Functional ultrastructure: an atlas of tissue biology and pathology

Margit Pavelka, Jürgen Roth3211835644, 9783211835647, 9783211263921

This atlas of functional ultrastructure provides not only a detailed insight into the complex structure and organization of cells and tissues but also into specific functions fulfilled by the various cellular organelles and the dynamics of the different processes inside cells. The large collection of electron micrographs, together with those from immunoelectron microscopy, is complemented by thorough explanatory texts and schemes. Emphasis was placed on an integrated view of structure and function to show that subcellular organelles provide the structural foundation for fundamental processes of living organisms. Specialized cell types form the various tissues, and principles of tissue organization are presented. Under various conditions of disease, characteristic structural alterations may occur which is illustrated by examples. The book provides a source of information for scientists and students of Medicine and Biological Sciences, particularly of Histology, Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry.

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Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
ISBN 3211835644 Springer Wien New York……Page 4
FOREWORD……Page 6
PREFACE……Page 7
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……Page 8
CONTRIBUTORS OF ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS……Page 9
CONTENTS……Page 10
THE CELL……Page 15
Introduction: Structural organisation of a mammalian cell……Page 16
Architecture of the cell nucleus……Page 18
Nuclear lamina……Page 20
Detection of sites of DNA replication and of interphase chromosome domains……Page 22
Nucleolus……Page 24
Changes of the nucleolar architecture……Page 26
Detection of sites of RNA synthesis……Page 28
Nuclear pore complexes……Page 30
Nuclear pore complexes: Structural changes as monitored by time-lapse atomic force microscopy……Page 32
Mitosis and cell division……Page 34
Viral inclusions……Page 36
Secretory pathway of pancreatic acinar cells……Page 38
Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum……Page 40
Nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum……Page 42
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Site of protein translocation and initiation of protein N-glycosylation……Page 44
Oligosaccharide trimming, reglucosylation, and protein quality control in the rough endoplasmic reticulum……Page 46
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Storage site of aggregates of misfolded glycoproteins……Page 48
Russell bodies and aggresomes represent different types of protein inclusion bodies……Page 50
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum……Page 52
Proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum……Page 54
Pre-Golgi intermediates……Page 56
Pre-Golgi intermediates: Oligosaccharide trimming and protein quality control……Page 58
Golgi apparatus: A main crossroads along secretory pathways……Page 60
Protein secretion visualised by immunoelectron microscopy……Page 62
Protein N-glycosylation: Oligosaccharide trimming in the Golgi apparatus and pre-Golgi intermediates……Page 64
Golgi apparatus: Site of maturation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides……Page 66
Cell-type-related variations in the topography of Golgi apparatus glycosylation reactions……Page 68
Cell-type-related differences in oligosaccharide structure……Page 70
Topography of biosynthesis of serine/threonine-linked oligosaccharides……Page 72
Golgi apparatus and TGN – Secretion and endocytosis……Page 74
Golgi apparatus, TGN and trans-Golgi-ER……Page 76
Golgi apparatus, TGN and trans-Golgi-ER: Tilt series……Page 78
Brefeldin A-induced disassembly of the Golgi apparatus……Page 80
Brefeldin A-treatment: Tubulation of Golgi apparatus and endosomes……Page 82
Brefeldin A-treatment: Effect on retrograde transport of internalised WGA……Page 84
Brefeldin A-treatment: Transitional ER-elements and pre-Golgi intermediates……Page 86
Heat shock response of the Golgi apparatus……Page 88
Changes of the Golgi apparatus upon ATP-depletion and ATP-replenishment……Page 90
Secretory granules……Page 92
Secretory granule types……Page 94
Receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles and virus endocytosis……Page 96
Endosomes and endocytic pathways……Page 98
Endocytic trans-Golgi network and retrograde traffic into the Golgi apparatus……Page 100
Tubular pericentriolar endosomes……Page 102
Langerhans cells and Birbeck granules: Antigen presenting dendritic cells of the epidermis……Page 104
Caveolae……Page 106
Fluid phase endocytosis and phagocytosis……Page 108
Lysosomes……Page 110
Lysosomes: Localisation of acid phosphatase, LAMP and polylactosamine……Page 112
I-cell disease……Page 114
Gaucher’s disease……Page 116
Fabry’s disease……Page 118
G[sub(M2)] gangliosidoses……Page 120
Farber’s disease……Page 122
Wolman’s disease……Page 124
Cystinosis……Page 126
Autophagosomes: Organelles for limited self-digestion……Page 128
Mitochondria: Crista- and tubulus-types……Page 130
Abnormalities of mitochondria……Page 132
Peroxisomes: Multitalented organelles……Page 134
Peroxisome biogenesis……Page 136
Peroxisomes: Adaptive changes……Page 138
Peroxisomal diseases……Page 140
Glycogenosis type I……Page 142
Erythropoietic protoporphyria……Page 144
Cytocentre, centrosome, and microtubules……Page 146
Effects of microtubule disruption……Page 148
Actin filaments……Page 150
Intermediate filaments……Page 152
Mallory bodies……Page 154
The plasma membrane……Page 156
Cells in culture……Page 158
Brush cell……Page 160
Glycocalyx (cell coat)……Page 162
Glycocalyx: Cell type specificity and domains……Page 164
Glycocalyx changes in tumours……Page 166
Junctional complex……Page 168
Tight junctions and gap junctions……Page 170
Spot desmosomes……Page 172
Cellular interdigitations……Page 174
Basal labyrinth……Page 176
Basement membrane……Page 178
Alport’s syndrome (hereditary nephritis)……Page 180
Descemet’s membrane……Page 182
Skin basement membrane and keratinocyte hemidesmosomes: An epithel-connective tissue junctional complex……Page 184
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex……Page 186
PRINCIPLES OF TISSUE ORGANISATION……Page 189
Pancreatic acinus……Page 190
Acinar centre: Acinar and centroacinar cells……Page 192
Pancreatic intercalated duct……Page 194
Submandibular gland……Page 196
Parietal cells of stomach: Secretion of acid……Page 198
Intercalated cells of kidney: Important regulators of acid-base balance……Page 200
Endocrine secretion: Insulin-producing beta cells of islets of Langerhans……Page 202
Impaired insulin processing in human insulinoma……Page 204
Cells of the disseminated endocrine system……Page 206
Liver epithelium……Page 208
Liver epithelium: Bile canaliculi……Page 210
Liver epithelium: Pathway of secretory lipoprotein particles……Page 212
Choroid plexus ependyma……Page 214
Small intestine: Absorptive cells……Page 216
Small intestine: Pathway of lipids……Page 218
Renal proximal tubule: A reabsorption plant……Page 220
Parathyroid hormone response of renal proximal tubules……Page 222
Photoreceptor cells of the retina: Signalling of light……Page 224
Photoreceptor cells of the retina: Light-induced apoptosis……Page 226
Corneal epithelium……Page 228
Epidermis……Page 230
Differentiation of keratinocytes and formation of the epidermal fluid barrier……Page 232
The tracheo-bronchial epithelium……Page 234
Ciliary pathology: Immotile cilia syndrome and Kartagener syndrome……Page 236
Alveoli: Gas exchange and host defense……Page 238
Umbrella cell – Surface specialisations……Page 240
Umbrella cell – Fusiform vesicles……Page 242
Continuous capillary,Weibel-Palade bodies……Page 244
Fenestrated capillary……Page 246
Endothelio-pericyte and endothelio-smooth muscle cell interactions……Page 248
Glomerulus: A specialised device for filtering……Page 250
Pathology of the glomerular filter: Minimal change glomerulopathy and congenital nephrotic syndromes……Page 252
Pathology of the glomerulus: Membranous glomerulonephritis……Page 254
Pathology of the glomerulus: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis……Page 256
Pathology of the glomerulus: Chronic allograft glomerulopathy……Page 258
Loose connective tissue……Page 260
Fibroblast, fibrocyte, macrophage……Page 262
Collagen und elastic fibres……Page 264
Eosinophilic granulocyte, plasma cell, macrophage, mast cell……Page 266
Dense connective tissue: Collagen bundles in the cornea……Page 268
Bowman’s layer……Page 270
Amyloidosis of kidney……Page 272
Amyloid fibrils: Growth as seen by time lapse, atomic force microscopy……Page 274
Articular cartilage……Page 276
Osteoblasts and osteocytes……Page 278
Osteoclast……Page 280
Myofibrils and sarcomere……Page 282
Sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, satellite cell……Page 284
Neuromuscular junction……Page 286
Muscular dystrophies……Page 288
Myofibrils, intercalated disk……Page 290
Smooth muscle cells, synapse á distance……Page 292
CADASIL……Page 294
Central nervous system: Neuron, glial cells……Page 296
Blood-brain barrier, synapses……Page 298
Unmyelinated nerve fibre……Page 300
Peripheral nerve, connective tissue components……Page 302
Myelinated nerve fibre, myelin……Page 304
Node of Ranvier……Page 306
Axonal degeneration……Page 308
Neuroaxonal dystrophy……Page 310
Neuropathies associated with dysproteinaemias……Page 312
Metachromatic leukodystrophy……Page 314
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis……Page 316
Red blood cells and cells of the erythroid lineage……Page 318
Neutrophilic granulocyte……Page 320
Eosinophilic granulocyte……Page 322
Monocyte……Page 324
Lymphocyte……Page 326
Megakaryocyte and thrombocyte……Page 328
Thrombocytes……Page 330
C……Page 332
D……Page 333
G……Page 334
K……Page 335
N……Page 336
P……Page 337
R……Page 338
S……Page 339
Z……Page 340