Hugh Jack9780557344253, 0557344255
Table of contents :
4. LOGICAL SENSORS 4.1……Page 3
7. KARNAUGH MAPS 7.1……Page 4
10. STRUCTURED LOGIC DESIGN 10.1……Page 5
14. PLC MEMORY 14.1……Page 6
16. ADVANCED LADDER LOGIC FUNCTIONS 16.1……Page 7
20. SEQUENTIAL FUNCTION CHARTS 20.1……Page 8
23. CONTINUOUS SENSORS 23.1……Page 9
25. CONTINUOUS CONTROL 25.1……Page 10
28. NETWORKING 28.1……Page 11
30. HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACES (HMI) 30.1……Page 12
33. SELECTING A PLC 33.1……Page 13
35. COMBINED GLOSSARY OF TERMS 35.1……Page 14
37. GNU Free Documentation License 37.1……Page 15
1.1 TODO LIST……Page 19
2.1.1 Ladder Logic……Page 20
2.1.2 Programming……Page 25
2.1.3 PLC Connections……Page 29
2.1.4 Ladder Logic Inputs……Page 30
2.1.5 Ladder Logic Outputs……Page 31
2.2 A CASE STUDY……Page 32
2.3 SUMMARY……Page 33
2.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 34
2.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 35
3.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 36
3.2 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS……Page 37
3.2.1 Inputs……Page 38
3.2.2 Output Modules……Page 42
3.3 RELAYS……Page 48
3.4 A CASE STUDY……Page 49
3.5 ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS……Page 50
3.5.1 JIC Wiring Symbols……Page 52
3.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 56
3.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 59
3.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 62
4.2 SENSOR WIRING……Page 64
4.2.1 Switches……Page 65
4.2.3 Sinking/Sourcing……Page 66
4.2.4 Solid State Relays……Page 73
4.3.2 Reed Switches……Page 74
4.3.3 Optical (Photoelectric) Sensors……Page 75
4.3.4 Capacitive Sensors……Page 82
4.3.5 Inductive Sensors……Page 86
4.3.7 Hall Effect……Page 88
4.4 SUMMARY……Page 89
4.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 90
4.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 93
4.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 99
5.2 SOLENOIDS……Page 101
5.3 VALVES……Page 102
5.4 CYLINDERS……Page 104
5.5 HYDRAULICS……Page 106
5.6 PNEUMATICS……Page 108
5.7 MOTORS……Page 109
5.10 SUMMARY……Page 110
5.12 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 111
5.13 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 112
6.2 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA……Page 114
6.3 LOGIC DESIGN……Page 119
6.3.1 Boolean Algebra Techniques……Page 126
6.4.1 Complex Gate Forms……Page 127
6.4.2 Multiplexers……Page 128
6.5.1 Basic Logic Functions……Page 130
6.5.3 Motor Forward/Reverse……Page 131
6.5.4 A Burglar Alarm……Page 132
6.6 SUMMARY……Page 136
6.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 137
6.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 140
6.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 150
7.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 153
7.2 SUMMARY……Page 156
7.3 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 157
7.4 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 163
7.5 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 169
8.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 172
8.2 OPERATION SEQUENCE……Page 174
8.2.2 The Logic Scan……Page 175
8.4 MEMORY TYPES……Page 177
8.6 SUMMARY……Page 178
8.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 179
8.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 180
9.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 181
9.2 LATCHES……Page 182
9.3 TIMERS……Page 186
9.4 COUNTERS……Page 194
9.5 MASTER CONTROL RELAYS (MCRs)……Page 197
9.6 INTERNAL RELAYS……Page 199
9.7.1 Basic Counters And Timers……Page 200
9.7.2 More Timers And Counters……Page 201
9.7.3 Deadman Switch……Page 202
9.7.4 Conveyor……Page 203
9.7.5 Accept/Reject Sorting……Page 204
9.7.6 Shear Press……Page 206
9.8 SUMMARY……Page 207
9.9 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 208
9.10 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 212
9.11 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 223
10.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 226
10.2 PROCESS SEQUENCE BITS……Page 227
10.3 TIMING DIAGRAMS……Page 231
10.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 234
10.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 235
10.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 239
11.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 243
11.2 BLOCK LOGIC……Page 246
11.3 SEQUENCE BITS……Page 253
11.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 257
11.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 258
11.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 268
12.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 271
12.1.1 State Diagram Example……Page 274
12.1.2.1 – Block Logic Conversion……Page 277
12.1.2.2 – State Equations……Page 286
12.1.2.3 – State-Transition Equations……Page 294
12.3 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 299
12.4 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 304
12.5 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 319
13.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 326
13.2.1 Binary……Page 327
13.2.1.1 – Boolean Operations……Page 330
13.2.1.2 – Binary Mathematics……Page 331
13.2.2 Other Base Number Systems……Page 335
13.3.1 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)……Page 336
13.3.2 Parity……Page 339
13.3.3 Checksums……Page 340
13.3.4 Gray Code……Page 341
13.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 342
13.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 345
13.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 348
14.2 MEMORY ADDRESSES……Page 349
14.3 PROGRAM FILES……Page 350
14.4 DATA FILES……Page 351
14.4.1 User Bit Memory……Page 357
14.4.2 Timer Counter Memory……Page 358
14.4.3 PLC Status Bits (for PLC-5s and Micrologix)……Page 360
14.4.4 User Function Control Memory……Page 361
14.5 SUMMARY……Page 362
14.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 363
14.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 366
15.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 367
15.2.1 Move Functions……Page 369
15.2.2 Mathematical Functions……Page 371
15.2.3 Conversions……Page 376
15.2.4 Array Data Functions……Page 377
15.2.4.1 – Statistics……Page 378
15.2.4.2 – Block Operations……Page 379
15.3.1 Comparison of Values……Page 381
15.3.2 Boolean Functions……Page 387
15.4.1 Simple Calculation……Page 388
15.4.2 For-Next……Page 389
15.4.3 Series Calculation……Page 390
15.5 SUMMARY……Page 391
15.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 392
15.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 394
15.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 400
16.2.1 Shift Registers……Page 402
16.2.2 Stacks……Page 404
16.2.3 Sequencers……Page 407
16.3.1 Branching and Looping……Page 410
16.3.2 Fault Detection and Interrupts……Page 415
16.4.1 Immediate I/O Instructions……Page 419
16.4.2 Block Transfer Functions……Page 421
16.5.1 State Diagrams……Page 423
16.6.1 If-Then……Page 427
16.6.2 Traffic Light……Page 428
16.7 SUMMARY……Page 429
16.8 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 430
16.9 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 432
16.10 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 441
17.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 443
17.2 IEC 61131……Page 444
17.3 OPEN ARCHITECTURE CONTROLLERS……Page 445
17.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 446
18.2 THE IEC 61131 VERSION……Page 447
18.3 THE ALLEN-BRADLEY VERSION……Page 450
18.4 SUMMARY……Page 455
18.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 456
19.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 457
19.2 THE LANGUAGE……Page 458
19.3 SUMMARY……Page 475
19.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 476
20.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 477
20.3 SUMMARY……Page 492
20.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 493
20.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 494
20.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 501
21.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 502
21.2 CREATING FUNCTION BLOCKS……Page 504
21.4 SUMMARY……Page 505
21.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 506
22.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 507
22.2 ANALOG INPUTS……Page 508
22.2.1 Analog Inputs With a PLC……Page 515
22.3 ANALOG OUTPUTS……Page 519
22.3.1 Analog Outputs With A PLC……Page 522
22.3.2 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Outputs……Page 524
22.3.3 Shielding……Page 526
22.5 SUMMARY……Page 528
22.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 529
22.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 530
22.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 535
23.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 536
23.2 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS……Page 537
23.2.1.1 – Potentiometers……Page 538
23.2.2 Encoders……Page 539
23.2.3.1 – Potentiometers……Page 543
23.2.3.2 – Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT)……Page 544
23.2.3.3 – Moire Fringes……Page 546
23.2.3.4 – Accelerometers……Page 547
23.2.4.1 – Strain Gages……Page 550
23.2.4.2 – Piezoelectric……Page 553
23.2.5 Liquids and Gases……Page 555
23.2.5.1 – Pressure……Page 556
23.2.5.2 – Venturi Valves……Page 557
23.2.5.3 – Coriolis Flow Meter……Page 558
23.2.5.6 – Vortex Flow Meter……Page 559
23.2.6 Temperature……Page 560
23.2.6.2 – Thermocouples……Page 561
23.2.6.3 – Thermistors……Page 563
23.2.7.1 – Light Dependant Resistors (LDR)……Page 565
23.2.8.2 – Conductivity……Page 566
23.3 INPUT ISSUES……Page 567
23.4 SENSOR GLOSSARY……Page 572
23.5 SUMMARY……Page 573
23.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 574
23.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 575
23.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 577
24.2 ELECTRIC MOTORS……Page 579
24.2.1 Basic Brushed DC Motors……Page 581
24.2.2 AC Motors……Page 585
24.2.3 Brushless DC Motors……Page 593
24.2.4 Stepper Motors……Page 595
24.2.5 Wound Field Motors……Page 597
24.3 HYDRAULICS……Page 601
24.4 OTHER SYSTEMS……Page 602
24.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 603
24.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 604
25.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 606
25.2 CONTROL OF LOGICAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS……Page 609
25.3.1 Block Diagrams……Page 610
25.3.2 Feedback Control Systems……Page 611
25.3.3 Proportional Controllers……Page 613
25.3.4 PID Control Systems……Page 617
25.4.1 Oven Temperature Control……Page 619
25.4.2 Water Tank Level Control……Page 622
25.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 625
25.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 626
25.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 631
26.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 633
26.4 SUMMARY……Page 639
26.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 640
27.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 642
27.2 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS……Page 643
27.2.1 RS-232……Page 646
27.2.1.1 – ASCII Functions……Page 650
27.3 PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS……Page 654
27.4.1 PLC Interface To a Robot……Page 655
27.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 656
27.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 657
27.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 659
28.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 661
28.1.1 Topology……Page 662
28.1.2 OSI Network Model……Page 663
28.1.3 Networking Hardware……Page 665
28.1.4 Control Network Issues……Page 667
28.2.1 Devicenet……Page 668
28.2.2 CANbus……Page 672
28.2.3 Controlnet……Page 673
28.2.4 Ethernet……Page 674
28.2.6 Sercos……Page 675
28.3.1 Data Highway……Page 676
28.4 NETWORK COMPARISONS……Page 680
28.5.1 Devicenet……Page 682
28.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS……Page 683
28.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS……Page 684
28.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 688
29.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 690
29.1.1 Computer Addresses……Page 691
29.1.3 Mail Transfer Protocols……Page 692
29.1.6 Novell……Page 693
29.1.8 HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language……Page 694
29.1.10 Encryption……Page 695
29.1.12 Clients and Servers……Page 696
29.1.16 ActiveX……Page 698
29.2.1 Remote Monitoring System……Page 699
29.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 700
30.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 701
30.2 HMI/MMI DESIGN……Page 702
30.4 SUMMARY……Page 703
30.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 704
31.2 ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS……Page 705
31.2.1 Selecting Voltages……Page 712
31.2.2 Grounding……Page 713
31.2.3 Wiring……Page 716
31.2.4 Suppressors……Page 717
31.2.5 PLC Enclosures……Page 718
31.2.6 Wire and Cable Grouping……Page 720
31.3 FAIL-SAFE DESIGN……Page 721
31.4 SAFETY RULES SUMMARY……Page 722
31.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 724
32.1.1 Fail Safe Design……Page 726
32.2 DEBUGGING……Page 727
32.3 PROCESS MODELLING……Page 728
32.4.1 Developing a Program Structure……Page 733
32.4.2 Program Verification and Simulation……Page 736
32.5 DOCUMENTATION……Page 737
32.7 REFERENCES……Page 745
32.11 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 746
33.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 747
33.2 SPECIAL I/O MODULES……Page 752
33.3 SUMMARY……Page 755
33.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS……Page 756
34.1.1 General Functions……Page 757
34.1.2 Program Control……Page 759
34.1.3 Timers and Counters……Page 761
34.1.4 Compare……Page 766
34.1.5 Calculation and Conversion……Page 770
34.1.6 Logical……Page 776
34.1.7 Move……Page 777
34.1.8 File……Page 778
34.1.9 List……Page 783
34.1.10 Program Control……Page 786
34.1.11 Advanced Input/Output……Page 790
34.1.12 String……Page 793
34.2 DATA TYPES……Page 798
35.1 A……Page 805
35.2 B……Page 806
35.3 C……Page 809
35.4 D……Page 813
35.5 E……Page 815
35.6 F……Page 816
35.7 G……Page 817
35.9 I……Page 818
35.12 L……Page 820
35.13 M……Page 821
35.14 N……Page 823
35.15 O……Page 824
35.16 P……Page 825
35.18 R……Page 827
35.19 S……Page 829
35.20 T……Page 831
35.21 U……Page 832
35.23 W……Page 833
35.26 Z……Page 834
36.1 SUPPLIERS……Page 835
36.3 PLC/DISCRETE CONTROL REFERENCES……Page 836
37.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS……Page 840
37.3 VERBATIM COPYING……Page 841
37.5 MODIFICATIONS……Page 842
37.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS……Page 844
37.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE……Page 845
37.12 How to use this License for your documents……Page 846
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