Essentials of Neuroimaging, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics

Table of contents :
Cover
……Page 1
Preface
……Page 2
Indications for imaging……Page 3
Cervical spine imaging……Page 4
Thoracic and lumbar imaging……Page 5
Screening of pediatric patients……Page 6
MR imaging……Page 7
Whiplash……Page 8
Vascular injury……Page 11
Summary……Page 12
References……Page 13
Epidemiology……Page 15
Goals for stroke imaging……Page 16
Radiology triage of the stroke patient……Page 17
Scenario classification and where to start……Page 18
Renal failure……Page 19
Hyperacute-acute stroke……Page 20
Pearls……Page 21
Signs and pitfalls……Page 22
Infarct evaluation on angiography (CT’angiography and catheter angiography)……Page 26
Perfusion imaging……Page 30
Assessment of the findings: synthesis and putative etiologies……Page 31
Detection of blood products……Page 32
References……Page 33
Imaging of Cervical Lymph Nodes inHead and Neck Cancer: The Basics……Page 37
Lymph node size and contour……Page 38
Necrotic and cystic lymph nodes……Page 39
Imaging characteristics: sonography……Page 40
Carotid invasion……Page 42
Evaluation of adenopathy with an occult primary……Page 43
Tumor recurrence versus treatment changes: a job for positron emission tomography imaging?……Page 44
References……Page 45
Overview of epilepsy……Page 47
Role of MR imaging……Page 48
Malformations of cortical development……Page 50
Ganglioglioma……Page 51
Cavernous malformations……Page 52
Posttraumatic epilepsy……Page 53
Infections……Page 54
Rasmussen´s encephalitis……Page 55
Sturge-Weber syndrome……Page 56
Normal variations……Page 57
Differential diagnosis: avoiding the pitfalls……Page 61
Postoperative imaging……Page 63
Interpretation of MR images: a systematic approach……Page 64
Recommendations for imaging protocols……Page 65
References……Page 66
Update on Multiple Sclerosis……Page 70
Enhancing lesions, the blood-brain barrier, and inflammation……Page 71
The T2 hyperintense lesion……Page 74
Multiple sclerosis lesion heterogeneity by neuropathology……Page 76
Characteristics and distribution of lesions in the brain……Page 77
Characteristics and distribution of lesions in the spinal cord……Page 78
The normal-appearing white and gray matter……Page 79
Axonal injury and neuronal tract degeneration……Page 81
Disease course by MR imaging……Page 82
The clinical significance of the MR imaging pathology……Page 83
MR imaging in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis……Page 84
Monitoring patients by MR imaging……Page 85
References……Page 86
Acute Injury to the Immature Brain with Hypoxia with or Without Hypoperfusion……Page 92
Brain injury in the neonate……Page 93
Central and peripheral patterns……Page 94
Focal pattern……Page 99
Hypoxia-anoxia with maintained perfusion……Page 100
Limitations of diffusion-weighted imaging……Page 104
References……Page 105
Ocular anatomy……Page 107
Iris……Page 109
Retina……Page 110
Vitreous……Page 111
Retinal detachment……Page 112
Choroidal detachment and choroidal effusion……Page 114
Uveitis……Page 117
Ocular calcifications……Page 120
Ocular tumors……Page 122
Malignant uveal melanoma……Page 123
Choroidal hemangioma……Page 125
Other uveal tumors……Page 127
References……Page 128
Imaging of Traumatic Neurovascular Injury……Page 130
Imaging……Page 131
Vascular injuries of the neck resulting from penetrating trauma……Page 139
Blunt traumatic cervicocerebral vascular injury……Page 141
Extracranial head and neck arteriovenous fistulas……Page 144
Facial trauma and epistaxis……Page 145
Intracranial dissections, aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, and lacerations……Page 146
Intracranial arteriovenous fistula……Page 148
References……Page 150