Reservoir Engineering Handbook

Tarek Ahmed PhD PE9780884157700, 0-88415-770-9

Two new chapters have been added to the first edition to make this book a complete resource for students and professionals in the petroleum industry: Principles of Waterflooding, Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibria.

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Table of contents :
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……Page 20
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION……Page 21
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION……Page 22
CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIRS AND RESERVOIR FLUIDS……Page 24
PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GASES……Page 52
BEHAVIOR OF IDEAL GASES……Page 53
BEHAVIOR OF REAL GASES……Page 59
EFFECT OF NONHYDROCARBON COMPONENTS ON THE Z- FACTOR……Page 67
CORRECTION FOR HIGH-MOLECULAR WEIGHT GASES……Page 72
DIRECT CALCULATION OF COMPRESSIBILITY FACTORS……Page 77
COMPRESSIBILITY OF NATURAL GASES……Page 82
GAS FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR……Page 88
GAS VISCOSITY……Page 90
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE VISCOSITY OF NATURAL GASES……Page 91
PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL SYSTEMS……Page 97
METHODS OF CALCULATING VISCOSITY OF THE DEAD OIL……Page 132
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE SATURATED OIL VISCOSITY……Page 134
METHODS OF CALCULATING THE VISCOSITY OF THE UNDERSATURATED OIL……Page 135
PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR WATER……Page 141
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF RESERVOIR FLUIDS……Page 153
CONSTANT-COMPOSITION EXPANSION TESTS……Page 154
DIFFERENTIAL LIBERATION (VAPORIZATION) TEST……Page 166
SEPARATOR TESTS……Page 169
EXTRAPOLATION OF RESERVOIR FLUID DATA……Page 181
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF GAS CONDENSATE SYSTEMS……Page 188
FUNDAMENTALS OF ROCK PROPERTIES……Page 206
POROSITY……Page 207
SATURATION……Page 212
WETTABILITY……Page 216
SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION……Page 217
CAPILLARY PRESSURE……Page 220
PERMEABILITY……Page 244
ROCK COMPRESSIBILITY……Page 271
NET PAY THICKNESS……Page 277
RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY……Page 278
AREAL HETEROGENEITY……Page 291
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CONCEPTS……Page 303
TWO-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY……Page 304
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RATIO……Page 321
DYNAMIC PSEUDO-RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES……Page 324
NORMALIZATION AND AVERAGING RELATIVE PERMEABILITY DATA……Page 327
THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY……Page 333
FUNDAMENTALS OF RESERVOIR FLUID FLOW……Page 344
TYPES OF FLUIDS……Page 345
FLOW REGIMES……Page 347
RESERVOIR GEOMETRY……Page 349
NUMBER OF FLOWING FLUIDS IN THE RESERVOIR……Page 352
FLUID FLOW EQUATIONS……Page 353
STEADY-STATE FLOW……Page 355
UNSTEADY-STATE FLOW……Page 386
CONSTANT-TERMINAL-RATE SOLUTION……Page 397
PSEUDOSTEADY-STATE FLOW……Page 426
PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION……Page 454
TRANSIENT WELL TESTING……Page 465
VERTICAL OIL WELL PERFORMANCEa……Page 496
HORIZONTAL OIL WELL PERFORMANCEa……Page 538
VERTICAL GAS WELL PERFORMANCEb……Page 556
HORIZONTAL GAS WELL PERFORMANCEb……Page 585
GAS AND WATER CONING……Page 592
CONING……Page 593
CONING IN VERTICAL WELLS……Page 596
BREAKTHROUGH TIME IN VERTICAL WELLS……Page 629
AFTER BREAKTHROUGH PERFORMANCE……Page 633
CONING IN HORIZONTAL WELLS……Page 638
HORIZONTAL WELL BREAKTHROUGH TIME……Page 647
WATER INFLUX……Page 659
CLASSIFICATION OF AQUIFERS……Page 660
RECOGNITION OF NATURAL WATER INFLUX……Page 663
WATER INFLUX MODELS……Page 664
OIL RECOVERY MECHANISMS AND THE MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION……Page 740
PRIMARY RECOVERY MECHANISMS……Page 741
THE MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION……Page 759
PREDICTING OIL RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE……Page 805
PHASE 1. RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION METHODS……Page 806
PHASE 2. RELATING RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE TO TIME……Page 845
GAS RESERVOIRS……Page 850
THE VOLUMETRIC METHOD……Page 851
THE MATERIAL BALANCE METHOD……Page 854
MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION AS A STRAIGHT LINE……Page 865
ABNORMALLY PRESSURED GAS RESERVOIRS……Page 870
PRINCIPLES OF WATERFLOODING……Page 880
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WATERFLOODING……Page 881
OPTIMUM TIME TO WATERFLOOD……Page 886
EFFECT OF TRAPPED GAS ON WATERFLOOD RECOVERY……Page 888
SELECTION OF FLOODING PATTERNS……Page 898
OVERALL RECOVERY EFFICIENCY……Page 903
I. DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY……Page 904
II. AREAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY……Page 955
III. VERTICAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY……Page 1012
METHODS OF PREDICTING RECOVERY PERFORMANCE FOR LAYERED RESERVOIRS……Page 1029
VAPOR-LIQUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA……Page 1049
EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS……Page 1052
FLASH CALCULATIONS……Page 1056
EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS FOR REAL SOLUTIONS……Page 1060
EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS FOR THE PLUS FRACTION……Page 1073
APPLICATIONS OF THE EQUILIBRIUM RATIO IN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING……Page 1075
EQUATIONS OF STATE……Page 1107
APPLICATIONS OF THE EQUATION OF STATE IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING……Page 1147
SPLITTING AND LUMPING SCHEMES OF THE PLUS- FRACTION……Page 1160
APPENDIX……Page 1188
INDEX……Page 1200