High-Resolution Continuum Source AAS: The Better Way to Do Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Bernhard Welz, Helmut Becker-Ross, Stefan Florek, Uwe Heitmann3527307362, 9783527307364

Welz (analytical chemistry, Universidade Federale de Santa Catarina, Brazil) provides a complete discussion of high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) and its application to the analysis of a variety of difficult matrices. Conceived as a supplement to the standard reference on AAS by Welz, this book does not repeat fundamentals, focusing instead on new information required to profit from HR-CS AAS. Chapters cover theoretical concepts, instrumentation, measurements, individual elements, electron excitation spectra of diatomic molecules, and applications. Published in time for the distribution of the first commercial instrument available for this new technique, the book will be of interest to future users of HR-CS AAS

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Table of contents :
High-Resolution Continuum Source AAS……Page 4
Preface……Page 8
Contents……Page 10
List of Physical Constants, Symbols and Abbreviations……Page 14
1. Historical Development of Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry……Page 16
2.1.1 Natural Line Width……Page 20
2.1.2 Doppler Broadening……Page 21
2.1.3 Collision Broadening……Page 22
2.1.4 Voigt Profiles……Page 23
2.1.5 Instrument Profile……Page 26
2.2.1 General Principle of Absorption……Page 32
2.2.2 Instrument Effects……Page 33
2.3.1 Electronic Transitions……Page 39
2.3.2 Vibrational Spectra……Page 41
2.3.3 Rotational Spectra……Page 43
2.3.4 Dissociation Continua……Page 45
3.1 Radiation Source……Page 46
3.2 Research Spectrometers with Active Wavelength Stabilization……Page 49
3.2.1 Echelle Grating……Page 50
3.2.2 Sequential Spectrometer……Page 52
3.2.3 Simultaneous Spectrometer……Page 61
3.3 Detector……Page 65
3.4 The contrAA 300 from Analytik Jena AG……Page 68
4.1 The Modulation Principle……Page 72
4.2 Simultaneous Double-beam Concept……Page 73
4.3 Selection of Analytical Lines……Page 74
4.4 Sensitivity and Working Range……Page 77
4.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Precision and Limit of Detection……Page 83
4.6 Multi-element Atomic Absorption Spectrometry……Page 87
4.7 Absolute Analysis……Page 89
5.1 General Considerations……Page 92
5.2.1 Continuous Background……Page 94
5.2.2 Fine-structured Background……Page 100
5.2.3 Direct Line Overlap……Page 104
6. The Individual Elements……Page 106
6.1 Aluminum (Al)……Page 109
6.2 Antimony (Sb)……Page 112
6.4 Barium (Ba)……Page 113
6.6 Bismuth (Bi)……Page 114
6.7 Boron (B)……Page 116
6.8 Cadmium (Cd)……Page 117
6.10 Cesium (Cs)……Page 118
6.11 Chromium (Cr)……Page 119
6.12 Cobalt (Co)……Page 121
6.13 Copper (Cu)……Page 123
6.15 Gallium (Ga)……Page 124
6.16 Germanium (Ge)……Page 125
6.18 Indium (In)……Page 126
6.20 Iron (Fe)……Page 127
6.21 Lanthanum (La)……Page 129
6.22 Lead (Pb)……Page 130
6.23 Lithium (Li)……Page 131
6.25 Manganese (Mn)……Page 132
6.26 Mercury (Hg)……Page 135
6.27 Molybdenum (Mo)……Page 136
6.28 Nickel (Ni)……Page 137
6.29 Palladium (Pd)……Page 139
6.30 Phosphorus (P)……Page 140
6.31 Platinum (Pt)……Page 142
6.34 Rubidium (Rb)……Page 143
6.36 Selenium (Se)……Page 144
6.37 Silicon (Si)……Page 145
6.39 Sodium (Na)……Page 148
6.41 Sulfur (S)……Page 150
6.42 Tellurium (Te)……Page 152
6.43 Thallium (Tl)……Page 153
6.44 Tin (Sn)……Page 154
6.46 Tungsten (W)……Page 156
6.47 Vanadium (V)……Page 157
6.48 Zinc (Zn)……Page 159
7.1 General Considerations……Page 162
7.2 Individual Overview Spectra……Page 168
7.2.1 AgH……Page 170
7.2.2 AlCl……Page 173
7.2.3 AlF……Page 175
7.2.4 AlH……Page 177
7.2.5 AsO……Page 179
7.2.6 CN……Page 181
7.2.7 CS……Page 184
7.2.8 CuH……Page 188
7.2.9 GaCl……Page 191
7.2.10 LaO……Page 193
7.2.11 NH……Page 194
7.2.12 NO……Page 195
7.2.13 OH……Page 200
7.2.14 PO……Page 205
7.2.15 SH……Page 212
7.2.16 SiO……Page 213
7.2.17 SnO……Page 220
8.1.1 Molecular Background in Flame AAS……Page 226
8.1.2 Drinking Water Analysis……Page 228
8.1.4 Determination of Zinc in Iron and Steel……Page 230
8.1.5 Determination of Trace Elements in High-purity Copper……Page 231
8.1.6 Determination of Phosphorus via PO Molecular Absorption Lines……Page 234
8.1.7 Determination of Sulfur in Cast Iron……Page 238
8.2.1 Method Development for Graphite Furnace Analysis……Page 239
8.2.2 Direct solid sample analysis……Page 250
8.2.3 Urine Analysis……Page 252
8.2.4 Analysis of Biological Materials……Page 260
8.2.5 Analysis of Seawater……Page 266
8.2.6 Analysis of Soils and Sediments……Page 268
8.2.7 Analysis of Coal and Coal Fly Ash……Page 271
8.2.8 Analysis of Crude Oil……Page 275
8.2.9 Determination of Arsenic in Aluminum……Page 280
9. Outlook……Page 284
References……Page 288
Acknowledgment……Page 298
Index……Page 300