M. Gabriel Khan9780124060616, 0124060617
* Coverage of more than 200 topics, including: applied pharmacology of current and experimental cardiac drugs, gene therapy, MRI, electron-beam CT, PET scan put in perspective, cardiac tests costs and justification, and new frontiers in cardiovascular research
* More than 150 helpful figures and illustrations!
* Dr. Khan is a well-published and respected expert in heart and heart diseases
Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
Title Page……Page 4
ISBN 0124060617……Page 5
Angioplasty/Coronary Balloon ……Page 8
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide ……Page 9
Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Disease ……Page 10
Diuretics ……Page 11
Heart Attacks ……Page 12
Murmurs and Heart Disease ……Page 13
Tests for Heart Diseases ……Page 14
Index ……Page 15
ABOUT THE AUTHOR……Page 16
PREFACE……Page 18
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……Page 20
B. Histological Changes……Page 22
D. Calcium Antagonists……Page 23
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 24
A. Alcohol and HDL Cholesterol……Page 26
B. Pathology……Page 27
B. French Red Wine versus German White Wine……Page 28
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 29
II. MECHANISMS……Page 30
V. PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS……Page 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 32
C. Chambers of the Heart……Page 34
D. Coronary Arteries……Page 40
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 44
II. CLINICAL STUDIES……Page 46
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 47
A. Pathogenesis……Page 48
B. Signs and Symptoms……Page 49
C. Treatment……Page 50
A. Signs and Symptoms……Page 51
B. Diagnostic Testing……Page 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 53
I. SIZE OF THE PROBLEM……Page 56
A. Overview……Page 57
B. Atheroma……Page 58
C. Mechanism of Pain……Page 59
A. Pain Pattern……Page 60
IV. DISEASE PROCESSES CAUSING ANGINA……Page 61
A. Case History……Page 62
A. Weight Reduction Effects……Page 63
D. L-Arginine……Page 65
A. Nitrates……Page 66
B. Beta-Blockers……Page 68
C. Calcium Blockers (Antagonists)……Page 71
D. Aspirin……Page 72
H. Ranolazine……Page 73
XI. VARIANT ANGINA (PRINZMETAL’S ANGINA)……Page 74
B. Management……Page 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 76
I. PROCEDURE……Page 78
III. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS……Page 79
IV. OUTCOME OF ANGIOPLASTY……Page 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 81
A. Mechanism of Action……Page 82
C. Indications……Page 83
D. Research Implications……Page 84
B. Available Angiotensin Receptor Blockers……Page 86
C. Clinical Trials……Page 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 88
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 90
I. STATINS……Page 92
A. Clinical Studies……Page 93
IV. BETA-CAROTENE……Page 94
VII. FRENCH RED WINE……Page 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 96
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 98
I. MECHANISM OF ACTION……Page 100
A. Aspirin……Page 101
B. Clopidogrel……Page 102
C. Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockers……Page 103
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 104
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 106
I. ORIGIN OF THE HEARTBEAT……Page 108
B. Causes……Page 109
III. TACHYCARDIA……Page 110
C. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia……Page 111
F. Ventricular Tachycardia……Page 114
IV. ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS……Page 116
C. Sotalol……Page 117
D. Amiodarone……Page 118
H. Procainamide……Page 119
I. Quinidine……Page 120
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 121
A. Hypertensive Arteriosclerosis……Page 122
II. ATHEROSCLEROSIS……Page 123
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 124
I. ELECTRIC TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART……Page 126
B. Lionheart……Page 127
C. Perspective……Page 128
III. IS THERE A LOGICAL ROLE FOR VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES?……Page 129
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 130
C. Lawerence Craven, 1953……Page 132
II. Mechanism of Action……Page 133
E. Prevention in Normal Individuals at Risk……Page 134
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 135
A. Incidence……Page 138
C. Perspective……Page 139
B. Arteries Involved……Page 140
A. Current Pathogenic Theories……Page 142
B. Hydrodynamic Forces/Pulsatile Blood Flow……Page 145
C. Arteries of Predilection……Page 146
D. Other Risk Factors……Page 147
B. Varnava et al…….Page 148
VI. PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS……Page 149
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 151
GLOSSARY……Page 152
A. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy……Page 153
F. Other Causes……Page 155
B. Cocaine, Anabolic Steroids, and Herbal Stimulants……Page 156
B. Clinical Studies……Page 157
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 158
GLOSSARY……Page 160
II. DIAGNOSIS……Page 161
III. CAUSES AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS……Page 162
E. Sick Sinus Syndrome……Page 163
A. Acute Atrial Fibrillation……Page 164
B. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation……Page 166
C. Persistent Atrial Fibrillation……Page 168
B. New Anticoagulant: Ximelagatran……Page 169
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 170
I. CLINICAL STUDY……Page 172
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 173
B. Mueller et al…….Page 174
II. PERSPECTIVE……Page 175
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 176
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 178
GLOSSARY……Page 180
III. SALUTARY EFFECTS……Page 181
C. Hypertension……Page 182
H. Mitral Regurgitation and Mitral Stenosis……Page 183
A. Norwegian Postinfarction Timolol Trial……Page 184
VII. CLASSIFICATION……Page 185
VIII. SUBTLE DIFFERENCES AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS……Page 186
G. Others……Page 187
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 188
I. CAUSES OF BLOOD CLOTS……Page 190
A. Thrombolytic Agents……Page 191
B. Antiplatelet Agents……Page 192
C. Oral Anticoagulants (Warfarin, Coumadin)……Page 193
D. Heparin……Page 194
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 195
B. Further Advances……Page 196
C. Advancements Leading to Current Methods……Page 198
A. Marked Variability……Page 199
E. Home Measurements……Page 200
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 201
I. CLINICAL FEATURES……Page 204
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 205
A. ECG Criteria for Diagnosis of Right Bundle Branch Block……Page 206
D. Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block……Page 207
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 208
I. BIOCHEMISTRY……Page 210
A. Cardiovascular……Page 211
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 212
I. MECHANISM OF ACTION……Page 214
A. Dihydropyridines……Page 215
C. Phenylalkylamines……Page 216
IV. NEXT GENERATION AGENTS……Page 217
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 218
II. DIAGNOSIS……Page 220
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 221
II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY……Page 222
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 223
GLOSSARY……Page 224
C. Microscopic Features……Page 225
C. Marked Left Ventricular Hypertrophy……Page 228
D. Management……Page 229
A. Genetics……Page 230
C. Investigations……Page 231
V. SPECIFIC HEART MUSCLE DISEASE……Page 232
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 233
C. Stroke……Page 236
III. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION……Page 237
C. Circulation……Page 238
IV. DEFIBRILLATION……Page 240
D. Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents……Page 241
VII. OUTCOMES OF OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST……Page 242
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 243
A. Acute Phase……Page 244
B. Latent and Chronic Phase……Page 245
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 246
II. PERSPECTIVE……Page 248
ABSTRACT……Page 249
II. CARDIAC DAMAGE FROM ANTHRACYCLINES……Page 250
C. Research Implications……Page 251
A. Acute Cardiovascular Effects……Page 252
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 253
A. 1900–1983……Page 254
D. 1995……Page 255
A. Familial Hypercholesterolemia……Page 256
IV. TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL……Page 257
C. High-Density Lipoprotein (Good) Cholesterol……Page 258
B. Blood LDL Cholesterol Levels……Page 261
B. Estimated 10-Year Risk for Men and Women/the Framingham Point Scores……Page 262
B. Polyunsaturates and Linolenic Acid……Page 263
D. General Advice on Diets……Page 264
A. HMC-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)……Page 265
F. Combination Therapy……Page 266
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 267
II. CLINICAL STUDY……Page 268
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 270
I. INCIDENCE AND CLASSIFICATION……Page 272
A. Clinical Features……Page 273
III. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS……Page 274
VI. COARCTATION OF THE AORTA……Page 275
A. Coronary Artery Anomalies in Adults……Page 276
A. Tetralogy of Fallot……Page 277
B. Teratogens……Page 279
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 282
A. Risks……Page 284
B. Perspective……Page 285
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 286
I. THE CORONARY ARTERIES……Page 288
A. Saphenous Vein……Page 289
D. Robotic Bypass Surgery……Page 290
B. Prolongation of Life……Page 291
B. Heart Failure……Page 292
A. Octogenarian Study……Page 293
C. Other Advice……Page 294
C. Clinical Study: The SOS Investigators……Page 295
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 296
I. A MARKER OF RISK……Page 298
A. Ridker et al…….Page 299
III. PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS……Page 300
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 301
II. FUNCTIONS……Page 302
A. Statins……Page 304
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 306
A. Immobilization……Page 308
B. Diagnostic Testing……Page 309
B. Prophylaxis……Page 310
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 311
II. DRUG MANAGEMENT……Page 312
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 313
A. Incidence……Page 314
B. Diagnosis……Page 315
A. Insulin Secretion……Page 316
B. Underlying Mechanisms……Page 318
E. Dyslipidemia……Page 319
A. Drugs……Page 320
B. Management of Dyslipidemia……Page 322
A. van Dam et al…….Page 323
A. Pathogenesis and Epidemiology……Page 324
B. Pathologic Features……Page 325
E. Perspective……Page 326
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 327
B. Recommended Diets……Page 328
II. TRANS FATTY ACIDS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE……Page 329
C. Effect on Blood Lipids……Page 330
A. Anorectic Agents……Page 331
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 332
C. Edema Caused by Kidney or Liver Disease……Page 334
II. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY……Page 335
A. Thiazides……Page 336
B. Loop Diuretics — Furosemide……Page 337
C. Aldosterone Antagonists/Potassium-Sparing Diuretics……Page 338
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 339
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 340
C. Types……Page 342
D. Abnormalities……Page 344
E. Drug Management……Page 345
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 347
D. Harvey Feigenbaum……Page 348
A. Echocardiographic Window……Page 349
B. Thrombi……Page 350
E. Heart Failure……Page 351
V. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS……Page 353
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 354
I. EFFECTS OF COMPONENTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE……Page 356
B. Carbon Monoxide……Page 357
A. Anginal Pain……Page 358
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 359
B. Einthoven……Page 362
II. GENERAL APPLICATIONS……Page 363
A. Acute Myocardial Infarction……Page 364
C. Electrical Conduction Defects……Page 367
D. Arrhythmia……Page 368
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 370
I. DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART……Page 374
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 378
II. DIAGNOSIS……Page 380
IV. PREVENTION……Page 381
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 382
B. Management……Page 384
A. Cushing’s Syndrome……Page 385
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 386
A. Physiology of Penile Erection……Page 388
A. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors……Page 390
B. Sildenafil……Page 391
C. Valdenafil and Tadalafil……Page 393
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 394
I. BENEFITS OF EXERCISE……Page 396
A. Cardiopulmonary Physiology……Page 397
C. Caloric Costs of Work……Page 398
D. Cardiovascular Conditioning — Training Effect……Page 399
III. ISOMETRIC, STATIC EXERCISE……Page 401
V. EFFECTS ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND ATHEROMA……Page 402
B. Other Effects……Page 403
D. Australian Study……Page 404
H. Vigorous Exercise and Risk……Page 405
A. General Advice……Page 406
B. Heart Rate Maximum and Training Range……Page 407
X. EXERCISE STRESS TEST……Page 408
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 409
I. STRATEGIES……Page 412
II. CLINICAL APPLICATION……Page 413
A. Progression of Atherosclerosis……Page 415
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 416
GLOSSARY……Page 418
II. CAUSES AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY……Page 419
A. Type of Pain……Page 421
B. The Location of the Pain……Page 422
C. Severity and Duration of the Pain……Page 423
E. Associated Symptoms……Page 424
VI. MIMICS OF A HEART ATTACK……Page 426
C. Esophageal Spasm……Page 427
A. What to do Before the Ambulance Arrives……Page 428
B. Mobile Coronary Care Ambulance……Page 429
VIII. WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE HOSPITAL……Page 430
A. Coronary Care Units……Page 431
A. Electrocardiogram……Page 432
B. Blood Tests/Cardiac Enzymes……Page 433
A. Pain……Page 434
B. Strategies to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality……Page 436
A. Diagnosis……Page 438
A. Arrhythmias……Page 439
C. Right Ventricular Infarction……Page 440
XV. DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY……Page 441
XVII. REHABILITATION, RETIREMENT, AND TRAVEL……Page 442
A. Don’ts……Page 443
XIX. SEXUAL ACTIVITIES……Page 444
XX. BETA-BLOCKERS……Page 445
XXII. CASE HISTORY OF A HEART PATIENT……Page 447
XXIII. RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION……Page 448
C. Use the Following Recommended Foods……Page 449
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 450
I. INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENESIS……Page 454
A. Coronary Artery Disease……Page 455
III. PRECIPITATING FACTORS……Page 456
A. Nature’s Defense Mechanisms……Page 457
A. Symptoms……Page 458
A. Digitalis (Digoxin)……Page 459
B. Digitoxin……Page 460
C. ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers……Page 461
D. Angiotensin receptor blockers……Page 462
G. Beta-Blockers……Page 463
I. Resynchronization……Page 464
A. Advice on Drugs, Salt, Diet, Potassium, Alcohol, and Exercise……Page 465
IX. WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE HOSPITAL AND ON DISCHARGE……Page 466
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 467
II. GENETICS AND IRON OVERLOAD……Page 470
A. Myocardial Damage Mechanisms……Page 471
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 472
II. CONSUMPTION AND REGULATION……Page 474
B. Ephedra sinica (Ma Huang)……Page 475
C. Ginkgo……Page 476
D. Garlic (Allium sativum)……Page 477
G. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)……Page 478
J. Horse Chestnut Seed (Aesculus hippocastanum)……Page 479
Q. Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe)……Page 480
IV. SUBSTANCES USED BY ATHLETES……Page 481
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 482
A. Pericardial Effusion……Page 484
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 485
A. Willems et al…….Page 486
V. SCREENING……Page 487
A. The Recent FACIT Trial; Lange et al…….Page 488
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 489
I. MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE……Page 490
A. Primary (Essential) Hypertension……Page 492
B. Secondary Hypertension……Page 493
C. Malignant Hypertension……Page 494
A. Salt Hypothesis……Page 495
B. Other Hypotheses……Page 496
A. Effects on Arteries and Heart……Page 497
VII. INVESTIGATIONS……Page 498
A. Sodium (Salt) Restriction……Page 499
D. Exercise……Page 500
A. Number of Drugs Available……Page 501
C. Therapy for Patients with Coexisting Diseases or Target Organ Damage……Page 503
D. Individual Antihypertensive Agents……Page 504
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 511
A. Compensatory Hypertrophy……Page 514
C. RNA……Page 515
III. DIAGNOSIS……Page 516
IV. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT……Page 518
F. Aldosterone Receptor Blocking Agents……Page 519
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 520
II. DIAGNOSIS……Page 522
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 523
II. COR PULMONALE……Page 526
IV. NOONAN SYNDROME……Page 527
XII. PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM……Page 528
XV. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS……Page 529
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 530
B. Answers……Page 532
A. Diagnostic Clues……Page 533
B. Classification……Page 534
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 535
I. ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS……Page 536
C. Increased Viral Load……Page 537
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 538
B. Metropolitan Height and Weight Tables……Page 540
A. Weight Reduction Diet……Page 542
A. The Atkins-Type Diet……Page 544
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 545
I. HISTORICAL……Page 546
A. Pathophysiology……Page 547
B. Causes of Complete Heart Block — Third Degree AV block……Page 548
IV. SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION……Page 549
A. Types of Pacemakers……Page 550
C. Complications……Page 551
D. Temporary Pacing……Page 552
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 553
I. DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES……Page 554
III. PROOF OF PFO INVOLVEMENT IN STROKE……Page 556
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 558
B. Diagnosis……Page 560
E. Constrictive Pericarditis……Page 561
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 562
B. Symptoms and Physical Signs……Page 564
C. Laboratory Studies……Page 565
B. Risk Factors and Pathogenesis……Page 566
C. Therapy……Page 567
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 568
III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY……Page 570
B. Elisa……Page 571
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 572
B. Target Organ Damage……Page 574
A. Management……Page 575
B. Heart Disease in Asian Indians……Page 577
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 578
II. SLEEP APNEAS……Page 580
III. SLEEP APNEA AND HEART FAILURE……Page 581
A. Atrial Pacing in Sleep Apnea……Page 583
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 584
II. RESTENOSIS……Page 586
A. Sirolimus-Eluting Stents……Page 587
A. Long-Term Studies……Page 588
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 589
I. EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM……Page 590
B. The Symptoms and Signs of Stress……Page 592
II. TYPE A BEHAVIOR……Page 593
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 594
II. TYPES OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS……Page 596
B. Symptoms and Signs……Page 597
C. Management……Page 598
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 599
A. Reflex-Mediated Syncope……Page 602
C. Cardiovascular……Page 604
B. Electrocardiography and Holter Monitoring……Page 605
D. Echocardiography……Page 606
C. Transient Ischemic Attack……Page 607
E. Unexplained Syncope……Page 608
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 609
II. EXERCISE TREADMILL STRESS TEST……Page 610
VI. NUCLEAR SCANS……Page 611
B. Technique for Cardiac Catheterization Coronary Arteriography……Page 612
C. Indications……Page 613
IX. CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING/MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY……Page 614
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 615
A. Symptoms and Signs……Page 618
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 619
A. Causes……Page 620
A. Types of Valve Damage……Page 621
A. Mitral Stenosis……Page 622
C. Aortic Stenosis……Page 623
D. Aortic Regurgitation……Page 624
B. Tissue Prostheses……Page 625
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 627
B. Causes……Page 628
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 629
I. RELEVANT STATISTICS AND PERSPECTIVES……Page 630
A. Atypical Chest Pain versus Angina……Page 631
A. Premenopausal Protection……Page 632
IV. PREGNANCY AND HEART DISEASE……Page 633
A. Hypertension……Page 634
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 635
APPENDIX A……Page 638
APPENDIX B……Page 640
A……Page 642
E……Page 643
I……Page 644
P……Page 645
V……Page 646
X……Page 647
A……Page 648
B……Page 652
C……Page 653
D……Page 657
E……Page 658
G……Page 660
H……Page 661
K……Page 664
L……Page 665
M……Page 666
O……Page 667
P……Page 668
R……Page 669
S……Page 670
U……Page 672
V……Page 673
Z……Page 674
Back Page……Page 675
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