Experiments with people: revelations from social psychology

Robert P. Abelson, Kurt P. Frey, Aiden P. Gregg0805828966, 9780805828962, 9781410609274, 0805828974

Experiments With People showcases 28 intriguing studies that have significantly advanced our understanding of human thought and social behavior. These studies, mostly laboratory experiments, shed light on the irrationality of everyday thinking, the cruelty and indifference of ‘ordinary’ people, the operation of the unconscious mind, and the intimate bond between the self and others. This book tells the inside story of how social psychological research gets done and why it matters. Each chapter focuses on the details and implications of a single study, but cites related research and real-life examples. All chapters are self-contained, allowing them to be read in any order. Each chapter is divided into: *Background–provides the rationale for the study; *What They Did–outlines the design and procedure used; *What They Found–summarizes the results obtained; *So What?–articulates the significance of those results; *Afterthoughts–explores the broader issues raised by the study; and *Revelation–encapsulates the ‘take-home message’ of each chapter. This paperback is ideal as a main or supplementary text for courses in social psychology, introductory psychology, or research design.

---

Table of contents :
Experiments With People
Revelations From Social Psychology……Page 1
Experiments With People
Revelations From Social Psychology……Page 4
Copyright……Page 5
Contents……Page 6
Introduction……Page 12
1 Strangers to Ourselves: The Shortcomings
of Introspection Nisbett, R. E., & Bellows, N. (1977). Verbal reports about causal
influences on social judgments: Private access versus public theories.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 613-624…….Page 16
2 Mythical Memories: Reconstructing the Past in the Present McFarland, C, Ross, M., & DeCourville, N. (1993). Women’s theories
of menstruation and biases in recall of menstrual symptoms.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093-1104…….Page 29
3 Tahing the Edge Off Adversity: The Psychological
Immune System Gilbert, D. T., Pinel, E. C., Wilson, T. D., Blumberg, S. J., &
Wheatley, T P. (1998). Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in
affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
75, 617-638…….Page 44
4 Believing Is Seeing: Partisan Perceptions of Media Bias Vallone, R. P., Ross, L, & Lepper, M. R. (1985). The hostile media
phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias
coverage of the “Beirut Massacre.” Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 49, 577-585…….Page 56
5 Frames of Mind: Taking Risks or Playing Safe? Rothman, A. J., Martino, S. C., Bedell, B. T, Detweiler, J. B.,
& Salovey, R (1999). The systematic influence of gain- and loss- framed
messages on interest in and use of different types of health behavior.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1355-1369…….Page 67
6 Clashing Cognitions: When Actions Prompt Attitudes Festinger, L, & Carlsmith, J. (1959). Cognitive consequences of
forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,
58, 203-10…….Page 79
7 Baptism of Fire: When Suffering Leads to Liking Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation
on liking for a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,
59, 177-181…….Page 94
8 Taking the Magic Out of the Markers: The Hidden Cost
of Rewards Lepper, M., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining
children’s intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the
‘overjustification’ hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 28, 129-137…….Page 105
9 The Calvinisms Conundrum: Unconsciously Engineering
Good Omens Quattrone, G. A., & Tversky, A. (1980). Causal versus diagnostic
reasoning: On self-deception and the voter’s illusion. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 237-248…….Page 118
10 Pitfalls of Purpose: Ironic Processes in Mood Control Wegner, D., Erber, R., &Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic Processes in
the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093-1104…….Page 129
11 Familiarity Breeds Liking: The Positive Effects of Mere
Exposure Mita, T. H., Dermer, M., & Knight, J. (1977). Reversed facial images
and the mere-exposure hypothesis. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 35, 597-601…….Page 142
12 Beneath the Mask: Tools for Detecting Hidden Prejudice Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., Johnson, C, Johnson, B., & Howard,
A. (1997). On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled
processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33,
510-540…….Page 152
13 I Think, Therefore I Act: Priming Intelligence With Social Stereotypes Dijksterhuis, A., &van Knippenberg, A. (1998). The relation between
perception and behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 865-877…….Page 166
14 What Did You Expect?: The Behavioral Confirmation
of the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype……Page 177
15 Good Vibes: Insights Into Belief in Mental Telepathy Ayeroff, F., & Abelson, R. P. (1976). ESP and ESB: Belief in personal
success at mental telepathy. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 36, 240-247…….Page 189
16 The Eye Is Quicker Than the Mind: Believing Precedes Unbelieving Gilbert, D. T., Tafarodi, R. W, &Malone, P. S. (1993). You can’t not
believe everything you read. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 65, 221-233…….Page 201
17 Going Along to Get Along: Conformity to Group Morms Asch, S. E. (1955, November). Opinions and social pressure.
Scientific American, 31-35…….Page 214
18 The Unhurried Samaritan: When Context Determines
Character Darley, J. M., & Batson, C. D. (1973). “From Jerusalem to Jericho”: A
study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 100-108…….Page 227
19 Who, Me?: The Failure of Bystanders to Intervene
in Emergencies Darley, J. M., & Latane, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in
emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 8, 377-383…….Page 237
20 Love Thy Neighbor or Thyself?: Empathy as a Source
of Altruism Batson, C., Dyck, J., Brandt, J. R., Batson, J., Powell, A., McMaster,
M. R., & Griffitt, C. (1988). Five studies testing two new egoistic
alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 52-77…….Page 248
21 Just Following Orders: A Shocking Demonstration
of Obedience to Authority Milgram, S. (1963). The behavioral study of obedience. Journal
of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-378…….Page 260
22 Hooded Hoodlums: The Role of Deindividuation
in Antisocial Behavior Diener, E., Fraser, S. C., Beaman, A. L, & Kelem, R. T. (1976).
Effects of deindividuation variables on stealing among Halloween
trick- or-treaters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33,
178-183…….Page 274
23 The Burglar’s Situation: Actor-Observer Differences
in Explaining Behavior West, S. G., Gunn, S. R, & Chernicky, P. (1975). Ubiquitous
Watergate: An attributional analysis. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 32, 55-65…….Page 283
24 Of Cockroaches and Men: Social Enhancement
and Inhibition of Performance Zajonc, R. B., Heingarter, A., & Herman, E. M. (1969). Social
enhancement and impairment of performance in the cockroach.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 83-92…….Page 295
25 “We’re Number One!”: Basking in Others’ Glory Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thome, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S.,
& Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football)
field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34,
366-375…….Page 304
26 Ackmians Are From Mars, Orinthians Are From Venus:
Gender Stereotypes as Role Rationalizations Hoffman, C., & Hurst, N. (1990). Gender stereotypes: Perception or
rationalization? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58,
197-208…….Page 315
27 When Two Become One: Expanding the Self to Include
the Other Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close
relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253…….Page 328
28 The Wrath of the Rejected: Being Shut Out Makes One
Lash Out Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001).
If you can’t join them, beat them: The effects of social exclusions on
aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
81, 1058-1069…….Page 341
Revelations……Page 354
Author Index……Page 358
Subject Index……Page 368