Instrumentation and Control

Table of contents :
ABSTRACT……Page 3
FOREWORD……Page 5
OVERVIEW……Page 7
Module 1 Temperature Detectors……Page 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 13
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 14
LIST OF TABLES……Page 15
REFERENCES……Page 16
OBJECTIVES……Page 17
Temperature……Page 19
RTD Construction……Page 20
Summary……Page 22
Thermocouple Construction……Page 23
Thermocouple Operation……Page 24
Summary……Page 25
Detector Problems……Page 26
Summary……Page 27
Bridge Circuit Construction……Page 28
Bridge Circuit Operation……Page 30
Temperature Detection Circuit……Page 32
Temperature Compensation……Page 33
Summary……Page 34
Module 2 Pressure Detectors……Page 35
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 37
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 38
LIST OF TABLES……Page 39
REFERENCES……Page 40
OBJECTIVES……Page 41
Bellows-Type Detectors……Page 43
Bourdon Tube-Type Detectors……Page 44
Summary……Page 45
Environmental Concerns……Page 46
Summary……Page 47
Resistance-Type Transducers……Page 48
Inductance-Type Transducers……Page 51
Capacitive-Type Transducers……Page 53
Detection Circuitry……Page 54
Summary……Page 55
Module 3 Level Detectors……Page 57
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 59
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 60
LIST OF TABLES……Page 61
REFERENCES……Page 62
OBJECTIVES……Page 63
Gauge Glass……Page 65
Ball Float……Page 68
Chain Float……Page 69
Conductivity Probe Method……Page 70
Differential Pressure Level Detectors……Page 71
Summary……Page 74
Specific Volume……Page 75
Reference Leg Temperature Considerations……Page 76
Steam Generator Level Instrument……Page 77
Summary……Page 78
Remote Indication……Page 79
Environmental Concerns……Page 80
Summary……Page 81
Module 4 Flow Detectors……Page 83
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 85
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 86
LIST OF TABLES……Page 87
REFERENCES……Page 88
OBJECTIVES……Page 89
HEAD FLOW METERS……Page 91
Orifice Plate……Page 93
Venturi Tube……Page 94
Dall Flow Tube……Page 95
Pitot Tube……Page 96
Summary……Page 97
Area Flow Meter……Page 98
Displacement Meter……Page 99
Ultrasonic Flow Equipment……Page 100
Summary……Page 101
STEAM FLOW DETECTION……Page 102
Summary……Page 106
Circuitry……Page 107
Environmental Concerns……Page 108
Summary……Page 109
Module 5 Position Indicators……Page 111
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 113
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 114
LIST OF TABLES……Page 115
REFERENCES……Page 116
OBJECTIVES……Page 117
Synchro Equipment……Page 119
Summary……Page 122
Limit Switches……Page 123
Reed Switches……Page 124
Summary……Page 125
Potentiometer……Page 126
Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT)……Page 127
Summary……Page 128
POSITION INDICATION CIRCUITRY……Page 129
Summary……Page 131