Radiologic Clinics Of North America Advances in Renal Imaging

Table of contents :
Cover
……Page 1
Preface
……Page 2
Pitch……Page 4
Routine protocols: concentration and total dosage……Page 5
High-concentration contrast: new uses……Page 6
CTA: technical differences……Page 7
Nonenhanced CT for urolithiasis……Page 8
Renal mass imaging……Page 9
Crossing vessels evaluation……Page 12
Pregnant patient evaluation……Page 13
Volumetric acquisition: plate detectors……Page 14
References……Page 15
Renal mass evaluation……Page 17
Renal artery evaluation……Page 18
Breathhold imaging……Page 20
Fast acquisitions……Page 22
Role of coils and parallel imaging……Page 23
Spin echo sequences……Page 24
Echo-train imaging……Page 25
GRE sequences……Page 26
In-phase and opposed phase……Page 28
Technical considerations for three-dimensional MR angiography……Page 32
Phase contrast……Page 34
Clinical application……Page 35
Subtraction for accurate detection of enhancement……Page 38
Three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms for vascular anatomy and surgical planning……Page 40
Summary……Page 41
References……Page 42
Renal artery stenosis……Page 48
Fibromuscular dysplasia……Page 50
ACE-inhibition renal scintigraphy……Page 52
Doppler ultrasonography……Page 53
MR angiography……Page 56
CT angiography……Page 57
Percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty……Page 58
Neurofibromatosis……Page 60
Renal artery aneurysm and dissection……Page 61
Polyarteritis nodosa……Page 62
Glomerulonephritis……Page 63
Chronic pyelonephritis……Page 64
Polycystic kidney disease……Page 65
References……Page 66
Clinical aspects of diagnosis……Page 69
Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and endocrine causes……Page 70
Sonography……Page 71
Gray-scale sonography……Page 72
Color Doppler imaging……Page 73
Angiography……Page 75
Renal scintigraphy……Page 77
References……Page 81
Evaluation of patients with hematuria……Page 83
Combining CT and projection radiography……Page 84
Excretory-phase enhanced CT with multiplanar reformation and three-dimensional reconstruction imaging……Page 91
Heavily T2-weighted MR urography……Page 93
Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR urography……Page 95
Summary……Page 97
References……Page 98
US contrast agents……Page 100
Microbubble-specific imaging techniques……Page 101
Angiomyolipoma……Page 102
Cystic masses……Page 104
Pseudotumors……Page 107
Indeterminate renal masses……Page 108
Infarction……Page 110
Pyelonephritis……Page 111
Summary……Page 112
References……Page 113
Advantages and disadvantages of CT……Page 116
Technique……Page 119
Interpretation……Page 120
Radiation issues……Page 126
Alternatives……Page 127
Summary……Page 129
References……Page 135
MR imaging of renal function……Page 137
Quantification of contrast……Page 138
Image analysis……Page 139
Renal perfusion imaging using extravascular contrast agents……Page 140
Glomerular filtration rate……Page 141
Single kidney GFR using MR relaxometry……Page 142
Single kidney GFR based on intrarenal kinetics……Page 143
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor MR renography for RVD……Page 144
MR urography for hydronephrosis……Page 146
MR imaging for renal transplant evaluation……Page 148
Summary……Page 150
References……Page 151
Selection of patients to image……Page 154
Intravenous urography……Page 155
Angiography……Page 156
Retrograde pyelography……Page 157
CT technique……Page 158
CT interpretation……Page 160
Classification of renal injuries……Page 161
Grade 1 injuries……Page 163
Grade 4 injuries……Page 164
Grade 5 injuries……Page 165
Vascular contrast extravasation……Page 167
References……Page 168
Histologic subtypes of renal cancer……Page 171
Von Hippel-Lindau disease……Page 173
Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma……Page 176
Hereditary leiomyoma renal cell carcinoma……Page 178
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome……Page 179
Familial renal oncocytoma……Page 180
Tuberous sclerosis……Page 181
References……Page 182
Surgical management of renal tumors……Page 186
Surgical anatomy of the kidneys……Page 187
Blood supply……Page 189
Surgical applications……Page 191
Radical nephrectomy……Page 192
Partial nephrectomy……Page 194
Laparoscopic surgery……Page 195
References……Page 196
Percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation of renal malignancies……Page 199
Summary……Page 206
References……Page 207