES……Page 148
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Approaches……Page 149
FEATURES COMMON TO AUTOMATION SYSTEMS……Page 150
Power Supply……Page 151
AUTOMATION POTENTIAL……Page 152
AUTOMATION CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY……Page 153
AN OVERVIEW OF MICROELECTRONICS……Page 155
Memory……Page 156
Microprocessors……Page 160
CONCLUSION……Page 164
INTRODUCTION……Page 165
Autonomous Robotic Mouse……Page 166
Electromagnetic Pipe Locators……Page 167
Acoustic/Seismic Sensors……Page 168
NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE……Page 169
Ultrasonic Inspection……Page 170
AUTOMATIC CONTROLS AND INTELLIGENT MACHINERY……Page 171
CONCLUSIONS……Page 172
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 173
CENTRALIZED METER READING: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE……Page 175
CENTRALIZED METER READING: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE……Page 176
Introduction……Page 178
Applications……Page 179
Justifying the Application……Page 180
Communication Process……Page 181
Conclusion……Page 182
GENERAL……Page 183
ETD: Temperature Corrector……Page 184
EPT: Pressure/Temperature……Page 185
Data Collection Unit (DCU)……Page 186
SUMMARY……Page 187
SONIC INTEGRATED GAS MEASUREMENT ASSEMBLY: A REAL TIME MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL STATION……Page 188
JUSTIFYING AUTOMATED METER READING TECHNOLOGY IN THE GAS INDUSTRY……Page 193
IMPLEMENTING NEW TECHNOLOGY……Page 194
DEI New Technology Program……Page 195
EnScan™ Advantages……Page 196
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 197
VOLUME CORRECTORS AND FLOW COMPUTERS……Page 198
Accuracy……Page 199
Application Flexibility……Page 200
Summary……Page 201
SELECTING A GAS SCADA SYSTEM……Page 202
PROCESS OF SELECTION……Page 203
I. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS……Page 204
II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS……Page 205
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 206
SCADA SYSTEMS IN GAS DISTRIBUTION FROM THEN, ‘TIL NOW, ‘TIL TOMORROW: AN EVOLUTION OF METERING……Page 207
HISTORY……Page 213
Planning and Development of the New System……Page 214
INSTALLATION……Page 215
Separation From Telephone Lines……Page 216
FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS AND EXPANSION……Page 218
I. COMPANY OVERVIEWS……Page 219
II. REMOTE METER READING SYSTEM EVALUATION OBJECTIVES……Page 220
V. CUSTOMER ADVANTAGES……Page 221
VI. AREAS OF POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES TO UTILITIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:……Page 222
VII. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS……Page 223
VIII. EQUITABLE’S PILOT PROGRAM……Page 224
X. SUMMARY……Page 225
INTRODUCTION……Page 226
BIDDERS’ LIST SELECTION……Page 237
WORK STATEMENT PREPARATION/CONTRACT NEGOTIATION……Page 238
SYSTEM INTEGRATION, TEST, AND INSTALLATION……Page 239
INTEGRATION OF CORPORATE DATA SYSTEMS……Page 241
CURRENT TECHNOLOGY……Page 242
Network Telemetry Systems……Page 243
Project Management Systems……Page 244
EXAMPLE……Page 245
Weather Data……Page 248
Expansion……Page 250
PERSPECTIVES ON STANDARDIZATION……Page 251
INTRODUCTION……Page 253
HISTORY OF AMR AT HACKENSACK WATER COMPANY……Page 254
DEVELOPMENTS LEADING TO AMR IMPLEMENTATION……Page 255
OVERCOMING IMPEDIMENTS TO AMR IMPLEMENTATION……Page 256
A FINAL WORD……Page 258
METER READING BEFORE ELECTRONIC METHODS……Page 259
PPS BACKGROUND……Page 260
Series/1 Systems……Page 261
Enterprise 4000 Systems……Page 263
Benefits……Page 266
Substation Inspection……Page 268
FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRONIC METER READING……Page 269
ADVANCED GAS DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH AT IGT……Page 270
AUTOMATION TRENDS……Page 271
EFFICIENCIES AND SYNERGIES……Page 272
KEY CONCEPTS OF THE TOTAL APPROACH……Page 273
Definition of Automated Components……Page 274
Design of Laboratory System……Page 275
Investigate Well Developed Technologies……Page 276
SUMMARY……Page 277
A LOW POWER MICRO DATA PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEM PROGRAMMABLE ON SITE IN BASIC……Page 278
1— ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVES……Page 279
2.2— REAL TIME……Page 280
3.1— DESIGN PRINCIPLES……Page 281
3.2— TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION……Page 282
4.1— INSTRUMENTATION……Page 283
4.2— REGULATION……Page 284
CONCLUSION……Page 285
Introduction……Page 286
Identificaion of Lost Gas……Page 287
Summary……Page 292
WHO IS AFFECTED BY MEASUREMENT IN A GAS TRANSMISSION COMPANY?……Page 295
METERING UNCERTAINTY: ORIFICE AND CHART RECORDER ACCURACIES……Page 296
CHART INTEGRATION……Page 298
WIDE BAND CHART……Page 299
COMPARING “EXTENSIONS AND TIME” WITH FLOW COMPUTERS AND CHART RECORDERS……Page 300
ACCURACY COMPARISON TABLE: FLOW COMPUTER VS. CHART RECORDER……Page 302
COMMON COSTS OF CHART RECORDERS AND FLOW COMPUTERS……Page 304
FIELD COSTS FOR CHART RECORDERS……Page 305
OPERATIONAL COSTS OF THE FLOW COMPUTER AND RETRIEVAL PROCESS……Page 306
FIELD COSTS FOR FLOW COMPUTERS……Page 307
ELECTRONIC METERING STANDARDS……Page 309
REFERENCES……Page 310
INTRODUCTION……Page 311
CHARTS AND FLOW COMPUTERS……Page 312
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS……Page 313
SYSTEM JUSTIFICATION……Page 319
SYSTEM OPERATION……Page 320
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS……Page 321
THE CAIN ENCODER™—AUTOMATIC METER READING FOR THE REAL WORLD……Page 322
DISTRIBUTION ROBOTICS IN THE GAS INDUSTRY: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS……Page 326
DEFINITION OF DISTRIBUTION ROBOTICS……Page 327
APPLICATIONS OF DISTRIBUTION ROBOTICS……Page 328
Motion……Page 329
Sensory Perception……Page 331
Communication……Page 333
Peripherals and External Support Systems……Page 334
Safety Considerations……Page 335
Autonomous Control……Page 336
SUMMARY……Page 337