Organic Chemistry Laboratory Survival Manual

James W. Zubrick9780471855194, 0-471-85519-7

The basic techniques in the organic chemistry laboratory are presented in this book with the emphasis on doing the work correctly the first time. To this end, examples of what can go wrong are presented with admonishments, often bordering on the outrageous, to forestall the most common of errors. Complicated operations, such as distillation and extraction, are dealt with in a straightforward fashion, both in the explanations and in the sequential procedures. In this edition, the sections on notebooks and handbooks have been expanded to include typical notebook pages and actual handbook entries along with interpretation. There are new notes on cleaning and drying glassware, and how to find a good recrystallization solvent. Washing has been given the same importance as extraction, and a few more trouble spots, eg taking the pH of an organic layer, have been smoothed. There are additional instructions on steam distillation using external sources of steam. Simple manometers, coping with air leaks, and the correct use of a pressure-temperature nomograph enhance the section on vacuum distillation. Refractometry has been added, as well as sections on the theory of extraction and distillation, including azeotropes and azeotropic distillation, and the application of the Clausius-Clapyron equation as a bridge for getting from Raoult’s Law (pressure and mole fraction) to the phase diagram (temperature and mole fraction).

---

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
……Page 1
Preface to the Second Edition
……Page 7
Preface to the First Edition……Page 9
Some Notes on Style……Page 11
Forewords……Page 13
Table of contents
……Page 17
1. Safety First, Last, and Always
……Page 25
2. Keeping A Notebook
……Page 31
3. Interpreting A Handbook
……Page 45
4. Jointware – Glassware
……Page 63
5. Other Interesting Equipment
……Page 79
6. Clean and Dry
……Page 83
7. Drying Agents
……Page 87
8. On Products
……Page 91
9. The Melting Point Experiment
……Page 95
10. Recrystallization
……Page 115
11. Extraction and Washing
……Page 135
12. Heating – Boiling Stones
……Page 153
13. Sources of Heat
……Page 155
14. Clamps and Clamping
……Page 167
15. Distillation
……Page 175
16. Reflux
……Page 203
17. Sublimation
……Page 213
18. Chromatography: Some Generalities
……Page 217
19. Thin-Layer Chromatography: TLC
……Page 221
20. Wet-Column Chromatography
……Page 233
21. Dry Column Chromatography
……Page 241
22. Refractometry
……Page 245
23. Instrumentation in the Lab
……Page 251
24. Gas Chromatography
……Page 253
25. HP Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
……Page 265
26. Infrared Spectroscopy
……Page 277
27. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
……Page 301
28. Theory of Distillation
……Page 313
29. Theory of Extraction
……Page 335
Index……Page 339